Estimation of end of life mobile phones generation: The case study of the Czech Republic

Waste Management

Volumn 32, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 1583-1591

  Polák, Miloš ^a,b   Drápalová, Lenka ^a,b  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b REMA System as   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Collection targets; End of life; EoL; Lifespan analysis; Mobile phones; Waste electrical and electronic equipment; Waste generation; WEEE; Weibull distribution

Indexed keywords

END OF LIVES; EOL; LIFE SPAN; WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; WASTE GENERATION; WEEE;

MOBILE DEVICES; MOBILE PHONES; RECYCLING; WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION;

CELLULAR TELEPHONES;

GOLD; SILVER;

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; ESTIMATION METHOD; EUROPEAN UNION; MOBILE COMMUNICATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; RECYCLING; SOLID WASTE; WEIBULL THEORY;

ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CZECH REPUBLIC; ELECTRONIC WASTE; ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; MARKETING; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD; MOBILE PHONE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; RECYCLING; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION;

ALGORITHMS; CELLULAR PHONE; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; CZECH REPUBLIC; ELECTRONIC WASTE; UNCERTAINTY; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

CZECH REPUBLIC;

EID: 84863192615     PISSN: 0956053X     EISSN: 18792456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.028     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. BBC, 2002. A mobile is not just for Christmas. (accessed 04.11.11.). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2603589.stm.
2. Bernard A., Bosi-Levenbach E.C. The plotting of observations on probability paper. Stat Neerlandica 1953, 7:163-173.
3. Chancerel, P., 2010. Substance flow analysis of the recycling of small WEEE Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz Berlin, Dissertation thesis, p. 161.
4. Chung S.S., Lau K.Y., Zhang C. Generation of and control measures for, e-waste in Hong Kong. Waste Manag. 2010, 31:544-554.
5. Crowe M., Elser A., Göpfert B., Mertins L., Meyer T., Schmid J., Spillner A., Ströbel R. Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) - quantities, dangerous substances and treatment methods 2003, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.
6. Czech Statistical Office (CSO), 2010a. Equipment of Households by a Fixed Phone and Mobile Phone (accessed 04.11.11.) (in Czech). http://www.czso.cz/csu/redakce.nsf/i/1_vybavenost_domacnosti_pevnou_telefonni_linkou_a_mobilnim_telefonem.
7. Czech Statistical Office (CSO), 2010b. Online Database for Statistics of Foreign Trade. (accessed 04.11.11) (in Czech). http://apl.czso.cz/pll/stazo/STAZO.STAZO.
8. Directorate General Communication, 2010. E-Communications Household Survey Summary - TNS Opinion & Social, Survey, Eurobarometer. Brussels (accessed 04.11.11). http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_335_sum_en.pdf.
9. Dwivedy M., Mittal R.K. Future trends in computer waste generation in India. Waste Manage. 2010, 30:2265-2277.
10. European Commission (EC), 2010. Critical raw materials for the EU. European Commission. (accessed 04.11.11). http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/report_en.pdf.
11. European Parliament, 2012. (accessed 10.02.12). http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+REPORT+A7-2011-0334+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN#.
12. Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2003, European Commission-RoHS Directive, Brussels, Belgium, European Commission.
13. Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) 2003, European Commission-WEEE Directive, Brussels, Belgium, European Commission.
14. Feszty K., Murchison C., Baird J., Jamnejad G. Assessment of the quantities of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Scotland. Waste Manag. Res. 2003, 21:207-217.
15. Fishbein, B.K., 2002. Waste in the Wireless World: the challenge of cell phones. INFORM, USA. (accessed 04.11.11). http://www.informinc.org/reportpdfs/wp/WasteintheWirelessWorld.pdf.
16. Gaidajis G., Angelakoglou K., Aktsoglou D. E-waste: environmental problems and current management. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. Rev. 2010, 3:193-199.
17. Gartner, 2012. Gartner Says Sales of Mobile Devices in Second Quarter of 2011 Grew 16.5 Percent Year-on-Year; Smartphone Sales Grew 74 Percent. (accessed 15.02.12). http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1764714.
18. Hagelüken C., Corti C. Recycling of gold from electronics: cost effective use through 'Design for Recycling'. Gold Bull. 2010, 43(3):209-220.
19. Huisman, J., 2004. QWERTY and Eco-Efficiency analysis on cellular phone treatment in Sweden. The eco-efficiency of the direct smelter route versus mandatory disassembly of Printed Circuit Boards. Stockholm. (accessed 04.11.11). http://basel.int/industry/qwerty-sweeden.pdf.
20. Huisman J., Magalini F., Kuehr R., Maurer C., Ogilvie S., Poll J., Delgado C., Artim E., Szlezak J., Stevels A. 2008 Review of directive 2002/96 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) final report 2007, United Nations University, Bonn.
21. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2011a. Key 2005-2011 ICT data, by geographic regions and by level of development. (accessed 29.01.12). http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/at_glance/KeyTelecom.html.
22. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2011b Mobile cellular subscriptions Key 2000-2010 country data (Excel format) - Mobile cellular subscriptions (accessed 02.02.12). http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/.
23. Jang Y.C., Kim M. Management of used & end-of-life mobile phones in Korea: a review. Resour. Conserv. Recycling 2010, 55:11-19.
24. Kang H.Y., Schoenung J.M. Estimation of future outflows and infrastructure needed to recycle personal computer systems in California. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 137:1165-1174.
25. Lin C. A model using home appliance ownership data to evaluate recycling policy performance. Resour. Conserv. Recycling 2008, 52:1328-1332.
26. Marcussen, C.H., 2002. Mobile Phones, WAP and the Internet - The European Market and Usage Rates in a Global Perspective 2000-2003. (accessed 14.02.12). http://www.crt.dk/uk/staff/chm/wap/2000.pdf.
27. Markent, 2008. Způsoby nakládání s nefunkčním elektrozařízením - domácnosti v čR. Asekol, Elektrowin, Ekolamp. Praha. (Ways of treatment of non-functional electrical and electronic equipment - Households in the Czech Republic). (in Czech).
28. Mc Laren J., Wright L., Parkinson S., Jackson T. A dynamic life-cycle energy model of mobile phone take-back and recycling. J. Ind. Ecol. 1999, 3:77-91.
29. Mobilesdata.com, 2010. (accessed 04.11.11). http://www.mobilesdata.com/.
30. Most, E., 2003. Calling All Cell Phones: Collection, Reuse, and Recycling Programs in the US. INFORM. New York, USA. (accessed 04.11.11). http://www.informinc.org/calling_cellphones.php.
31. Mueller, D., Cao, B.J., Kongar, E., Altonji, M., Weiner, P-H., Greadel, T.E. 2007. Service lifetimes of mineral end use. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals Resources External Research Program Award Number: 06HQGR0174. (accessed 16.02.2012). http://minerals.usgs.gov/mrerp/reports/Mueller-06HQGR0174.pdf.
32. Murakami S., Oguchi M., Tasaki T., Daigo I., Hashimoto S. Lifespan of commodities, part I: the creation of a database and its review. J. Ind. Ecol. 2010, 14(4):598-612.
33. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2011. Lifespan database for Vehicles, Equipment, and Structures: LiVES. (accessed 04.11.11). http://www.nies.go.jp/lifespan/index-e.html.
34. Nokia, 2005. Life cycle environmental issues of mobile phones. Stage I Final Report. Espoo. (accessed 04.11.11). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ipp/pdf/nokia_mobile_05_04.pdf.
35. Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009. Method to measure the amount of WEEE generated. Nordic Council of Ministers. (accessed 04.11.11). http://www.norden.org/en/publications/publications/2009-548.
36. Oguchi M., Kameya T., Yagi S., Urano K. Product flow analysis of various consumer durables in Japan. Resour. Conserv. Recycling 2008, 3:463-480.
37. Oguchi M., Murakami S., Tasaki T., Daigo I., Hashimoto S. Lifespan of commodities, part II: methodologies for estimating lifespan distribution of commodities. J. Ind. Ecol. 2010, 14(4):613-626.
38. Ongondo F.O., Williams I.D. Greening academia: use and disposal of mobile phones among university students. Waste Manag. 2011, 31:1617-1634.
39. Osibanjo O., Nnorom I.C. Material flows of mobile phones and accessories in Nigeria: environmental implications and sound end-of-life management options. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2008, 28(2-3):198-213.
40. Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 2011. RICS draft information paper - Rare Earth Metals. (accessed 04.11.11). https://consultations.rics.org/consult.ti/_rem/viewCompoundDoc?docid=921940.
41. Seger, J., 1988. Statistické metody pro ekonomy průmyslu. (Statistical methods for industrial economists). Státní nakladatelství technické literatury Alfa, Praha. 545 p. (in Czech).
42. Steubing B., Boni H., Schluep M., Silva U., Ludwig C. Assessing computer waste generation in Chile using material flow analysis. Waste Manag. 2010, 30:473-482.
43. Tasaki T., Takasuga T., Osako M., Sakai S. Substance flow analysis of brominated flame retardants and related compounds in waste TV sets in Japan. Waste Manag. 2004, 24(6):571-580.
44. T-Mobile Czech Republic, 2011. (accessed 06.02.12). http://storage.prosvetkolemnas.cz/contentresources/Den-mobilni-etikety-na-podporu-recyklace-14-19.pdf.
45. UNEP, 2009. MPPI: Guideline on the awareness raising-design considerations. (accessed 14.03.12). http://archive.basel.int/industry/mppiwp/guid-info/guiddesign.pdf.
46. UNU, 2007. Recycling Of Europe's Electronic Waste Needs Improvement, UN Report Urges, Science Daily. (accessed 04.11.11). http://www.sciencedaily.com.
47. Van der Voet E., Kleijn R., Huele R., Ishikawa M., Verkuijlen E. Predicting future emissions based on characteristics of stocks. Ecol. Econ. 2002, 41:223-234.
48. Vaněček P. TNS Aisa 2011, Personal Communication.
49. Walk W. Forecasting quantities of disused household CRT appliances - a regional case study approach and its application to Baden-Wurttemberg. Waste Manag. 2009, 29:945-951.
50. Yang Y., Williams E. Logistic model-based forecast of sales and generation of obsolate computers in the U.S. Technol. Forecasting Soc. Change 2009, 76:1105-1114.
51. Yoshida A., Tasaki T., Terazono A. Material flow analysis of used personal computers in Japan. Waste Manag. 2009, 29:1602-1614.
52. Yu J., Williams E., Ju M. Analysis of material and energy consumption of mobile phones in China. Energy Policy 2010, 38:4135-4141.
53. Zhang L.F., Xie M., Tang L.C. Bias correction for the least squares estimator of Weibull shape parameter with complete and censored data. Reliability Eng. Syst. Saf. 2006, 91:930-939.