A systematic review of complication and recurrence rates of musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, and perforator-based flaps for treatment of pressure sores

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 130, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Sameem, Mojib ^a   Au, Michael ^a   Wood, Thomas ^a   Farrokhyar, Forough ^a   Mahoney, James ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DECUBITUS; FASCIA; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; PLASTIC SURGERY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SKIN TRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTATION; VASCULARIZATION;

FASCIA; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PRESSURE ULCER; RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; RECURRENCE; SKIN TRANSPLANTATION; SURGICAL FLAPS;

EID: 84863426664     PISSN: 00321052     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318254b19f     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Ger R, Levine SA. The management of decubitus ulcers by muscle transposition. An 8-year review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976; 58 419-428.
2. Minami RT, Mills R, Pardoe R. Gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps for repair of pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977; 60 242-249.
3. Park C, Park BY. Fasciocutaneous V-Y advancement flap for repair of sacral defects. Ann Plast Surg. 1988; 21 23-26.
4. Koshima I, Moriguchi T, Soeda S, Kawata S, Ohta S, Ikeda A. The gluteal perforator-based flap for repair of sacral pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993; 91 678-683.
5. Baek SM, Williams GD, McElhinney AJ, Simon BE. The gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap in the management of pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg. 1980; 5 471-476.
6. Rees RS, Reilley AF, Nanney LB, Lynch JB. Sacral pressure sores Treatment with island gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flaps. South Med J. 1985; 78 1147-1151.
7. Parkash S, Banerjee S. The total gluteus maximus rotation and other gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flaps in the treatment of pressure ulcers. Br J Plast Surg. 1986; 39 66-71.
8. Stevenson TR, Pollock RA, Rohrich RJ, VanderKolk CA. The gluteus maximus musculocutaneous island flap Refinements in design and application. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987; 79 761-768.
9. Wong TC, Ip FK. Comparison of gluteal fasciocutaneous rotational flaps and myocutaneous flaps for the treatment of sacral sores. Int Orthop. 2006; 30 64-67.
10. Gray BC, Salzberg CA, Petro JA, Salisbury RE. The expanded myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of the difficult pressure sore. Decubitus 1990; 3 17-20.
11. Gould WL, Montero N, Cukic J, Hagerty RC, Hester TR. The "split" gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994; 93 330-336.
12. Rubayi S, Doyle BS. The gluteus maximus muscle-splitting myocutaneous flap for treatment of sacral and coccygeal pressure ulcers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995; 96 1366-1371.
13. Borgognone A, Anniboletti T, De Vita F, Schirosi M, Palombo P. Ischiatic pressure sores Our experience in coupling a split-muscle flap and a fasciocutaneous flap in a "criss-cross" way. Spinal Cord 2010; 48 770-773.
14. Ramirez OM. The distal gluteus maximus advancement musculocutaneous flap for coverage of trochanteric pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg. 1987; 18 295-302.
15. Tizian C, Brenner P, Berger A. The one-stage surgical treatment of multilocated pressure sores using various myocutaneous island flaps. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988; 22 83-87.
16. Chen TH. Bilateral gluteus maximus V-Y advancement musculocutaneous flaps for the coverage of large sacral pressure sores Revisit and refinement. Ann Plast Surg. 1995; 35 492-497.
17. Angrigiani C, Grilli D, Siebert J, Thorne C. A new musculocutaneous island flap from the distal thigh for recurrent ischial and perineal pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995; 96 935-940.
18. Tellioǧ lu AT, Tekdemir I, Akyüz M, et al. Ischial pressure sores treated with a sensate gracilis myocutaneous flap. Eur J Plast Surg. 2000; 23 132-134.
19. Lin H, Hou C, Chen A, Xu Z. Treatment of ischial pressure sores using a modified gracilis myofasciocutaneous flap. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2010; 26 153-157.
20. Rubayi S, Pompan D, Garland D. Proximal femoral resection and myocutaneous flap for treatment of pressure ulcers in spinal injury patients. Ann Plast Surg. 1991; 27 132-138.
21. Tobin GR, Sanders BP, Man D, Weiner LJ. The biceps femoris myocutaneous advancement flap A useful modification for ischial pressure ulcer reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 1981; 6 396-401.
22. Hurteau JE, Bostwick J, Nahai F, Hester R, Jurkiewicz MJ. V-Y advancement of hamstring musculocutaneous flap for coverage of ischial pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981; 68 539-542.
23. Cope C, Barry P, Hassall M, Barnett R, Richards M, Vandervord J. V-Y advancement hamstring myocutaneous island flap repair of ischial pressure ulcers. Aust N Z J Surg. 1995; 65 412-416.
24. Jo'svay J, Dona'th A. Modified hamstring musculocutaneous flap for the coverage of ischial pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999; 103 1715-1718.
25. Tavakoli K, Rutkowski S, Cope C, et al. Recurrence rates of ischial sores in para- and tetraplegics treated with hamstring flaps An 8-year study. Br J Plast Surg. 1999; 52 476-479.
26. Watier E, Chevrier S, Georgieu N, Pardo A, Schück S, Pailheret JP. Our experience with ischial pressure sores in a series of 34 patients. Eur J Plast Surg. 2000; 23 32-35.
27. Nahai F, Silverton JS, Hill HL, Vasconez LO. The tensor fasciae latae musculocutaneous flap. Ann Plast Surg. 1978; 1 372-379.
28. Lüscher NJ, de Roche R, Krupp S, Kuhn W, Zäch GA. The sensory tensor fasciae latae flap A 9-year follow-up. Ann Plast Surg. 1991; 26 306-310.
29. Paletta CE, Freedman B, Shehadi SI. The VY tensor fasciae latae musculocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989; 83 852-857.
30. Lewis VL Jr, Cunningham BL, Hugo NE. The tensor fasciae latae V-Y retroposition flap. Ann Plast Surg. 1981; 6 34-37.
31. Siddiqui A, Wiedrich T, Lewis VL Jr. Tensor fasciae latae V-Y retroposition myocutaneous flap Clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg. 1993; 31 313-317.
32. Ichioka S, Okabe K, Tsuji S, Ohura N, Nakatsuka T. Triple coverage of ischial ulcers with adipofascial turnover and fasciocutaneous flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004; 114 901-905.
33. Lin H, Hou C, Xu Z, Chen A. Treatment of ischial pressure sores with double adipofascial turnover flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 2010; 64 59-61.
34. Lüscher NJ, Kuhn W, Zäch GA. Rhomboid flaps in surgery for decubital ulcers Indications and results. Ann Plast Surg. 1986; 16 415-421.
35. Mithat Akan I, Sungur N, Ozdemir R, Kilinc H, Sensöz O. "Pac Man" flap for closure of pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg. 2001; 46 421-425.
36. Ohjimi H, Ogata K, Setsu Y, Haraga I. Modification of the gluteus maximus V-Y advancement flap for sacral ulcers The gluteal fasciocutaneous flap method. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996; 98 1247-1252.
37. Ay A, Aytekin O, Aytekin A. Interdigitating fasciocutaneous gluteal V-Y advancement flaps for reconstruction of sacral defects. Ann Plast Surg. 2003; 50 636-638.
38. Yamamoto Y, Ohura T, Shintomi Y, Sugihara T, Nohira K, Igawa H. Superiority of the fasciocutaneous flap in reconstruction of sacral pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg. 1993; 30 116-121.
39. Yamamoto Y, Tsutsumida A, Murazumi M, Sugihara T. Longterm outcome of pressure sores treated with flap coverage. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997; 100 1212-1217.
40. Paletta C, Bartell T, Shehadi S. Applications of the posterior thigh flap. Ann Plast Surg. 1993; 30 41-47.
41. Rubin JA, Whetzel TP, Stevenson TR. The posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap Vascular anatomy and clinical application. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995; 95 1228-1239.
42. Homma K, Murakami G, Fujioka H, Fujita T, Imai A, Ezoe K. Treatment of ischial pressure ulcers with a posteromedial thigh fasciocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001; 108 1990-1996.
43. Ao M, Mae O, Namba Y, Asagoe K. Perforator-based flap for coverage of lumbosacral defects. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998; 101 987-991.
44. Meltem C, Esra C, Hasan F, Ali D. The gluteal perforatorbased flap in repair of pressure sores. Br J Plast Surg. 2004; 57 342-347.
45. Coskunfirat OK, Ozgentas HE. Gluteal perforator flaps for coverage of pressure sores at various locations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004; 113 2012-2017.
46. Seyhan T, Ertas N, Bahar T, Borman H. Simplified and versatile use of gluteal perforator flaps for pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg. 2008; 60 673-678.
47. Baran CN, Celebioǧ lu S, Civelek B, Sensöz O. Tangentially split gluteus maximus myocutaneous island flap based on perforator arteries for the reconstruction of pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999; 103 2071-2076.
48. Prado A, Ocampo C, Danilla S, Valenzuela G, Reyes S, Guridi R. A new technique of "double-A" bilateral flaps based on perforators for the treatment of sacral defects. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007; 119 1481-1490.
49. Verpaele AM, Blondeel PN, Van Landuyt K, et al. The superior gluteal artery perforator flap An additional tool in the treatment of sacral pressure sores. Br J Plast Surg. 1999; 52 385-391.
50. Tzeng Y, Chen S, Yu C, Chen S, Chen T, Chiu T. Modification of superior gluteal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of sacral sores. J Med Sci. 2007; 27 253-258.
51. Rajacic N, Gang RK, Dashti H, Behbehani A. Treatment of ischial pressure sores with an inferior gluteus maximus musculocutaneous island flap An analysis of 31 flaps. Br J Plast Surg. 1994; 47 431-434.
52. Kim YS, Lew DH, Roh TS, Yoo WM, Lee WJ, Tark KC. Inferior gluteal artery perforator flap A viable alternative for ischial pressure sores. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009; 62 1347-1354.
53. Scheufler O, Farhadi J, Kovach SJ, et al. Anatomical basis and clinical application of the infragluteal perforator flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006; 118 1389-1400.
54. Ichioka S, Okabe K, Tsuji S, Ohura N, Nakatsuka T. Distal perforator-based fasciocutaneous V-Y flap for treatment of sacral pressure ulcers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004; 114 906-909.
55. Rawat SS, Mathur BS. Transverse lumbar flap for sacral bed sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991; 88 154-158.
56. Rosen JM, Mo ST, Liu A. Experience with the island inferior gluteal thigh flap compared with other local flaps for the reconstruction of the pelvic area. Ann Plast Surg. 1990; 24 498-509.
57. Thiessen FE, Andrades P, Blondeel PN, et al. Flap surgery for pressure sores Should the underlying muscle be transferred or not? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011; 64 84-90.
58. Kierney PC, Engrav LH, Isik FF, Esselman PC, Cardenas DD, Rand RP. Results of 268 pressure sores in 158 patients managed jointly by plastic surgery and rehabilitation medicine. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998; 102 765-772.
59. Schryvers OI, Stranc MF, Nance PW. Surgical treatment of pressure ulcers 20-year experience. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000; 81 1556-1562.
60. Disa JJ, Carlton JM, Goldberg NH. Efficacy of operative cure in pressure sore patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992; 89 272-278.
61. Foster RD, Anthony JP, Mathes SJ, Hoffman WY. Ischial pressure sore coverage A rationale for flap selection. Br J Plast Surg. 1997; 50 374-379.
62. Mandrekas AD, Mastorakos DP. The management of decubitus ulcers by musculocutaneous flaps A five-year experience. Ann Plast Surg. 1992; 28 167-174.
63. Calderon W, Chang N, Mathes SJ. Comparison of the effect of bacterial inoculation in musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986; 77 785-792.
64. Gosain A, Chang N, Mathes S, Hunt TK, Vasconez L. A study of the relationship between blood flow and bacterial inoculation in musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990; 86 1152-1162.
65. Daniel RK, Faibisoff B. Muscle coverage of pressure points The role of myocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 1982; 8 446-452.
66. Nola GT, Vistnes LM. Differential response of skin and muscle in the experimental production of pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980; 66 728-733.
67. Yang CH, Kuo YR, Jeng SF, Lin PY. An ideal method for pressure sore reconstruction A freestyle perforator-based flap. Ann Plast Surg. 2011; 66 179-184.
68. Nojima K, Brown SA, Acikel C, et al. Defining vascular supply and territory of thinned perforator flaps Part I. Anterolateral thigh perforator flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005; 116 182-193.
69. Lee BT, Lin SJ, Bar-Meir ED, Borud LJ, Upton J. Pedicled perforator flaps A new principle in reconstructive surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010; 125 201-208.