Assessing walking disability in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Volumn 18, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 914-924

  Kieseier, Bernd C ^a   Pozzilli, Carlo ^b  

^a HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

difficulty walking; multiple sclerosis; outcome measurement; patient care management; walking

Indexed keywords

BETA1A INTERFERON;

12 ITEM MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS WALKING SCALE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DISABILITY SEVERITY; DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY; EXPANDED DISABILITY STATUS SCALE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; GAIT; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; INTRARATER RELIABILITY; LIFESTYLE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; WALKING DIFFICULTY; WALKING SPEED;

EID: 84863222609     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: 14770970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1352458512444498     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Gijbels D, Alders G, Van Hoof E, et al. Predicting habitual walking performance in multiple sclerosis: relevance of capacity and self-report measures. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 618-626.
2. Heesen C, Bohm J, Reich C, Kasper J, Goebel M and Gold SM. Patient perception of bodily functions in multiple sclerosis: gait and visual function are the most valuable. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 988-991.
3. Van Asch P. Impact of mobility impairment in multiple sclerosis 2 - patient perspectives. Eur Neurol Rev 2011; 6: 115-120.
4. Scalfari A, Neuhaus A, Degenhardt A, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 10: relapses and long-term disability. Brain 2010; 133: 1914-1929.
5. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983; 33: 1444-1452. (Pubitemid 14237132)
6. Goodkin DE. EDSS reliability. Neurology 1991; 41: 332.
7. Hobart J, Freeman J and Thompson A. Kurtzke scales revisited: the application of psychometric methods to clinical intuition. Brain 2000; 123 (Pt 5): 1027-1040. (Pubitemid 30224198)
8. Fischer JS, Rudick RA, Cutter GR and Reingold SC. The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Measure (MSFC): an integrated approach to MS clinical outcome assessment. National MS Society Clinical Outcomes Assessment Task Force. Mult Scler 1999; 5: 244-250. (Pubitemid 29405620)
9. Gijbels D, Dalgas U, Romberg A, et al. Which walking capacity tests to use in multiple sclerosis? A multicentre study providing the basis for a core set. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 364-371.
10. Phan Ba R, Calay P, Grodent P, et al. Real maximum walking speed on short distance assessed by a corrected version of the Timed 25 Foot Walk Test (T25FW). 26th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis, Gothenburg, Sweden, 13-16 October 2010.
11. Gianfrancesco MA, Triche EW, Fawcett JA, Labas MP, Patterson TS and Lo AC. Speed- and cane-related alterations in gait parameters in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Gait Posture 2011; 33: 140-142.
12. Paltamaa J, West H, Sarasoja T, Wikstrom J and Malkia E. Reliability of physical functioning measures in ambulatory subjects with MS. Physiother Res Int 2005; 10: 93-109.
13. Nilsagard Y, Lundholm C, Gunnarsson LG, and Denison E. Clinical relevance using timed walk tests and 'timed up and go' testing in persons with multiple sclerosis. Physiother Res Int 2007; 12: 105-114.
14. Cohen JA, Cutter GR, Fischer JS, et al. Use of the multiple sclerosis functional composite as an outcome measure in a phase 3 clinical trial. Arch Neurol 2001; 58: 961-967. (Pubitemid 32537471)
15. Nieuwenhuis MM, Van Tongeren H, Sorensen PS and Ravnborg M. The six spot step test: a new measurement for walking ability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006; 12: 495-500. (Pubitemid 44132591)
16. Rosti-Otajarvi E, Hamalainen P, Koivisto K and Hokkanen L. The reliability of the MSFC and its components. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 117: 421-427. (Pubitemid 351643674)
17. Cutter GR, Baier ML, Rudick RA, et al. Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure. Brain 1999; 122 (Pt 5): 871-882. (Pubitemid 29219261)
18. Phan-Ba R, Pace A, Calay P, et al. Comparison of the timed 25-foot and the 100-meter walk as performance measures in multiple sclerosis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2011; 25: 672-679.
19. Gijbels D, Eijnde B and Feys P. Comparison of the 2- and 6-minute walk test in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011; 17: 1269-1272.
20. Morris ME, Cantwell C, Vowels L and Dodd K. Changes in gait and fatigue from morning to afternoon in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72: 361-365.
21. Franceschini M, Rampello A, Bovolenta F, Aiello M, Tzani P and Chetta A. Cost of walking, exertional dyspnoea and fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis not requiring assistive devices. J Rehabil Med 2010; 42: 719-723.
22. Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Arikan H, et al. Six-minute walk distance as a measure of functional exercise capacity in multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil 2005; 27: 1365-1371.
23. Goldman MD, Marrie RA and Cohen JA. Evaluation of the six-minute walk in multiple sclerosis subjects and healthy controls. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 383-390. (Pubitemid 351676433)
24. Belachew S, Calay P, Delvaux V, et al. The timed 100-meter walk test: an easy-to-use sensitive tool to detect and evaluate restricted walking capacities in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2009; 256: S242-S243.
25. Cavanaugh JT, Gappmaier VO, Dibble LE and Gappmaier E. Ambulatory activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Phys Ther 2011; 35: 26-33.
26. Hobart JC, Riazi A, Lamping DL, et al. Measuring the impact of MS on walking ability: the 12-Item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12). Neurology 2003; 60: 31-36. (Pubitemid 36070640)
27. McGuigan C and Hutchinson M. Confirming the validity and responsiveness of the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12). Neurology 2004; 62: 2103-2105. (Pubitemid 38738232)
28. Motl RW, Dlugonski D, Suh Y, Weikert M, Fernhall B and Goldman M. Accelerometry and its association with objective markers of walking limitations in ambulatory adults with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91: 1942-1947.
29. Frol S, Sega Jazbec S, Horvat Ledinek A, Rot U and Koncan Vracko B. Correlation of EDSS and ten meter timed walk in multiple sclerosis patients. 25th Congress of the European Committee for the Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis, Dusseldorf, Germany, 9-12 September 2009.
30. Creange A, Serre I, Levasseur M, et al. Walking capacities in multiple sclerosis measured by global positioning system odometer. Mult Scler 2007; 13: 220-223. (Pubitemid 46592775)
31. Marrie RA and Goldman M. Validity of performance scales for disability assessment in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2007; 13: 1176-1182. (Pubitemid 351541422)
32. Motl RW, Sosnoff JJ, Dlugonski D, Suh Y and Goldman M. Does a waist-worn accelerometer capture intra- and inter-person variation in walking behavior among persons with multiple sclerosis? Med Eng Phys 2010; 32: 1224-1228.
33. Schwid SR, Goodman AD, Mattson DH, et al. The measurement of ambulatory impairment in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1997; 49: 1419-1424. (Pubitemid 27495653)
34. Sosnoff JJ, Weikert M, Dlugonski D, Smith DC and Motl RW. Quantifying gait impairment in multiple sclerosis using GAITRite technology. Gait Posture 2011; 34: 145-147.
35. Vaney C, Blaurock H, Gattlen B and Meisels C. Assessing mobility in multiple sclerosis using the Rivermead Mobility Index and gait speed. Clin Rehabil 1996; 10: 216-226. (Pubitemid 26241676)
36. Weikert M, Suh Y, Lane A, et al. Accelerometry is associated with walking mobility, not physical activity, in persons with multiple sclerosis. Med Eng Phys. doi 10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.09.005.
37. Kierkegaard M, Einarsson U, Gottberg K, von Koch L and Widen Holmqvist L. The relationship between walking, manual dexterity, cognition and activity/participation in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011 October 7. doi 10.1177/1352458511426736.
38. Paltamaa J, Sarasoja T, Leskinen E, Wikstrom J and Malkia E. Measures of physical functioning predict self-reported performance in self-care, mobility, and domestic life in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007; 88: 1649-1657. (Pubitemid 350151390)
39. de Groot V, Beckerman H, Uitdehaag BM, et al. The usefulness of evaluative outcome measures in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006; 129: 2648-2659. (Pubitemid 44522098)
40. Kragt JJ, van der Linden FA, Nielsen JM, Uitdehaag BM and Polman CH. Clinical impact of 20% worsening on Timed 25-foot Walk and 9-hole Peg Test in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006; 12: 594-598. (Pubitemid 46940633)
41. Schwid SR, Goodman AD, McDermott MP, Bever CF and Cook SD. Quantitative functional measures in MS: what is a reliable change? Neurology 2002; 58: 1294-1296. (Pubitemid 34411881)
42. Kaufman M, Moyer D and Norton J. The significant change for the Timed 25-foot Walk in the multiple sclerosis functional composite. Mult Scler 2000; 6: 286-290.
43. Bosma LV, Kragt JJ, Brieva L, et al. Progression on the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite in multiple sclerosis: what is the optimal cut-off for the three components? Mult Scler 2010; 16: 862-867.
44. Hoogervorst EL, Kalkers NF, Cutter GR, Uitdehaag BM and Polman CH. The patient's perception of a (reliable) change in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite. Mult Scler 2004; 10: 55-60. (Pubitemid 38100527)
45. van Winsen LM, Kragt JJ, Hoogervorst EL, Polman CH and Uitdehaag BM. Outcome measurement in multiple sclerosis: detection of clinically relevant improvement. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 604-610.
46. Hobart J. Prolonged-release fampridine for multiple sclerosis: was the effect on walking ability clinically significant? 26th Congress of the European Committee for the Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis, Gothenburg, Sweden, 13-16 October 2010.
47. Sharrack B and Hughes RA. The Guy's Neurological Disability Scale (GNDS): a new disability measure for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 1999; 5: 223-233. (Pubitemid 29405617)
48. Hobart JC, Blight AR, Lynn F, and Putzki N. The Timed 25-foot Walk as an outcome measure for clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS): further evidence that a 20% change is clinically meaningful. J Neurol 2011; 258 (Suppl 1): 150.
49. Paltamaa J, Sarasoja T, Leskinen E, Wikstrom J and Malkia E. Measuring deterioration in international classification of functioning domains of people with multiple sclerosis who are ambulatory. Phys Ther 2008; 88: 176-190. (Pubitemid 351196711)
50. Kempen J, de Groot V, Knol D, Polman C, Lankhorst G and Beckerman H. Community walking can be assessed using a 10-metre timed walk test. Mult Scler 2011; 17: 980-990.
51. Coleman CI, Sobieraj DM and Marinucci LN. Minimally Important Clinical Difference of the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test. Curr Med Res Opin 2012; 28: 49-56.
52. Motl RW, Dlugonski D, Suh Y, et al. Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 and oxygen cost of walking. Gait Posture 2010; 31: 506-510.
53. Daumer M, Neuhaus A, Ullrich D and Albrecht H. The MSFC as outcome and surrogate marker of the EDSS in Multiple Sclerosis clinical trials: results of a prospective longitudinal cohort study. 5th Joint Triennial Congress of the European and Americas Committee for Research and Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 19-22 October 2011.
54. Drake AS, Weinstock-Guttman B, Morrow SA, Hojnacki D, Munschauer FE and Benedict RH. Psychometrics and normative data for the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite: replacing the PASAT with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 228-237.
55. Motl RW, Weikert M, Suh Y, et al. Accuracy of the actibeltR accelerometer for measuring walking speed in a controlled environment among persons with multiple sclerosis. Gait Posture 2012; 35: 192-196.