Discovering the 'facts of life' following anonymous donor insemination

International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 143-161

  Blyth, Eric ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863329030     PISSN: 13609939     EISSN: 14643707     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/lawfam/ebs006     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Association of Internet Researchers (2002). 'Ethical decision-making and Internet research: Recommendations from the AOIR ethics working committee', http://aoirethics.ijire.net/aoirethicsprintablecopy.pdf (accessed 10 May 2012).
2. Baran, A. and Pannor, R. (1989). Lethal Secrets: The Psychology of Donor Insemination: Problems and Solutions, New York: Warner Books.
3. Barton, M., Walker, K. and Wiesner, B. (1945). 'Artificial Insemination', British Medical Journal 1, 40-43.
4. Becky (2007). untitled DC Network News 29, 1-3.
5. Blane, D. (1996). 'Collecting retrospective data: Development of a reliable method and a pilot study of its use', Social Science and Medicine 42, 751-57.
6. Blyth, E. and Frith, L. (2009). 'Donor-conceived people's access to genetic and biographical history: An analysis of provisions in different jurisdictions permitting disclosure of donor identity', International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 23, 192-210.
7. Blyth, E., Frith, L., Jones, C. and Spiers, J. (2009). 'The role of birth certificates in relation to access to biographical and genetic history in donor conception', International Journal of Children's Rights 17, 207-33.
8. Blyth, E. (2012a). 'Access to genetic and birth origins information for people conceived following third party assisted conception in the United Kingdom', International Journal of Children's Rights.
9. Blyth, E. (2012b). 'Genes R Us? Making sense of genetic and non-genetic kinship relationships following anonymous sperm donation', Reproductive Biomedicine Online, doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.02.010.
10. Brewin, C., Andrews, B. and Gotlib, I. (1993). 'Psychopathology and early experience: A reappraisal of retrospective reports', Psychological Bulletin 113, 82-98.
11. British Psychological Society (2007). Report of the working party for conducting research on the internet: Guidelines for ethical practice in psychological research online, Leicester: British Psychological Society.
12. British Psychological Society (2009). Code of ethics and conduct, Leicester: British Psychological Society.
13. Ciba Foundation (1973). Law and Ethics of A.I.D. and Embryo Transfer, Ciba Foundation Symposium 17 (new series), Amsterdam and New York: Associated Scientific Publishers.
14. Cordray, B. (1999/2000). 'A survey of people conceived through donor insemination', DI Network News 14, 4-5.
15. Crawshaw, M. (2002). 'Lessons from a recent adoption study to identify some of the service needs of, and issues for, donor offspring wanting to know about their donors', Human Fertility 5, 6-12.
16. Crawshaw, M. and Marshall, L. (2008). 'Practice experiences of running UK DonorLink, a voluntary information exchange and contact register for adults related through donor conception', Human Fertility 11, 231-37.
17. Engel, E. (2001). 'Tracing half siblings from the same donor: The issues for counsellors', Journal of Fertility Counselling 8, 15-17.
18. Evans, A., Elford, J. and Wiggins, D. (2008). 'Using the internet for qualitative research' in C. Willig and W. Stainton-Rogers (eds), Of Donor Insemination (DI), London: Sage.
19. Feast, J. (2003). 'Using and not losing the messages from the adoption experience for donor-assisted conception', Human Fertility 6, 41-45.
20. Festing, S. (1999/2000). 'Brothers and sisters have I many', DI Network News 14, 5.
21. Freeman, T., Jadva, V., Kramer, W. and Golombok, S. (2009). 'Gamete donation: Parents' experiences of searching for their child's donor siblings and donor', Human Reproduction 24, 505-16.
22. Gilhooly, K. and Green, C. (1996). 'Protocol analysis: Theoretical background' in J. Richardson (ed), Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods for Psychology and Social Sciences, Leicester: BPS Books, 43-54.
23. Gloger, D. and Sanderson, E. (2006). 'Day the daughters of Donor X finally met', The Mail on Sunday, 21 May. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-387065/Day-daughters-Donor-Xfinally- met.html (accessed 10 May 2012).
24. Goldenberg, S. (2006). 'Who's the daddy?', The Guardian, 3 January http://lifeandhealthguard ian.co.uk/family/story/0,16675,1677034,00.html (accessed 10 May 2012).
25. Gollancz, D. (2007). 'Time to stop lying', The Guardian, 2 August http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/aug/02/childrensservices.humanrights (accessed 10 May 2012).
26. Hamilton, R. and Bowers, B. (2006). 'Internet recruitment and e-mail interviews in qualitative studies', Qualitative Health Research 16, 821-35.
27. Harmon, A. (2005). 'Hello, I'm your sister. Our father is Donor 150', New York Times, 20 November: 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/20/national/ 20siblings.html?pagewanted=1&incamp= article-po (accessed 10 May 2012).
28. Hewitt, G. (2002). 'Missing links: Identity issues of donor-conceived people', Journal of Fertility Counselling 9, 14-20.
29. Illingworth, N. (2001). 'The internet matters: Exploring the use of the internet as a research tool', Sociological Research Online 6, U96-U112. http://www.socresonline.org.uk/6/2/illingworth.html (accessed 10 May 2012).
30. Jadva, V., Freeman, T., Kramer, W. and Golombok, S. (2010). 'Experiences of donor offspring searching for and contacting their donor siblings and donor', Reproductive BioMedicine Online 20, 523-32.
31. Jadva, V., Freeman, T., Kramer, W. and Golombok, S. (2011). 'Sperm and oocyte donors' experiences of anonymous donation and subsequent contact with their donor offspring', Human Reproduction 26, 638-45.
32. Jamieson, L. (2006). 'The DI journey: Pain, loss and discovery: You shall know the truth and the truth shall set you free' in A. McWhinnie (ed), Who am I? Experiences of Donor Conception Leamington Spa: IDREOS Educational Trust.
33. Jones, H. Jr, Cohen, J., Cooke, I., Kempers, R., Brinsden, P. and Saunders, D. (2010). 'IFFS Surveillance 2010', Fertility and Sterility, doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.08.011.
34. Kirkman, M. (2004). 'Saviours and satyrs: Ambivalence in narrative meanings of sperm provision', Culture, Health and Sexuality 6, 319-35.
35. Larkin, M., Watts, S. and Clifton, E. (2006). 'Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis', Qualitative Research in Psychology 3, 102-20.
36. Llewellyn-Smith, J. (2004). 'I searched for Dad and found my secret family', Sunday Times, 25 April 2004.
37. Lorbach, C. (2003). Experiences of Donor Conception: Parents, Offspring and Donors Through the Years, London: Jessica Kingsley.
38. Macpherson, D. (2011). 'British sperm donor fathers seventeen families', Daily Mail, 18 September. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2038701/ Incest-fears-British-spermdonor- fathers-17-families-breach-10-family-limit.html (accessed 10 May 2012).
39. Mahlstedt, P., LaBounty, K. and Kennedy, T. (2010). 'The views of adult offspring of sperm donation: Essential feedback for the development of ethical guidelines within the practice of assisted reproductive technology in the United States', Fertility and Sterility 93, 2236-46.
40. Mann, C. and Stewart, F. (2000). Internet Communication and Qualitative Research: A Handbook for Researching Online, London: Sage.
41. Mar, A. (2006). 'Who's their daddy? Sperm-donor kids find siblings via web site', MTV News, 27 October.
42. McCauliffe, D. (2003). 'Challenging methodological traditions: Research by email', The Qualitative Report 8, 57-69; http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-1/ mcauliffe.pdf.
43. McCoyd, J. and Kerson, T. S. (2006). 'Conducting intensive interviews using e-mail', Qualitative Social Work 5, 389-406.
44. McTavish, A. (2011). 'Human fertilisation and embryology authority: Review of donation policies', British Fertility Society Newsletter, Spring: 5.
45. McWhinnie, A. (ed) (2006). Who am I? Experiences of Donor Conception, Leamington Spa: TDREOS Educational Trust.
46. Mroz, J. (2011). 'One Sperm Donor, 150 Offspring', New York Times, 5 September http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/06/health/06donor.html?-r= 2&pagewanted=all%3Fsrc%3Dtp&smid=fb-share (accessed 10 May 2012).
47. Neisser, U. (1994). 'Self narratives: True and false' in U. Neisser and R. Fivush (eds), The Remembering Self: Construction and Accuracy in the Self-Narrative, New York: Cambridge University Press.
48. New York Times (1992). 'Doctor Is Found Guilty in Fertility Case', New York Times, 5 March. http : //www.nytimes.com /1992 /03/05 /us/doctor-is-found- guilty-in-fertility-case.html?pagewanted =all&src=pm (accessed 10 May 2012).
49. Novaes, S. (1998). 'The medical management of donor insemination' in K. Daniels and E. Haimes (eds), Donor Insemination: International Social Science Perspectives, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 105-30.
50. Parliament of Victoria (2010). 'Inquiry into access by donor-conceived people to information about donors', Interim Report. Law Reform Committee, Melbourne: Parliament of Victoria.
51. Paul, M. and Berger, R. (2007). 'Topic avoidance and family functioning in families conceived with donor insemination', Human Reproduction 22, 2566-71.
52. Pryer, N. (2010). 'Despair of the DNA 'sisters': In a terrible mistake that casts new doubt on DNA profiling, it turns out they weren't related at all', Daily Mail, 22 February. http://www.dailymail .co.uk/femail/article- 1252590/Despair-DNA-sisters-In-terrible-mistake-casts-new-doubt-DNAprofiling- turns-werent-related-all.html (accessed 10 May 2012).
53. Romano, L. (2006). 'Popular donor's family tree may keep on growing', Washington Post, 1 May, A02 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/ article/2006/04/30/AR20060430009 15.html (accessed 10 May 2012).
54. Scheib, J., Riordan, M. and Rubin, S. (2005). 'Adolescents with open-identity sperm donors: Reports from 12 - 17 year olds', Human Reproduction 20, 239-52.
55. Shirley (2007). 'About as good as life gets ⋯', DC Network News 29, 4-5.
56. Shirley's Story (nd). http://www.ukdonorlink.org.uk/story4.asp (accessed 10 May 2012).
57. Skelton, C. (2006). 'Searching for their genes', Vancouver Sun, 22 April http://www .canada.com/vancouversun/news/observer/story.html?id=f0257a1a-b7d4- 4872-a1b2-06747 a933fd (accessed 10 May 2012).
58. Smith, J. (1996). 'Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology', Psychology and Health 11, 261-71.
59. Smith, J. (1999). 'Identity development during the transition to motherhood: An interpretative phenomenological analysis', Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 17, 281-300.
60. Smith, J. and Eatough, V. (2006). 'Interpretative phenomenological analysis' in G. Breakwell, C. Fife-Schaw, S. Hammond and J. Smith (eds), Research Methods in Psychology, 3rd edn, London: Sage, 322-41.
61. Smith, J., Jarman, M. and Osborne, M. (1999). 'Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis' in M. Murray and K. Chamberlain (eds), Qualitative Health Psychology, London: Sage, 53-78.
62. Smith, J. and Osborn, M. (2003). 'Interpretative phenomenological analysis' in J. Smith (ed), Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Methods, London: Sage.
63. Snowden, R., Mitchell, G. and Snowden, E. (1983). Artificial Reproduction: A Social Investigation, London: George Allen and Unwin.
64. Spencer, L. W. (2007). Sperm Donor Offspring: Identity and Other Experiences, Charleston, SC.
65. Stevens, B. (2001). Offspring (video), Toronto: Barna-Alper Productions.