메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 117, Issue 3, 2012, Pages

Evaluation of Arctic sea ice thickness simulated by Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project models

(13)  Johnson, Mark a   Proshutinsky, Andrey b   Aksenov, Yevgeny c   Nguyen, An T d   Lindsay, Ron e   Haas, Christian f   Zhang, Jinlun e   Diansky, Nikolay g   Kwok, Ron h   Maslowski, Wieslaw i   Hkkinen, Sirpa j   Ashik, Igor k   De Cuevas, Beverly c  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELS; OCEANOGRAPHY; SEA ICE;

EID: 84863349823     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011JC007257     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (73)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 2342589566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rescaled height coordinates for accurate representation of free-surface flows in ocean circulation models
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.09.003, PII S1463500303000544
    • Adcroft, A., and J.-M. Campin (2004), Rescaled height coordinates for accurate representation of free-surface flows in ocean circulation models, Ocean Modell., 7(3-4), 269-284, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.09.003. (Pubitemid 38571141)
    • (2004) Ocean Modelling , vol.7 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 269-284
    • Adcroft, A.1    Campin, J.-M.2
  • 2
    • 0001221191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of topography by shaved cells in a height coordinate ocean model
    • Adcroft, A., C. Hill, and J. Marshall (1997), The representation of topography by shaved cells in a height coordinate model, Mon. Weather Rev., 125(9), 2293-2315, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125 2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 127579493)
    • (1997) Monthly Weather Review , vol.125 , Issue.9 , pp. 2293-2315
    • Adcroft, A.1    Hill, C.2    Marshall, A.J.3
  • 3
    • 77957043412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between sea ice thickness and freeboard in the Arctic
    • Alexandrov, V., S. Sandven, J. Wahlin, and O. M. Johannessen (2010), The relation between sea ice thickness and freeboard in the Arctic, Cryosphere, 4, 373-380.
    • (2010) Cryosphere , vol.4 , pp. 373-380
    • Alexandrov, V.1    Sandven, S.2    Wahlin, J.3    Johannessen, O.M.4
  • 6
    • 0036501185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea ice response to wind forcing from AMIP models
    • Bitz, C. M., J. Fyfe, and G. Flato (2002), Sea ice response to wind forcing from AMIP models, J. Clim., 15, 522-536, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002) 0152.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 34264888)
    • (2002) Journal of Climate , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 522-536
    • Bitz, C.M.1    Fyfe, J.C.2    Flato, G.M.3
  • 7
    • 0027884203 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed-layer physics
    • Blanke, B., and P. Delecluse (1993), Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed-layer physics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1363-1388, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1993)0232.0. CO;2. (Pubitemid 24429521)
    • (1993) Journal of Physical Oceanography , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 1363-1388
    • Blanke, B.1    Delecluse, P.2
  • 8
    • 0000157495 scopus 로고
    • A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model
    • edited by N. S. Heaps AGU, Washington, D. C. doi:10.1029/CO004p0001
    • Blumberg, A., and G. L. Mellor (1987), A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model, in Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Coastal Estuarine Sci., vol. 4, edited by N. S. Heaps, pp. 1-16, AGU, Washington, D. C., doi:10.1029/CO004p0001.
    • (1987) Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Coastal Estuarine Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 1-16
    • Blumberg, A.1    Mellor, G.L.2
  • 9
    • 0023330355 scopus 로고
    • Sea ice thickness distribution in the arctic ocean
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-232X(87)90007-3
    • Bourke, R. H., and R. P. Garrett (1987), Sea ice thickness distribution in the Arctic Ocean, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 13(3), 259-280, doi:10.1016/0165-232X(87)90007-3. (Pubitemid 17587424)
    • (1987) Cold Regions Science and Technology , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-280
    • Bourke Robert, H.1    Garrett Robert, P.2
  • 10
    • 4043092485 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the thickness of sea ice
    • doi:10.1029/JC094iC01p00919
    • Bourke, R. H., and R. G. Paquette (1989), Estimating the thickness of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 919-923, doi:10.1029/JC094iC01p00919.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 919-923
    • Bourke, R.H.1    Paquette, R.G.2
  • 11
    • 71849085926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models
    • doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.10.005
    • Brodeau, L., B. Barnier, T. Penduff, A. M. Treguier, and S. Gulev (2010), An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models, Ocean Modell., 31, 88-104, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.10.005.
    • (2010) Ocean Modell. , vol.31 , pp. 88-104
    • Brodeau, L.1    Barnier, B.2    Penduff, T.3    Treguier, A.M.4    Gulev, S.5
  • 12
    • 0033556614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new approximation of the equation of state for seawater, suitable for numerical ocean models
    • Brydon D., S. San, R. Bleck (1999), A new approximation of the equation of state for seawater, suitable for numerical ocean models, J. Geophys. Res., 104(C1), 1537-1540, doi:10.1029/1998JC900059. (Pubitemid 29276160)
    • (1999) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 1537-1540
    • Brydon, D.1    Sun, S.2    Bleck, R.3
  • 13
    • 0036965207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations
    • DOI 10.1175/1525-7541(20 02)003<0660:EO FDFC>2.0.CO;2
    • Dai, A., and K. E. Trenberth (2002), Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations, J. Hydrometeorol., 3, 660-687, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2002)0032.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36122404)
    • (2002) Journal of Hydrometeorology , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 660-687
    • Dai, A.1    Trenberth, K.E.2
  • 14
    • 0346332033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High order one-step monotonicity-preserving schemes for unsteady compressible flow calculations
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.023
    • Daru, V., and C. Tenaud (2004), High order one-step monotonicity- preserving schemes for unsteady compressible flow calculations, J. Comput. Phys., 193(2), 563-594, doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.023. (Pubitemid 38058948)
    • (2004) Journal of Computational Physics , vol.193 , Issue.2 , pp. 563-594
    • Daru, V.1    Tenaud, C.2
  • 15
    • 0035657116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect measurements of the mass balance of summer Arctic sea ice with an electromagnetic induction technique
    • Papers from the International Symposium on Sea Ice and its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere held in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA 19-23 June 2000
    • Eicken, H., W. B. Tucker III, and D. K. Perovich (2001), Indirect measurements of the mass balance of summer Arctic sea ice with an electromagnetic induction technique, Ann. Glaciol., 33, 194-200, doi:10.3189/172756401781818356. (Pubitemid 34004608)
    • (2001) Annals of Glaciology , vol.33 , pp. 194-200
    • Eicken, H.1    Tucker III, W.B.2    Perovich, D.K.3
  • 16
    • 0030698049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics
    • Fichefet, T., and M. A. Morales Maqueda (1997), Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 12,609-12,646, doi:10.1029/97JC00480. (Pubitemid 27520406)
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , Issue.C6 , pp. 12609-12646
    • Fichefet, T.1    Morales Maqueda, M.A.2
  • 17
    • 0029509686 scopus 로고
    • Ridging and strength in modeling the thickness distribution of Arctic sea ice
    • doi:10.1029/95JC02091
    • Flato, G. M., and W. D. Hibler III (1995), Ridging and strength in modeling the thickness distribution of Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,611-18,626, doi:10.1029/95JC02091.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 18611-18626
    • Flato, G.M.1    Hibler Iii., W.D.2
  • 18
    • 4143077644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 forcing as simulated by global climate models
    • DOI 10.1007/s00382-004-0436-7
    • Flato, G. M., et al. (2004), Sea-ice climate and sensitivity as simulated by global climate models, Clim. Dyn., 23, 229-241, doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0436- 7. (Pubitemid 39338191)
    • (2004) Climate Dynamics , vol.23 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 229-241
    • Flato, G.M.1
  • 19
    • 85016468054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can large eddy simulation techniques improve mesoscale rich ocean models?
    • Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime edited by M. Hecht and H. Hasumi AGU, Washington, D. C. doi:10.1029/177GM19
    • Fox-Kemper, B., and D. Menemenlis (2008), Can large eddy simulation techniques improve mesoscale rich ocean models?, in Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 177, edited by M. Hecht and H. Hasumi, pp. 319-337, AGU, Washington, D. C., doi:10.1029/177GM19.
    • (2008) Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , vol.177 , pp. 319-337
    • Fox-Kemper, B.1    Menemenlis, D.2
  • 20
    • 0001227339 scopus 로고
    • A simple eddy-kinetic-energy model for simulations of the ocean vertical mixing: Tests at station Papa and long-term upper ocean study site
    • doi:10.1029/JC095iC09p16179
    • Gaspar, P., Y. Grégoris, and J. M. Lefevre (1990), A simple eddy-kinetic-energy model for simulations of the ocean vertical mixing: Tests at station Papa and long-term upper ocean study site, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,179-16,193, doi:10.1029/JC095iC09p16179.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 16179-16193
    • Gaspar, P.1    Grégoris, Y.2    Lefevre, J.M.3
  • 21
    • 34250765624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Arctic sea ice thickness variability in IPCC climate of the 20th century experiments and in ocean-sea ice hindcasts
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JC003616
    • Gerdes, R., and C. Köberle (2007), Comparison of Arctic sea ice thickness variability in IPCC Climate of the 20th century experiments and in ocean-sea ice hindcasts, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04S13, doi:10.1029/ 2006JC003616. (Pubitemid 46951978)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.112 , Issue.4
    • Gerdes, R.1    Koberle, C.2
  • 23
    • 3543112998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous em and ULS thickness profiling in support of ice force measurements
    • June 16-19, 2003, Trondheim, Norway, edited by S. Loeset, B. Bonnemaire, and M. Bjerkas Norw. Univ. of Sci. and Technol., Trondheim, Norway
    • Haas, C., and P. Jochmann (2003), Continuous EM and ULS thickness profiling in support of ice force measurements, in Proceedings:17th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions, June 16-19, 2003, Trondheim, Norway, edited by S. Loeset, B. Bonnemaire, and M. Bjerkas, pp. 849-856, Norw. Univ. of Sci. and Technol., Trondheim, Norway.
    • (2003) Proceedings:17th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions , pp. 849-856
    • Haas, C.1    Jochmann, P.2
  • 24
    • 0030615796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sea-ice thickness measurements under summer and winter conditions in the Arctic using a small electromagnetic induction device
    • doi:10.1190/1.1444184
    • Haas, C., S. Gerland, H. Eicken, and H. Miller (1997), Comparison of sea-ice thickness measurements under summer and winter conditions in the Arctic using a small electromagnetic induction device, Geophysics, 62(3), 749-757, doi:10.1190/1.1444184.
    • (1997) Geophysics , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 749-757
    • Haas, C.1    Gerland, S.2    Eicken, H.3    Miller, H.4
  • 25
    • 32644453997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the sea-ice thickness distribution in the Lincoln Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean in 2004 and 2005
    • DOI 10.3189/172756406781811781
    • Haas, C., S. Hendricks, and M. Doble (2006), Comparison of the sea ice thickness distribution in the Lincoln Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean in 2004 and 2005, Ann. Glaciol., 44, 247-252, doi:10.3189/172756406781811781. (Pubitemid 46795633)
    • (2006) Annals of Glaciology , vol.44 , pp. 247-252
    • Haas, C.1    Hendricks, S.2    Doble, M.3
  • 27
    • 62149101436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicopter-borne measurements of sea ice thickness, using a small and lightweight, digital em system
    • doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.05.005
    • Haas, C., J. Lobach, S. Hendricks, L. Rabenstein, and A. Pfaffling (2009), Helicopter-borne measurements of sea ice thickness, using a small and lightweight, digital EM system, J. Appl. Geophys., 67(3), 234-241, doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.05.005.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Geophys. , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-241
    • Haas, C.1    Lobach, J.2    Hendricks, S.3    Rabenstein, L.4    Pfaffling, A.5
  • 28
    • 78651406470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synoptic airborne thickness surveys reveal state of Arctic sea ice cover
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL042652
    • Haas, C., S. Hendricks, H. Eicken, and A. Herber (2010), Synoptic airborne thickness surveys reveal state of Arctic sea ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09501, doi:10.1029/2010GL042652.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Haas, C.1    Hendricks, S.2    Eicken, H.3    Herber, A.4
  • 29
    • 0033673824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated low frequency modes of circulation in the Arctic ocean
    • doi:10.1029/2000JC900003
    • Häkkinen, S., and C. A. Geiger (2000), Simulated low frequency modes of circulation in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6549-6564, doi:10.1029/2000JC900003.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 6549-6564
    • Häkkinen, S.1    Geiger, C.A.2
  • 30
    • 0027060013 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the seasonal variability of the coupled Arctic ice-ocean system
    • doi:10.1029/92JC02037
    • Häkkinen, S., and G. L. Mellor (1992), Modeling the seasonal variability of the coupled Arctic ice-ocean system, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20,285-20,304, doi:10.1029/92JC02037.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 20285-20304
    • Häkkinen, S.1    Mellor, G.L.2
  • 31
    • 0000716685 scopus 로고
    • A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1979)0092.0.CO;2
    • Hibler, W. D., III (1979), A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 815-846, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1979)0092.0.CO;2.
    • (1979) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.9 , pp. 815-846
    • Hibler Iii., W.D.1
  • 32
    • 0019211486 scopus 로고
    • Modeling a variable thickness sea ice cover
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)1082.0.CO;2
    • Hibler, W. D., III (1980), Modeling a variable thickness sea ice cover, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1943-1973, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)1082.0.CO;2.
    • (1980) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 1943-1973
    • Hibler Iii., W.D.1
  • 33
    • 0000789756 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic ice-ocean model
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1987) 0172.0.CO;2
    • Hibler, W. D., III, and K. Bryan (1987), A diagnostic ice-ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 987-1015, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1987) 0172.0.CO;2.
    • (1987) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.17 , pp. 987-1015
    • Hibler Iii., W.D.1    Bryan, K.2
  • 34
    • 85067723405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merged IBCAO/ETOPO5 global topographic data product, report
    • Boulder, Colo
    • Holland, D. M. (2000), Merged IBCAO/ETOPO5 global topographic data product, report, Natl. Geophys. Data Cent., Boulder, Colo.
    • (2000) Natl. Geophys. Data Cent.
    • Holland, D.M.1
  • 36
    • 0002841065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viscous-plastic sea ice dynamics with the evp model: Linearization issues
    • DOI 10.1006/jcph.2001.6710, PII S0021999101967105
    • Hunke, E. C. (2001), Viscous-plastic sea ice dynamics with the evp model: Linearization issues, J. Comput. Phys., 170, 18-38, doi:10.1006/jcph. 2001.6710. (Pubitemid 33658376)
    • (2001) Journal of Computational Physics , vol.170 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-38
    • Hunke, E.C.1
  • 37
    • 77954218831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thickness sensitivities in the CICE sea ice model
    • doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.004
    • Hunke, E. C. (2010), Thickness sensitivities in the CICE sea ice model, Ocean Modell., 34, 137-149, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.004.
    • (2010) Ocean Modell. , vol.34 , pp. 137-149
    • Hunke, E.C.1
  • 38
    • 73949143709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age characteristics in a multidecadal arctic sea ice simulation
    • doi:10.1029/2008JC005186
    • Hunke, E. C., and C. M. Bitz (2009), Age characteristics in a multidecadal arctic sea ice simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C08013, doi:10.1029/2008JC005186.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Hunke, E.C.1    Bitz, C.M.2
  • 39
    • 34250694119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global atmospheric forcing data for Arctic ice-ocean modeling
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JC003640
    • Hunke, E., and M. Holland (2007), Global atmospheric forcing data for Arctic ice-ocean modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04S14, doi:10.1029/ 2006JC003640. (Pubitemid 46951979)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.112 , Issue.4
    • Hunke, E.C.1    Holland, M.M.2
  • 40
    • 41749105008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change edited by M. L. Parry et al. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2008), Summary for policymakers, in Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by M. L. Parry et al., pp. 7-22, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2008) Summary for Policymakers , pp. 7-22
  • 41
    • 0001586195 scopus 로고
    • Minimal adjustment of hydro-graphic profiles to achieve static stability
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012 2.0.CO;2
    • Jackett, D. R., and T. J. McDougall (1995), Minimal adjustment of hydro-graphic profiles to achieve static stability, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12(2), 381-389, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012 2.0.CO;2.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 381-389
    • Jackett, D.R.1    McDougall, T.J.2
  • 42
    • 34250719992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of Arctic Ocean sea ice concentration among the coordinated AOMIP model experiments
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JC003690
    • Johnson, M., S. Gaffigan, E. Hunke, and R. Gerdes (2007), A comparison of Arctic Ocean sea ice concentration among the coordinated AOMIP model experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04S11, doi:10.1029/2006JC003690. (Pubitemid 46951976)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.112 , Issue.4
    • Johnson, M.1    Gaffigan, S.2    Hunke, E.3    Gerdes, R.4
  • 43
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year reanalysis project
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0477 (1996)0772.0.CO;2
    • Kalnay, E., et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77(3), 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477 (1996)0772.0.CO;2.
    • (1996) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 44
    • 33745196918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity analysis and parameter tuning scheme for global sea-ice modeling
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.03.003, PII S146350030600028X
    • Kim, J. G., E. C. Hunke, and W. L. Lipscomb (2006), A sensitivity analysis and parameter tuning scheme for global sea-ice modeling, Ocean Modell., 14, 61-80, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.03.003. (Pubitemid 43905992)
    • (2006) Ocean Modelling , vol.14 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 61-80
    • Kim, J.G.1    Hunke, E.C.2    Lipscomb, W.H.3
  • 45
    • 0000122733 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional prognostic models
    • Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models edited by N. Heaps AGU, Washington, D. C. doi:10.1029/CO004p0201
    • Kochergin, V. P. (1987), Three-dimensional prognostic models, in Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Coastal Estuarine Sci., vol. 4, edited by N. Heaps, pp. 201-208, AGU, Washington, D. C., doi:10.1029/CO004p0201.
    • (1987) Coastal Estuarine Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 201-208
    • Kochergin, V.P.1
  • 46
    • 77954369582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present-day Arctic sea ice variability in the coupled ECHAM5/MPI-OM Model
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3065.1
    • Koldunov, N., D. Stammer, and J. Marotzke (2010), Present-day Arctic sea ice variability in the coupled ECHAM5/MPI-OM Model, J. Clim., 23, 2520-2543, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3065.1.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , pp. 2520-2543
    • Koldunov, N.1    Stammer, D.2    Marotzke, J.3
  • 48
    • 70350033644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in Arctic sea ice thickness from submarine and ICESat records: 1958-2008
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL039035
    • Kwok, R., and D. A. Rothrock (2009), Decline in Arctic sea ice thickness from submarine and ICESat records: 1958-2008, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15501, doi:10.1029/2009GL039035.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Kwok, R.1    Rothrock, D.A.2
  • 49
    • 78649703588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness and kinematics: Satellite retrievals and modeling
    • doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.11
    • Kwok, R., and D. Sulsky (2010), Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness and kinematics: Satellite retrievals and modeling, Oceanography, 23(4), 134-143, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.11.
    • (2010) Oceanography , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 134-143
    • Kwok, R.1    Sulsky, D.2
  • 50
    • 7044247845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICESat observations of Arctic sea ice: A first look
    • DOI 10.1029/2004GL020309
    • Kwok, R., H. J. Zwally, and D. Yi (2004), ICESat observations of Arctic sea ice: A first look, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16401, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL020309. (Pubitemid 39428490)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.16
    • Kwok, R.1    Zwally, H.J.2    Yi, D.3
  • 51
    • 38949133045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) over arctic sea ice: Retrieval of freeboard
    • doi:10.1029/2006JC003978
    • Kwok, R., G. F. Cunningham, H. J. Zwally, and D. Yi (2007), Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) over Arctic sea ice: Retrieval of freeboard, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C12013, doi:10.1029/2006JC003978.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Kwok, R.1    Cunningham, G.F.2    Zwally, H.J.3    Yi, D.4
  • 52
    • 58949101622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of sea ice simulations assessed with RGPS kinematics
    • doi:10.1029/2008JC004783
    • Kwok, R., E. Hunke, W. Maslowski, D. Menemenlis, and J. Zhang (2008), Variability of sea ice simulations assessed with RGPS kinematics, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C11012, doi:10.1029/2008JC004783.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Kwok, R.1    Hunke, E.2    Maslowski, W.3    Menemenlis, D.4    Zhang, J.5
  • 53
    • 70349659996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinning and volume loss of the Arctic ocean sea ice cover: 2003-2008
    • doi:10.1029/2009JC005312
    • Kwok, R., G. F. Cunningham, M. Wensnahan, I. Rigor, H. J. Zwally, and D. Yi (2009), Thinning and volume loss of the Arctic Ocean sea ice cover: 2003-2008, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C07005, doi:10.1029/2009JC005312.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Kwok, R.1    Cunningham, G.F.2    Wensnahan, M.3    Rigor, I.4    Zwally, H.J.5    Yi, D.6
  • 54
    • 25844517016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: The data sets and flux climatologies
    • Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo
    • Large, W. G., and S. G. Yeager (2004), Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: The data sets and flux climatologies, Tech. Note NCAR/TN-460+STR, 105 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
    • (2004) Tech. Note NCAR/TN-460+STR , pp. 105
    • Large, W.G.1    Yeager, S.G.2
  • 55
    • 0028591570 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization
    • Large, W. G., J. C. McWilliams, and S. C. Doney (1994), Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403, doi:10.1029/94RG01872. (Pubitemid 24987221)
    • (1994) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-403
    • Large, W.G.1    McWilliams, J.C.2    Doney, S.C.3
  • 56
    • 0242653589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02050
    • Laxon, S., N. Peacock, and D. Smith (2003), High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region, Nature, 425, 947-950, doi:10.1038/nature02050. (Pubitemid 37376923)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , Issue.6961 , pp. 947-950
    • Laxon, S.1    Peacock, H.2    Smith, D.3
  • 57
    • 0001481042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic models of chaotic systems
    • PII S0167278996001078
    • Leith, C. E. (1996), Stochastic models of chaotic systems, Phys. D, 98, 481-491, doi:10.1016/0167-2789(96)00107-8. (Pubitemid 126687469)
    • (1996) Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena , vol.98 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 481-491
    • Leith, C.E.1
  • 58
    • 0035476017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of an advection scheme for biogeochemical models
    • DOI 10.1029/2001GL012947
    • Lévy, M., A. Estublier, and G. Madec (2001), Choice of an advection scheme for biogeochemical models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3725-3728, doi:10.1029/2001GL012947. (Pubitemid 33001943)
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.19 , pp. 3725-3728
    • Levy, M.1    Estublier, A.2    Madec, G.3
  • 59
    • 0028669008 scopus 로고
    • A class of the van Leer-type transport schemes and its application to the moisture transport in a general circulation model
    • Lin, S.-J., W. C. Chao, Y. C. Sud, and G. K. Walker (1994), A class of van Leer-type transport schemes and its application to the moisture transport in a general circulation model, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1575-1593. (Pubitemid 288978)
    • (1994) Monthly Weather Review , vol.122 , Issue.7 , pp. 1575-1593
    • Shian-Jiann Lin1    Chao, W.C.2    Sud, Y.C.3    Walker, G.K.4
  • 60
    • 84905329656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polar Sci. Cent., Appl. Phys. Lab., Univ. of Wash., Seattle
    • Lindsay, R. W. (2010), Unified Sea Ice Thickness Climate Data Record, http://psc.apl.washington.edu/sea-ice-cdr/, Polar Sci. Cent., Appl. Phys. Lab., Univ. of Wash., Seattle.
    • (2010) Unified Sea Ice Thickness Climate Data Record
    • Lindsay, R.W.1
  • 62
    • 77949915710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 1: Effects of different solver implementations and parameterizations
    • doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.12.008
    • Losch, M., D. Menemenlis, P. Heimbach, J.-M. Campin, and C. Hill (2010), On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 1: Effects of different solver implementations and parameterizations, Ocean Modell., 33, 129-144, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.12.008.
    • (2010) Ocean Modell. , vol.33 , pp. 129-144
    • Losch, M.1    Menemenlis, D.2    Heimbach, P.3    Campin, J.-M.4    Hill, C.5
  • 64
    • 4444267849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics of sea ice
    • edited by M. Lepparanta Univ. Print. House, Helsinki
    • Makshtas, A. P. (1998), Thermodynamics of sea ice, in Physics of Ice-Covered Seas, edited by M. Lepparanta, pp. 289-304, Univ. Print. House, Helsinki.
    • (1998) Physics of Ice-Covered Seas , pp. 289-304
    • Makshtas, A.P.1
  • 65
    • 0030762883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A finite-volume, incompressible Navier-Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers
    • doi:10.1029/96JC02775
    • Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill, L. Perelman, and C. Heisey (1997), A finite-volume, incompressible Navier-Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers, J. Geophys. Res., 102(C3), 5753-5766, doi:10.1029/96JC02775.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.C3 , pp. 5753-5766
    • Marshall, J.1    Adcroft, A.2    Hill, C.3    Perelman, L.4    Heisey, C.5
  • 66
    • 0043268847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High resolution simulations of Arctic sea ice, 1979-1993
    • Maslowski, W., and W. Lipscomb (2003), High resolution simulations of Arctic sea ice, 1979-1993, Polar Res., 22, 67-74, doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003. tb00097.x. (Pubitemid 36914747)
    • (2003) Polar Research , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-74
    • Maslowski, W.1    Lipscomb, W.H.2
  • 67
    • 0034351893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling recent climate variability in the Arctic ocean
    • doi:10.1029/1999GL011227
    • Maslowski, W., B. Newton, P. Schlosser, A. Semtner, and D. Martinson (2000), Modeling recent climate variability in the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3743-3746, doi:10.1029/1999GL011227.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 3743-3746
    • Maslowski, W.1    Newton, B.2    Schlosser, P.3    Semtner, A.4    Martinson, D.5
  • 68
    • 2642525452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On climatological mass, heat, and salt transports through the barents sea and fram strait from a pan-arctic coupled ice-ocean model simulation
    • doi:10.1029/2001JC001039
    • Maslowski, W., D. Marble, W. Walczowski, U. Schauer, J. L. Clement, and A. J. Semtner (2004), On climatological mass, heat, and salt transports through the Barents Sea and Fram Strait from a pan-Arctic coupled ice-ocean model simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03032, doi:10.1029/2001JC001039.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Maslowski, W.1    Marble, D.2    Walczowski, W.3    Schauer, U.4    Clement, J.L.5    Semtner, A.J.6
  • 69
    • 84856089443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime
    • edited by M. W. Hecht and H. Hasumi AGU, Washington D. C. doi:10.1029/177GM16
    • Maslowski, W., J. Clement Kinney, D. C. Marble, and J. Jakacki (2008), Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 177, edited by M. W. Hecht and H. Hasumi, pp. 241-264, AGU, Washington D. C, doi:10.1029/177GM16.
    • (2008) Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , vol.177 , pp. 241-264
    • Maslowski, W.1    Clement Kinney, J.2    Marble, D.C.3    Jakacki, J.4
  • 70
    • 0015019401 scopus 로고
    • Some results from a time-dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice
    • doi:10.1029/JC076i006p01550
    • Maykut, G. A., and N. Untersteiner (1971), Some results from a time-dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 76(6), 1550-1571, doi:10.1029/JC076i006p01550.
    • (1971) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 1550-1571
    • Maykut, G.A.1    Untersteiner, N.2
  • 71
    • 32644447304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Draft and movement of pack ice in the Beaufort Sea: A time-series presentation April 1990-August 1999
    • Fish. and Oceans Canada, Sidney, B. C, Canada
    • Melling, H., and D. A. Riedel (2004), Draft and movement of pack ice in the Beaufort Sea: A time-series presentation April 1990-August 1999, Can. Tech. Rep. Hydrogr. Ocean Sci. 238, 31 pp., Fish. and Oceans Canada, Sidney, B. C, Canada.
    • (2004) Can. Tech. Rep. Hydrogr. Ocean Sci. , vol.238 , pp. 31
    • Melling, H.1    Riedel, D.A.2
  • 73
    • 0024785980 scopus 로고
    • An ice-ocean coupled model
    • doi:10.1029/JC094iC08p10937
    • Mellor, G. L., and L. H. Kantha (1989), An ice-ocean coupled model, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10,937-10,954, doi:10.1029/JC094iC08p10937.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 10937-10954
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Kantha, L.H.2
  • 74
    • 0000265493 scopus 로고
    • A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layer
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)0312.0.CO;2
    • Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada (1974), A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci, 31, 1791-1806, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)0312.0.CO;2.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.31 , pp. 1791-1806
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 75
    • 0010253008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generalization of a sigma coordinate ocean model and an intercomparison of model vertical grids
    • edited by N. Pinardi and J. D. Woods Springer, New York
    • Mellor, G. L., S. Häkkinen, T. Ezer, and R. Pazan (2002), A generalization of a sigma coordinate ocean model and an intercomparison of model vertical grids, in Ocean Forecasting: Theory and Practice, edited by N. Pinardi and J. D. Woods, pp. 55-72, Springer, New York.
    • (2002) Ocean Forecasting: Theory and Practice , pp. 55-72
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Häkkinen, S.2    Ezer, T.3    Pazan, R.4
  • 77
    • 79953859707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of the 20th century variability of the North Atlantic-arctic ocean-bering sea circulation
    • doi:10.1515/RJNAMM.2011.009
    • Moshonkin, S. N., G. V. Alekseev, A. V. Bagno, A. V. Gusev, N. A. Diansky, and V. B. Zalesny (2011), Numerical modeling of the 20th century variability of the North Atlantic-Arctic Ocean-Bering Sea circulation, Russ. J. Numer. Anal. Math. Model, 26, 161-178, doi:10.1515/RJNAMM.2011.009.
    • (2011) Russ. J. Numer. Anal. Math. Model , vol.26 , pp. 161-178
    • Moshonkin, S.N.1    Alekseev, G.V.2    Bagno, A.V.3    Gusev, A.V.4    Diansky, N.A.5    Zalesny, V.B.6
  • 78
    • 76749125528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved modeling of the Arctic halocline with a subgrid-scale brine rejection parameterization
    • doi:10.1029/2008JC005121
    • Nguyen, A. T., D. Menemenlis, and R. Kwok (2009), Improved modeling of the Arctic halocline with a subgrid-scale brine rejection parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C11014, doi:10.1029/2008JC005121.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Nguyen, A.T.1    Menemenlis, D.2    Kwok, R.3
  • 79
    • 79955583056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic ice-ocean simulation with optimized model parameters: Approach and assessment
    • doi:10.1029/2010JC006573
    • Nguyen, A. T., D. Menemenlis, and R. Kwok (2011), Arctic ice-ocean simulation with optimized model parameters: Approach and assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C04025, doi:10.1029/2010JC006573.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Nguyen, A.T.1    Menemenlis, D.2    Kwok, R.3
  • 81
    • 0033063129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient response in a Z-level ocean model that resolves topography with partial cells
    • Pacanowski, R. C, and A. Gnanadesikan (1998), Transient response in a Z-level ocean model that resolves topography with partial cells, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 3248-3270, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)1262.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 128585149)
    • (1998) Monthly Weather Review , vol.126 , Issue.12 , pp. 3248-3270
    • Pacanowski, R.C.1    Gnanadesikan, A.2
  • 82
    • 0018292572 scopus 로고
    • A large scale numerical model of sea ice
    • doi:10.1029/JC084iC01p00311
    • Parkinson, C. L., and W. M. Washington (1979), A large scale numerical model of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 311-337, doi:10.1029/JC084iC01p00311.
    • (1979) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.84 , pp. 311-337
    • Parkinson, C.L.1    Washington, W.M.2
  • 83
    • 0000744260 scopus 로고
    • Albedo of the sea surface
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)0292.0.CO;2
    • Payne, R. E. (1972), Albedo of the sea surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 959-970, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1972)0292.0.CO;2.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 959-970
    • Payne, R.E.1
  • 84
    • 37549016770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of numerical schemes on current-topography interactions in 1/4° global ocean simulations
    • doi:10.5194/os-3-509-2007
    • Penduff, T., J. Le Sommer, B. Barnier, A.-M. Treguier, J.-M. Molines, and G. Madec (2007), Influence of numerical schemes on current-topography interactions in 1/4° global ocean simulations, Ocean Sci., 3, 509-524, doi:10.5194/os-3-509-2007.
    • (2007) Ocean Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 509-524
    • Penduff, T.1    Le Sommer, J.2    Barnier, B.3    Treguier, A.-M.4    Molines, J.-M.5    Madec, G.6
  • 85
    • 34447309704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct helicopter EM - Sea-ice thickness inversion assessed with synthetic and field data
    • DOI 10.1190/1.2732551
    • Pfaffling, A., C. Haas, and J. Reid (2007), A direct helicopter EM sea ice thickness inversion, assessed with synthetic and field data, Geophysics, 72, F127-F137, doi:10.1190/1.2732551. (Pubitemid 47062536)
    • (2007) Geophysics , vol.72 , Issue.4
    • Pfaffling, A.1    Haas, C.2    Reid, J.E.3
  • 86
    • 0001759056 scopus 로고
    • Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments
    • doi:10.1029/JD091iD06p06671
    • Prather, M. C. (1986), Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6671-6681, doi:10.1029/ JD091iD06p06671.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 6671-6681
    • Prather, M.C.1
  • 87
    • 0030356992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale atmospheric moisture cycling as evaluated from NMC global analysis and forecast products
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and K. Mo (1996), Large scale atmospheric moisture cycling as evaluated from NMC global analysis and forecast products, J. Clim., 9, 3276-3297, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)0092.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 27486671)
    • (1996) Journal of Climate , vol.9 , Issue.12 , pp. 3276-3297
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Mo, K.C.2
  • 88
    • 33645659818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne electromagnetic footprints in 1D earths
    • doi:10.1190/1.2187756
    • Reid, J. E., A. Pfaffling, and J. Vrbancich (2006), Airborne electromagnetic footprints in 1D earths, Geophysics, 71(2), G63-G72, doi:10.1190/1.2187756.
    • (2006) Geophysics , vol.71 , Issue.2
    • Reid, J.E.1    Pfaffling, A.2    Vrbancich, J.3
  • 89
    • 78649975296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beamwidth effects on sea ice draft measurements from U.K. submarines
    • Rodrigues, J. (2011), Beamwidth effects on sea ice draft measurements from U.K. submarines, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 65, 160-171.
    • (2011) Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. , vol.65 , pp. 160-171
    • Rodrigues, J.1
  • 91
    • 33847345405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of sea ice drafts measured from U.S. Navy submarines
    • DOI 10.1175/JTECH2097.1
    • Rothrock, D. A., and M. Wensnahan (2007), The accuracy of sea ice drafts measured from U.S. Navy submarines, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1936-1949, doi:10.1175/JTECH2097.1. (Pubitemid 350201528)
    • (2007) Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology , vol.24 , Issue.11 , pp. 1936-1949
    • Rothrock, D.A.1    Wensnahan, M.2
  • 92
    • 0033501849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover
    • DOI 10.1029/1999GL010863
    • Rothrock, D. A., Y. Yu, and G. A. Maykut (1999), Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(23), 3469-3472, doi:10.1029/1999GL010863. (Pubitemid 30137330)
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , Issue.23 , pp. 3469-3472
    • Rothrock, D.A.1    Yu, Y.2    Maykut, G.A.3
  • 93
    • 0142028677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arctic ice thickness anomaly of the 1990s: A consistent view from observations and models
    • doi:10.1029/2001JC001208
    • Rothrock, D. A., J. Zhang, and Y. Yu (2003), The arctic ice thickness anomaly of the 1990s: A consistent view from observations and models, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C3), 3083, doi:10.1029/2001JC001208.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.C3 , pp. 3083
    • Rothrock, D.A.1    Zhang, J.2    Yu, Y.3
  • 94
    • 68749093073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decline in arctic sea-ice thickness: Separating the spatial, annual, and interannual variability in a quarter century of submarine data
    • doi:10.1029/2007JC004252
    • Rothrock, D. A., D. B. Percival, and M. Wensnahan (2008), The decline in arctic sea-ice thickness: Separating the spatial, annual, and interannual variability in a quarter century of submarine data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C05003, doi:10.1029/2007JC004252.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Rothrock, D.A.1    Percival, D.B.2    Wensnahan, M.3
  • 96
    • 0000267351 scopus 로고
    • A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigation of climate
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1976)0062.0.CO;2
    • Semtner, A. J. (1976), A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigation of climate, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 379-389, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1976)0062.0.CO;2.
    • (1976) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.6 , pp. 379-389
    • Semtner, A.J.1
  • 97
    • 79958152792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grease-ice thickness parameterization
    • doi:10.3189/172756411795931840
    • Smedsrud, L. H. (2011), Grease-ice thickness parameterization, Ann. Glaciol., 52(57), 77-82, doi:10.3189/172756411795931840.
    • (2011) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.52 , Issue.57 , pp. 77-82
    • Smedsrud, L.H.1
  • 99
    • 44049110107 scopus 로고
    • Parallel ocean general circulation modeling
    • doi:10.1016/0167-2789(92)90225-C
    • Smith, R. D., J. K. Dukowicz, and R. C. Malone (1992), Parallel ocean general circulation modeling, Phys. D, 60, 38-61, doi:10.1016/0167-2789(92) 90225-C.
    • (1992) Phys. D , vol.60 , pp. 38-61
    • Smith, R.D.1    Dukowicz, J.K.2    Malone, R.C.3
  • 100
    • 0030842741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings
    • DOI 10.1126/science.277.5334.1956
    • Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997), Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277(5334), 1956-1962, doi:10.1126/science.277.5334.1956. (Pubitemid 27449130)
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , Issue.5334 , pp. 1956-1962
    • Smith, W.H.F.1    Sandwell, D.T.2
  • 101
    • 0001567858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MPDATA: A finite-difference solver for geophysical flows
    • DOI 10.1006/jcph.1998.5901, PII S0021999198959010
    • Smolarkiewicz, P. K., and L. G. Margolin (1998), MPDATA: A finite-difference solver for geophysical flows, J. Comp. Phys., 140, 459-480. (Pubitemid 128346388)
    • (1998) Journal of Computational Physics , vol.140 , Issue.2 , pp. 459-480
    • Smolarkiewicz, P.K.1    Margolin, L.G.2
  • 102
    • 0035324968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PHC: A global ocean hydrography with a high-quality Arctic Ocean
    • Steele, M., et al. (2001), PHC: A global ocean hydrography with a high-quality Arctic Ocean, J. Clim., 14, 2079-2087, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001) 0142.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 33045339)
    • (2001) Journal of Climate , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 2079-2087
    • Steele, M.1    Morley, R.2    Ermold, W.3
  • 103
    • 85067708048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workshop on sea-ice thickness measurements from moored ice-profiling sonars: Calibration, data processing and application
    • Geneva, Switzerland
    • Steffen, K. (Ed.) (2004), Workshop on sea-ice thickness measurements from moored ice-profiling sonars: Calibration, data processing and application, Informal Rep. 15/2004, World Clim. Res. Programme, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (2004) Informal Rep. 15/2004, World Clim. Res. Programme
    • Steffen, K.1
  • 104
    • 0034962651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD900719
    • Taylor, K. E. (2001), Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D7), 7183-7192, doi:10.1029/ 2000JD900719.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , Issue.D7 , pp. 7183-7192
    • Taylor, K.E.1
  • 105
    • 0001027152 scopus 로고
    • The thickness distribution of sea ice
    • doi:10.1029/JC080i033p04501
    • Thorndike, A. S., D. S. Rothrock, G. A. Maykut, and R. Colony (1975), The thickness distribution of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 4501-4513, doi:10.1029/JC080i033p04501.
    • (1975) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 4501-4513
    • Thorndike, A.S.1    Rothrock, D.S.2    Maykut, G.A.3    Colony, R.4
  • 106
    • 3342981114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the representation of high latitude processes in the ORCA-LIM global coupled sea ice-ocean model
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.12.009, PII S146350030300074X
    • Timmermann, R., H. Goose, G. Madec, T. Fichefet, C. Ethe, and V. Duliere (2005), On the representation of high latitude processes in the ORCA-LIM global coupled sea ice-ocean model, Ocean Modell., 8, 175-201, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod. 2003.12.009. (Pubitemid 38994781)
    • (2005) Ocean Modelling , vol.8 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 175-201
    • Timmermann, R.1    Goosse, H.2    Madec, G.3    Fichefet, T.4    Ethe, C.5    Duliere, V.6
  • 108
    • 59249097861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. Part 1. Model description and validation
    • doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.10.005
    • Vancoppenolle, M., T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, S. Bouillon, G. Madec, and M. A. Morales Maqueda (2009a), Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. Part 1. Model description and validation, Ocean Modell., 27(1-2), 33-53, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.10.005.
    • (2009) Ocean Modell. , vol.27 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 33-53
    • Vancoppenolle, M.1    Fichefet, T.2    Goosse, H.3    Bouillon, S.4    Madec, G.5    Maqueda, M.A.M.6
  • 109
    • 59249083593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. Part 2. Sensitivity to the ice salinity processes
    • doi:10.1016/j. ocemod.2008.11.003
    • Vancoppenolle, M., T. Fichefet, and H. Goosse (2009b), Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. Part 2. Sensitivity to the ice salinity processes, Ocean Modell., 27, 54-69, doi:10.1016/j. ocemod.2008.11.003.
    • (2009) Ocean Modell. , vol.27 , pp. 54-69
    • Vancoppenolle, M.1    Fichefet, T.2    Goosse, H.3
  • 110
    • 77956285070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating present-day climate with the INMCM4.0 coupled model of the atmospheric and oceanic general circulations
    • Volodin, E. M., N. A. Dianskii, and A. V. Gusev (2010), Simulating present-day climate with the INMCM4.0 coupled model of the atmospheric and oceanic general circulations, Izv., Acad. Sci., USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 46(4), 414-431.
    • (2010) Izv., Acad. Sci., USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys. , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 414-431
    • Volodin, E.M.1    Dianskii, N.A.2    Gusev, A.V.3
  • 111
    • 0025198704 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for thinning of the Arctic ice cover north of Greenland
    • DOI 10.1038/345795a0
    • Wadhams, P. (1990), Evidence for thinning of the Arctic ice cover north of Greenland, Nature, 345, 795-797, doi:10.1038/345795a0. (Pubitemid 20195921)
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , Issue.6278 , pp. 795-797
    • Wadhams, P.1
  • 112
    • 0034670968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence of ice thinning in the Arctic Ocean
    • DOI 10.1029/2000GL011802
    • Wadhams, P., and N. R. Davis (2000), Further evidence of ice thinning in the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(24), 3973-3975, doi:10.1029/ 2000GL011802. (Pubitemid 32285879)
    • (2000) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.27 , Issue.24 , pp. 3973-3975
    • Wadhams, P.1    Davis, N.R.2
  • 113
    • 0026440220 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of GCM simulations of Arctic climate
    • doi:10.1029/91GL03004
    • Walsh, J. E., and R. G. Crane (1992), A comparison of GCM simulations of Arctic climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 29-32, doi:10.1029/91GL03004.
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 29-32
    • Walsh, J.E.1    Crane, R.G.2
  • 114
    • 33847279325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Univ. of Alaska Press, Fairbanks
    • Weeks, W., and W. Hibler III (2010), On Sea Ice, 664 pp., Univ. of Alaska Press, Fairbanks.
    • (2010) On Sea Ice , pp. 664
    • Weeks, W.1    Hibler Iii., W.2
  • 115
    • 13644259914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence of sea ice yield-curve shape on ice thickness
    • Wilchinsky, A. V., and D. L. Feltham (2004), Dependence of sea ice yield-curve shape on ice thickness, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 2852-2856, doi:10.1175/JPO2667.1. (Pubitemid 40231182)
    • (2004) Journal of Physical Oceanography , vol.34 , Issue.12 , pp. 2852-2856
    • Wilchinsky, A.V.1    Feltham, D.L.2
  • 116
    • 0035866867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic sea ice thickness remained constant during the 1990s
    • DOI 10.1029/2000GL012308
    • Winsor, P. (2001), Arctic sea ice thickness remained constant during the 1990s, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(6), 1039-1041, doi:10.1029/2000GL012308. (Pubitemid 32569202)
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 1039-1041
    • Winsor, P.1
  • 117
    • 68649086563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AWI moored ULS data
    • Natl. Snow and Ice Data Cent., Boulder, Colo
    • Witte, H., and E. Fahrbach (2005), AWI Moored ULS Data, Greenland Sea and Fram Strait, 1991-2002, http://nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g02139-aws-moored-uls- data/index.html, Natl. Snow and Ice Data Cent., Boulder, Colo.
    • (2005) Greenland Sea and Fram Strait , pp. 1991-2002
    • Witte, H.1    Fahrbach, E.2
  • 118
    • 42549086994 scopus 로고
    • WMO sea-ice nomenclature, terminology, codes and illustrated glossary
    • World Meteorological Organization Geneva, Switzerland
    • World Meteorological Organization (1985), WMO sea-ice nomenclature, terminology, codes and illustrated glossary, Rep. WMO/DMM/BMO 259-TP-145, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1985) Rep. WMO/DMM/BMO 259-TP-145
  • 119
    • 0016026086 scopus 로고
    • Heat and mass transfer between a rough wall and turbulent flow at high Reynolds and Pcelet numbers
    • doi:10.1017/S0022112074000838
    • Yaglom, A. M., and B. A. Kader (1974), Heat and mass transfer between a rough wall and turbulent flow at high Reynolds and Pcelet numbers, J. Fluid Mech., 62, 601-623, doi:10.1017/S0022112074000838.
    • (1974) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.62 , pp. 601-623
    • Yaglom, A.M.1    Kader, B.A.2
  • 120
    • 67649470573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproduction of the large-scale state of water and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean in 1948-2002: Part I. Numerical model
    • Yakovlev, N. G. (2009), Reproduction of the large-scale state of water and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean in 1948-2002: Part I. Numerical model, Izv., Acad. Sci., USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 45(3), 357-371.
    • (2009) Izv., Acad. Sci., USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys. , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-371
    • Yakovlev, N.G.1
  • 121
    • 28144445322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming of the arctic ice-ocean system is faster than the global average since the 1960s
    • DOI 10.1029/2005GL024216, L19602
    • Zhang, J. (2005), Warming of the arctic ice-ocean system is faster than the global average since the 1960s, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19602, doi:10.1029/2005GL024216. (Pubitemid 41694248)
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32 , Issue.19 , pp. 1-4
    • Zhang, J.1
  • 122
    • 0030867945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On an efficient numerical method for modeling sea ice dynamics
    • doi:10.1029/96JC03744
    • Zhang, J., and W. D. Hibler III (1997), On an efficient numerical method for modeling sea ice dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8691-8702, doi:10.1029/96JC03744.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8691-8702
    • Zhang, J.1    Hibler Iii., W.D.2
  • 123
    • 0035482389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thickness and enthalpy distribution sea-ice model
    • Zhang, J., and D. Rothrock (2001), A thickness and enthalpy distribution sea-ice model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 2986-3001, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2001) 0312.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 33067020)
    • (2001) Journal of Physical Oceanography , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 2986-3001
    • Zhang, J.1    Rothrock, D.2
  • 124
    • 0037983849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates
    • DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(2 003)131<0845:MGSIW A>2.0.CO;2
    • Zhang, J., and D. A. Rothrock (2003), Modeling global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates, Mon. Weather Rev., 131(5), 845-861, doi:10.1175/1520-0493 (2003)1312.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36659042)
    • (2003) Monthly Weather Review , vol.131 , Issue.5 , pp. 845-861
    • Zhang, J.1    Rothrock, D.A.2
  • 125
    • 26444449938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sea ice rheology in numerical investigations of climate
    • DOI 10.1029/2004JC002599, C08014
    • Zhang, J., and D. A. Rothrock (2005), The effect of sea-ice rheology in numerical investigations of climate, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C08014, doi:10.1029/2004JC002599. (Pubitemid 41431105)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.110 , Issue.8 , pp. 1-15
    • Zhang, J.1    Rothrock, D.A.2
  • 126
    • 34250702647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of vertical mixing on the Atlantic Water layer circulation in the Arctic Ocean
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JC003732
    • Zhang, J., and M. Steele (2007), The effect of vertical mixing on the Atlantic water layer circulation in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04S04, doi:10.1029/2006JC003732. (Pubitemid 46951972)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.112 , Issue.4
    • Zhang, J.1    Steele, M.2
  • 127
    • 0033373757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of meso-scale ocean currents on sea ice in high resolution Arctic ice and ocean simulations
    • doi:10.1029/1999JC900158
    • Zhang, Y., W. Maslowski, and A. J. Semtner (1999), Impact of meso-scale ocean currents on sea ice in high resolution Arctic ice and ocean simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 104(C8), 18,409-18,429, doi:10.1029/1999JC900158.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , Issue.C8 , pp. 18409-18429
    • Zhang, Y.1    Maslowski, W.2    Semtner, A.J.3
  • 128
    • 0004186339 scopus 로고
    • translated from Russian by the United State Naval Oceanographic Office and the American Meteorological Society U. S. Navy Electr. Lab., San Diego, Calif
    • Zubov, N. N. (1943), Arctic Ice, translated from Russian by the United State Naval Oceanographic Office and the American Meteorological Society, 491 pp., U. S. Navy Electr. Lab., San Diego, Calif.
    • (1943) Arctic Ice , pp. 491
    • Zubov, N.N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.