Bovine mastitis: An Asian perspective

Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 454-476

  Sharma, Neelesh ^a   Rho, Gyu Jin ^d   Hong, Yeong Ho ^b   Kang, Tae Young ^a   Lee, Hak Kyo ^c   Hur, Tai Young ^e   Jeong, Dong Kee ^a  

^a Jeju National University   (South Korea)

^b Chung Ang University   (South Korea)

^c Hankyong National University   (South Korea)

^d Gyeongsang National University   (South Korea)

^e National Institute of Animal Science   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Asia; Bovine mastitis; Etiology; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOS; BOVINAE; BUBALUS; CORYNEBACTERIUM; ESCHERICHIA COLI; KLEBSIELLA; MAMMALIA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS;

EID: 84863169841     PISSN: 16839919     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2012.454.476     Document Type: Article

References (157)

1. Abdel-Rady, A. and M. Sayed, 2009. Epidemiological studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Assiut Governorate. Yet. World, 2: 373-380.
2. Ahire, S.J., R.A. Nale, D.G. Dighe, D.V. Keskar and A. Samad, 2008. Bacterial flora in udder secretion of buffaloes during dry period. Indian J. Vet. Med., 28: 61-62.
3. Ali, L., G. Mohammad, M. Arshad, M. Saqib and I.J. Hassan, 2008. Bacteriology of mastitis in buffaloes in tehsil samundri of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pak. Vet. J., 28: 31-33.
4. Ali, M.A., M.D. Ahmad, K. Muhammad and A.A. Anjum, 2011. Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes of Punjab, Pakistan. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 21: 477-480.
5. Anon, 1963. Annual Technical Report. Indian Council of Agricultural Research 1960-61.
6. Anwar, M. and A.Q. Chaudhry, 1983. Subclinical mastitis in buffaloes around Lahore. Pak. Vet. J., 3: 142-142.
7. Athar, M., 2007. Preparation and evaluation of inactivated polyvalent vaccines for the control of mastitis in dairy buffaloes. Ph.D Thesis, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty Veterinary Science University Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
8. Atyabi, N., M. Vojgani and F. Gharagozloo, 2002. Frequency of bacterial infections caused cattle mastitis in Tehran, Iran. Proceedings of the Book of abstracts of 27th World Veterinary, September 25-29, 2002, Tunis, Tunisia, pp: 107-109.
9. Awad, F.I., A. El-Molla, A. Fayed, M.A. El-Halim and M. Refai, 1980. Studies of mycotic mastitis in Egypt. J. Egypt. Vet. Med. Assoc., 40: 35-41.
10. Bachaya, H.A., Z. Iqbal, G. Muhammad, A. Yousaf and H.M. Ali, 2005. Sub-clinical mastitis in Attock District of Punjab (Pakistan). Pak. Vet. J., 25: 134-136.
11. Bachaya, H.A., M.A. Raza, S. Murtaza and I.U.R. Akbar, 2011. Subclinical bovine mastitis in muzaffar garh district of Punjab (Pakistan). J. Anim. Plant Sci., 21: 16-19.
12. Bansal, B.K., K.B. Singh, R. Rohan, D.V. Joshi, D.C. Nauriyal and R. Mohan, 1995. Incidence of sub-clinical mastitis in some cows and buffalo herds in Punjab. J. Res., 32: 79-81.
13. Barkema, H.W., Y.H. Schukken, T.J. Lam, M.L. Beiboer, G. Benedictus and A. Brand, 1999. Management practices associated with the incidence rate of clinical mastitis. J. Dairy Sci, 82: 1643-1654.
14. Beck, C.C, 1957. Mycotic mastitis in cattle. Mich. State Vet, 17: 82-88.
15. Beheshti, R, J. Shaieghi, B. Eshratkhah, J.G. Ghalehkandi and N. Maheri-Sis, 2010. Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in Buffalo of the Tabriz region, Iran. Global Vet, 4: 299-302.
16. Bhikane, A.U, L.G. Anantwar, G.U. Yadav, N.M. Markandeya and Y.T. Deshmukh, 2002. Incidence of clinical mastitis in ruminants: A study of 68 cases. Proceeding of the Round Table Conference on Mastitis, Feburary 4-5, 2002, Nagpur, M.S. India, pp: 133-134.
17. Biffa, D, E. Debela and F. Beyene, 2005. Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in lactating dairy cows in Southern Ethiopia. Int. J. Applied Res. Vet. Med, 3: 189-198.
18. Blum, S, M. Freed, N. Zukin, A. Shwimmer and L. Weissblit et al., 2010. Bovine subclinical mastitis caused by Mannheimia granulomatis. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest, 22: 995-999.
19. Bradley, A.J., 2002. Bovine mastitis: An evolving disease. Yet. J., 164: 116-128.
20. Braun, von J., 2010. The rôle of livestock production for a growing world population. Lohmann Inf, 45: 3-9.
21. Chahar, A., A.K. Gahlot, R.K. Tanwar and Fakhruddin, 2008. Evaluation of different screening tests for diagnosis of sub clinical mastitis in cattle. Indian J. Yet. Med., 28: 91-93.
22. Chahota, R., R. Katoch, A. Mahajan and S. Yerma, 2001. Clinical bovine mastitis caused by Geotrichum candidum. Veterinarski Arhiv., 71: 197-201.
23. Chaudhry, N.A. and B.B. Khan, 1978. Estimation of economic losses due to animal diseases in Punjab Final Report Of Research Project. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
24. Cheng, D.R., S.Y. Zhu, Y. Yin, W.W. Ding, Z.X. Mu, Z.R. Su and H.C. Sun, 2010. Prevalence of bacterial infection responsible for bovine Mastitis. African J. Microbiol. Res., 4: 1110-1116.
25. Chrishty, M.A., M. Arshad, M. Avais, S. Hameed and M. Ijaz, 2007. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies on mastitis in cattle and buffaloes of Tehsil Gojra, Pakistan. Buffalo Bull., 26: 50-55.
26. Compton, C.W.R., C. Heuer, K. Parker and S. Mc-Dougall, 2007. Risk factors for peripartum mastitis in pasture-grazed dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 4171-4180.
27. Corbett, R., 2009. Minimizing the effects of immunosuppression through management and nutrition. Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the NMC, January 25-28, 2009, Charlotte, NC., pp: 113-119.
28. Costa, E.O., C.R. Gandra, M.F. Pires, S.D. Coutinho and C.M. Teixeira, 1993. Survey of bovine mycotic mastitis in dairy herds in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mycopathol., 124: 13-17.
29. Cruz, L.C., 2010. Recent developments in the buffalo industry of Asia. Proceeding of the 9th World Buffalo Congress, April 25-28, 2010, Argentina, pp: 7-19.
30. Das, P.K. and E. Joseph, 2005. Identification and antibigram of microbes associated with buffalo mastitis in jabalpur, madhya pradesh, India. Buffalo Bull., 24: 3-9.
31. De Casia dos Santos, R. and J.M. Marin, 2005. Isolation of Candida spp. from mastitic bovine milk in Brazil. Mycopathologia, 159: 251-253.
32. Dhakal, I.P. and B.B. Thapa, 2002. Economic impact of clinical mastitis in the buffaloes in Nepal. Buffalo J., 2: 225-234.
33. Dhakal, I.P., 2006. Normal somatic cell count and subclinical mastitis in murrah buffaloes. J. Vet. Med. Ser. B, 53: 81-86.
34. Dhakal, I.P., P. Dhakal, T. Koshihara and H. Nagahata, 2007. Epidemiological and bacteriological survey of buffalo mastitis in Nepal. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 69: 1241-1245.
35. Dhanda, M.R. and M.S. Sethi, 1962. Investigation of Mastitis in India. Icar Res. Series No. 35, New Delhi, India.
36. Doane, R.M., S.P. Oliver, R.D. Walker and E.P. Shull, 1987. Experimental infection of lactating bovine mammary glands with Streptococcus uberis in quarters colonized by Corynebacterium bovis. Am. J. Vet. Res., 48: 749-754.
37. Doherr, M.G., M. Roesch, W. Schaeren, M. Schallibaum and J.W. Blum, 2007. Risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows on Swiss organic and convention al production system farms. Vet. Med., 52: 487-495.
38. Dua, K., 2001. Incidence, etiology and estimated economic losses due to mastitis in Punjab and in India-An update. Indian Dairyman, 53: 41-48.
39. Dutta, J.B., 2009. Coagulase negative staphylococci from bovine sub clinical mastitis. Proceedings of the 27th ISVM International Summit and Convention at Chennai, Feburary 19-21, 2009, Tamilnadu, India, pp: 19-23.
40. Ebrahimi, A. and F. Nokookhan, 2005. Identification of fungal agents in milk samples of mastitic cows. Indian Yet. J., 82: 52-54.
41. Ebrahimi, A., K.H.P. Kheirabadi and F. Nikookhah, 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility of environmental bovine mastitis pathogen in West central Iran. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci, 10: 3014-3016
42. FAO., 2007. State of the World's Farm Animal Genetic Resources, http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1250e/a1250e00.htm
43. FAO, 2009. The State of Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
44. FAO., 2010. Production Yearbook. http://www.fao.org/economic/the-statistics-division-ess/publications-studies/statistical-yearbook/the-fao-production-yearbook/en/
45. Fadlelmula, A., A.M. Al Dughaym, G.E. Mohamed, M.K. Al-Deib and A.J. Al-Zubaidy, 2009. Bovine mastitis: Epidemiological, clinical and etiological study in a Saudi Arabian large dairy farm. Bulg. J. Yet. Med., 12: 199-206.
46. Fang, W., C. Jiang and H. Liu, 1993. Epidemiologic aspects of bovine mastitis and its control in several dairy herds in southeastern China. Prev. Vet. Med., 15: 169-180.
47. Ghazaei, C., 2006. Detection of mycoplasmal mastitis and determination of its prevalence rate in dairy cattle herds in Ardabil State. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 5: 280-283.
48. Ghose, B. and R. Sharda, 2003. Bovine mastitis due to Micrococcaceae: Isolation and antibiogram. Proceedings of the 4th Round Table Conference on Mastitis, April 14-15, 2003, Palampur, HP, India, pp: 171-174.
49. Gitto, G., R.J. Reiter, M. Karbownik, D.X. Tan, P. Gitto, S. Barberi and I. Barberi, 2002. Causes of oxidative stress in the pre and perinatal period. Biol. Neonate, 81: 146-157.
50. Godden, S., P. Rapnicki, S. Stewart, J. Fetrow, A. Johnson, R. Bey and R. Farnsworth, 2003. Effectiveness of an internai teat seal in the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry and early-lactation periods in dairy cows when used with a dry cow intramammary antibiotic. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 3899-3911.
51. Hamann, J., C. Burvenich, M. Mayntz, O. Osteras and W. Halder, 1994. Machine-induced changes in the status of the bovine teat tissue with respect to new infection risk. IDF Bull., 297: 13-22.
52. Harmon, R.J., 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. J. Dairy Sci., 77: 2103-2112.
53. Hashmi, H.A. and M.A. Muneer, 1981. Sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes at Lahore. Pak. Vet. J., 1: 164-164.
54. Hussain, M., N. Khalid and I. Naeem, 1984. Subclinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes, identification and drug sensitivity of causative organisms. Pak. Vet. J., 4: 161-164.
55. Iqbal, M., M.A. Khan, B. Daraz and U. Saddique, 2004. Bacteriology of mastitic milk and in vitro antibiogram of the isolâtes. Pak. Vet. J., 24: 161-164.
56. Islam, M.R., M.S. Ahamed, M.S. Alam, M.M. Rahman, T. Sultana, Y.S. Roh and B. Kim, 2011. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative organisms of sub-clinical mastitis in goats and sheep. Pak. Vet. J.
57. Jain, N.C., 1979. Common mammary pathogens and factors in infection and mastitis. J. Dairy Sci., 52: 128-134.
58. Javed, I. and M. Siddique, 1999. Some epidemiological aspect of mastitis in cows and biocharacterization of isolated Staphylococci. Pak. Vet. J., 19: 149-154.
59. Jemeljanovs, A, J. Bluzmanis and I.H. Konosonoka, 2002. Cow's udder acute and subacute inflammation, its reasons. Proceedings of the Book of Abstracts of 27th World Veterinary. September 25-29, 2002, Tunis, Tunisia, pp: 208.
60. Jemeljanovs, A, I.H. Konosonoka, J. Bluzmanis and D. Ikauniece, 2008. Changes of Mastitis Pathogen Spectrum in Dairy Herds of Lative. In: Mastitis Control from Science to Practice, Lam, T.J.G.M. (Ed.). Wageningen Academic Publisher, Netherlands, pp: 83.
61. Jha, N.K, O.P. Sinha and D.K. Thakur, 2004. Comparative chemotherapeutic study of mastitis. Proceeding of 5th Round Table Conference on Mastitis, February 27-28, 2004, IVRI, Izatnagar, India, pp: 49-55.
62. Kader, M.A, M.A. Samad, S. Saha and M.A. Taleb, 2002. Prevalence and etiology of sub clinical mastitis with antibiotic sensitivity to isolated organisms among milch cows in Bangladesh. Ind. J. Dairy Sci, 55: 218-223.
63. Kang-Hee, J, H. Kim-Jin, G. Son-Won, S. Lee-Du and H.J. Kang et al., 2001. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms. Korean J. Vet. Res, 41: 511-521.
64. Karimuribo, E.D, J.L. Fitzpatrick, C.E. Bell, E.S. Swai and D.M. Kambarage et al., 2006. Clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania: Risk, intervention and knowledge transfer. Preventive Vet. Med, 74: 84-98.
65. Khan, A.Z. and G. Mohammad, 2005. Quarter-wise comparative prevalence of mastitis in buffaloes and crossbred cows. Pakistan Vet. J, 25: 9-12.
66. Kheirabadi, P, A. Ebrahimi and F. Barati, 2008. Prevalence, contagious pathogens and antibiotic susceptibilies of sub clinical bovine mastitis. Indian Vet. J, 85: 375-377.
67. Kirk, J.H. and P.C. Bartlett, 1986. Bovine mycotic mastitis. Comp. Food. Anim, 8: 106-110.
68. Kossaibati, M.A. and R.J. Esslemont, 1997. The costs of production diseases in dairy herds in England. Vet. J, 154: 41-51.
69. Krithiga, N, P.X. Antony, H.K. Mukhopadhyay, R.M. Pillai, P. Vijayalakshmi, J. Thanislass and K.V. Subbareddy, 2011. Species characterization and antibiogram profile of staphylococci isolâtes in clinical bovine mastitis. Anim. Sci. Rep, 5: 3-8.
70. Kumar, B, 1988. Studies on incidence, chemotherapy and control of mastitis in cattle and buffalo. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
71. Kumar, S, 1990. Studies on mastitis in buffaloes with emphasis on resistance, chemotherapy and control. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
72. Kumar, R. and A. Sharma, 2002. Prevalence, etiology and antibiogram of mastitis in cows and buffaloes in Hissar, Haryana. Ind. J. Anim. Sci, 72: 361-363.
73. Kumar, M, P. Goel, A. Sharma and A. Kumar, 2009. Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in cows at a Goshala. Proceedings of Compendium of 27th ISVM International Summit and Convention at Chennai, February 2009, Tamilnadu, India, pp: 4.
74. Kumar, G.S.N, M.M. Appannavar, M.D. Suranagi and A.M. Kotresh, 2010. Study on incidence and economies of clinical mastitis. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci, 23: 407-408.
75. Larsen, B, N.E. Jensen, P. Madse, S.M. Nielsen, O. KLastrup and P.S. Madsen, 1985. Association of the M blood group system with bovine mastitis. Anim. Blood Groups Biochem. Genet, 16: 165-173.
76. Li, J.P, H.J. Zhou, L. Yuan, T. He and S.H. Hu, 2009. revalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Zhejiang Province, China. J. Zhejiang University Sci. B, 10: 753-760.
77. Lim, H.U., J.H. Kim and K.S. Kim, 1988. Studies on bovine mastitis in Cheju Province. Korean J. Yet. Public Health, 12: 193-199.
78. Liu, W.J., C.F. Chen, W.J. Teng, J. Wu and X.Y. Ren, 2005. Investigation on mastitis pathogens for diary cattle in Xinjiang. Ecol. Domestic Anim., Yol. 26.
79. Liu, D.C., Y. Cheng and Z.Y. Zhang, 2006. Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity test of the pathogenic bacteria of cow subclinical mastitis in Huhhaote Area. China Anim. Husbandry Vet. Med, 33: S85-S87.
80. Mahbub-E-Elahi, A.T.M, M.A. Rahman, M.M. Rahman, M.M. Rahman, M. M. Rahman and M.A.M. Proklhan, 1996. Isolation and identification of Bacteria from different quarters of mastitis affected Dairy cows in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Vet, 30: 63-65.
81. McDonald, J.S, 1977. Streptococcal and staphylococcal mastitis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc, 170: 1157-1159.
82. Mein, G.A, F. Neijenhuis, W.F. Morgan, D.J. Reinemann and J.E. Hillerton et al., 2001. Evaluation of bovine teat condition in commercial dairy herds: 1. Non-infectious factors. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Mastitis and Milk Quality, NMC/AABP, Vancouver, (MMQ'01), National Mastitis Council Inc, Madison, WI, pp: 347-351.
83. Miller, G.Y, P.C. Barlet, S.E. Lance, J. Anderson and L.E. Heider, 1993. Cost of clinical masititis and mastitis prevention in dairy herds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc, 202: 1230-1236.
84. Misra, P.R, P.K. Roy and K.L. Das, 1993. Bovine mastitis in Orissa: Predominant microflora and antibiotic sensitivity test pattern. Indian J. Dairy Sci, 46: 543-543.
85. Moon, J.S, A.R. Lee, H.M. Kang, E.S. Lee and M.N. Kim et al., 2007. Phenotypic and genetic antibiogram of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in Korea. J. Dairy Sci, 90: 1176-1185.
86. Munda, V, A. Prasad, B.K. Tiwary and D. Mahto, 2007. Sub clinical bacterial mastitis in cows and buffaloes in Ranchi District. Vet. World, 5: 375-376.
87. Myllys, V. and H. Rautala, 1995. Characterization of clinical mastitis in primiparous heifers. J. Dairy Sci, 78: 538-545.
88. Nakajima, Y, O. Mikami, M. Yoshioka and Y. Motoi, 1997. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor- a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities in the sera and milk of cows with naturally occurring coliform mastitis. Res. Vet. Sci, 62: 297-298.
89. Nam, H.M, J.M. Kim, S.K. Lim, K.C. Jang and S.C. Jung, 2010. Infectious aetiologies of mastitis on Korean dairy farms during 2008. Res. Vet. Sci, 88: 372-374.
90. Nauriyal, D.S, 1996. Profile studies in bovine mastitis with special reference to therapeutic consideration of vitamin E and selenium. Ph.D. Thesis, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agric. and Tech, Pantnagar, India.
91. Nickerson, S.C, 1989. Immunological aspects of mammary in volution. J. Dairy Sci, 72: 1665-1678.
92. Nooruddin, M, M.L. Ali and N.C. Debnath, 1997. Retrospective epidemiologic study of periparturient diseases in dairy cows. Clinical mastitis. Bangladesh Vet, 14: 43-47.
93. Osteras, O, L. Solverod and O. Reksen, 2006. Milk culture results in a large norwegian survey-effects of season, parity, days in milk, resistance and clustering. J. Dairy Sci, 89: 1010-1023.
94. Pal, B, B.B. Verma and R.S. Prasad, 1989. A note on diagnosis of sub clinical bovine mastitis and in vitro drug sensitivity test of bacterial isolates. Indian Vet. J, 66: 785-787.
95. Palanivel, K.M., R.Y. Suresh, R. Jayakumar, P.I. Ganesan and P. Dhanapalan, 2008. Retrospective study of sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes. Indian J. Yet. Med., 28: 34-36.
96. Park, Y.K., H.C. Koo, S.H. Kim, S.Y. Hwang and W.K. Jung et al., 2007. The analysis of milk components and pathogenic bacteria isolated from bovine raw milk in Korea. J. Dairy Sci, 90: 5405-5414.
97. Patel, P.R, S.K. Raval, N. Rao, G.C. Mandali and R.G. Jani, 2000. Status of mastitis in Gujarat State. Proceedings of the Round Table Conference of the Indian Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Research (IAAVR) on Mastitis, February 18-19, 2000, IVRI, Izatnagar, India, pp: 45-52.
98. Peeler, E.J, M.J. Green, J.L. Fitzpatrick, K.L. Morgan and L.E. Green, 2000. Risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in low somatic cell count British dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 83: 2464-2472.
99. Pittkala, A., M. Haveris, S. Pyorala, V. Myllys and T.H. Buzalski, 2004. Bovine mastitis in finland 2001-prevalence, distribution of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance. J. Dairy Sci., 87: 2433-2442.
100. Prabhakar, S.K, 1986. Studies on clinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
101. Prodhan, M.A.M, A.H.M. Kamal and A.T.M. Mahabub-e-Elahi, 1996. Study on the prevalence of sub-clinical Mastitis in cows of Bangladesh Milk-shed Area. Bangladesh Vet. J, 30: 59-61.
102. Radostits, O.M, C.C. Gay, D.C. Blood and K.W. Hinchkliff, 2000. A Text Book of Veterinary Medicine. 9th Edn, W.B. Saunders, New York, pp: 563-618.
103. Rahman, M.A, M.M.U. Bhuiyan, M.M. Kamal and M. Shamsuddin, 2009. Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows. Bangladesh Vet, 26: 54-60.
104. Rahman, M.M, M.R. Islam, M.B. Uddin and M. Aktaruzzaman, 2010. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows reared in Sylhet District of Bangladesh. Int. J. BioRes, 103: 23-28.
105. Rajala-Schultz, P.J, K.L. Smith, J.S. Hogan and B.C. Love, 2004. Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens from first lactation and older cows. Vet. Microbiol, 102: 33-42.
106. Ranjan, R, M.K. Gupta, S. Singh and S. Kumar, 2010. Current trend of drug sensitivity in bovine mastitis. Vet. World, 3: 17-20.
107. Ranjan, R, M.K. Gupta and K.K. Singh, 2011. Study of bovine mastitis in different climatic conditions in Jharkhand, India. Vet. World, 4: 205-208.
108. Rashid, A, 2001. Studies on mastitis among dairy buffaloes. Pak. Vet. J, 21: 220-221.
109. Rehman, F, 1995. Studies on I Evaluation of surf field mastitis test for the detection of sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes and cattles, II Antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens. M.Sc. Thesis, University of the Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
110. Sahoo, S.S, N. Sahoo and G.S. Parida, 2009. Antibiogram of bacterial isolâtes from bovine subclinical mastitis. Indian Vet. J, 86: 100-101.
111. Said, A.H. and A.S. Abd-el-Malik, 1968. Diagnosis, incidence and treatment of sub-clinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. J. Vet. Sci. (United Arab Republic), 5: 171-181.
112. Samanta, A, S. Prasad and C.P. Ghos, 2006. Incidence of sub-clinical mastitis in Karan Swiss and Karan Fries crossbred cows. Indian J. Dairy Sci, 59: 13-18.
113. Schalm, O.W, E.J. Caroll and N.C. Jain, 1971. Bovine Mastitis. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, Pages: 360.
114. Schultz, L.H, R.W. Brown, D.E. Jasper, R.W.M. Berger and R.P. Natzke et al., 1978. Current Concepts of Bovine Mastitis. 2nd Edn, The National Mastitis Council, Inc, Washington DC, USA, pp: 6-9.
115. Sharif, A, M. Umer and G. Muhammad, 2009. Mastitis control in dairy production. J. Agric. Soc. Sci, 5: 102-105.
116. Sharma, A. and B. Prasad, 2003. Prevalence and therapy of mastitis in dairy animais of Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh. Proceeding of 4th Round Table Conference on Mastitis, April 14-15, 2003, Palampur, H.P. (India).
117. Sharma, A. and M.P. Kapoor, 2000. Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in buffaloes. Proceeding of Round Table Conference on Mastitis, Feb. 18-19, Izatnagar, India, pp: 8-11.
118. Sharma, A.K. and B. Prasad, 2002. Microbial profile and antibiogram studies in mastitic dairy animais of Palampur of H.P. Proceedings of lOth Indian Society of Veterinary Medicine, Feb. 14-16, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India, pp: 93-93.
119. Sharma, D.K, P.K. Jallewar and K.K. Sharma, 2010. Antibiogram of bacteria isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. Indian Vet. J, 87: 407-407.
120. Sharma, H, S.K. Maiti and K.K. Sharma, 2007. Prevalence, etiology and antibiogram of microorganisms associated with sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes in durg, chhattisgarh state. Int. J. Dairy Sci, 2: 145-151.
121. Sharma, M, R.C. Katoch, K.B. Nagal and D.S. Sambyal, 1993. Studies on the prevalence of mastitis in an organized dairy farm at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Dairy Sci, 46: 37-38.
122. Sharma, N. and S.K. Maiti, 2010. Incidence, etiology and antibiogram of sub clinical mastitis in cows in durg, Chhattisgarh. Indian J. Vet. Res, 19: 45-54.
123. Sharma, N. and V. Vohra, 2011. An update on bovine mastitis in India. Proceedings of the llth Indian Veterinary Congress and XVIII Annual Conference of IAAVR, February 11-12, 2011, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, pp: 20-24.
124. Sharma, N, 2010. Economically important production diseases of dairy animais, lst Edn, Published by Sarva Manav Vikash Samiti, Gurgoan, India, pp: 47-65.
125. Sharma, N, 2003. Epidemiological investigation on subclinical mastitis in dairy animais: Role of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on its control. MVSc. Thesis, IGKW, Raipur, India.
126. Sharma, N, 2007. Alternative approach to control intramammary infection in dairy cows: A review. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv, 2: 50-62.
127. Sharma, N, 2008. Foot and mouth disease-mastitis cascade in dairy cattle: A field study. Int. J. Zool. Res, 4: 64-67.
128. Sharma, N, A. Gautam, S.R. Upadhyay, K. Hussain, J.S. Soodan and S.K. Gupta, 2006. Role of antioxidants in udder health: A review. Ind. J. Field Vet, 2: 73-76.
129. Sharma, N, A.K. Srivastava, G. Bacic, D.K. Jeong and R.K. Sharma, 2012. Epidemiology. Bovine Mastits Satish Serial Publishing House, Delhi, India, pp: 231-312.
130. Sharma, N, N.K. Singh and M.S. Bhadwal, 2011a. Relationship of somatic cell count and mastitis: An overview. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci, 24: 429-438.
131. Sharma, N, N.K. Singh, O.P. Singh, V. Pandey and P.K. Verma, 2011b. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status during transition period in dairy cow. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci, 24: 479-484.
132. Sharma, N, S.K. Maiti and K.M. Koley, 2004. Studies on the incidence of sub clinical mastitis in buffaloes of Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh state. Vet. Practitioner, 5: 123-124.
133. Sharma, N., S.K. Maiti and S. Roy, 2003. Role of vitamin E in the control of mastitis in dairy cows. Yet. Practitioner, 4: 140-143.
134. Sharma, S.D. and P. Rai, 1977. Studies on the incidence of bovine mastitis in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Yet. J, 54: 435-439.
135. Shathele, M.S, 2009. Weather effect on bacterial mastitis in dairy cows. Int. J. Dairy Sci, 4: 57-66.
136. Shukla, S.K, V.P. Dixit, D.C. Thapiyal and A. Kumar, 1998. Bacteriological studies of mastitis in dairy cows. Indian Vet. Med. J, 22: 261-264.
137. Singh, J.L, Y.P.S. Dabas, P.K. Singh, S.K. Shukla, R.S. Gupta, A. Garg and S. Kumar, 2003. Therapeutic evaluation of cloxacillin and colistin sulphate combination in various types of clinical mastitis in buffaloes. Intas Polivet, 4: 305-308.
138. Singh, N, Y.K. Sharma, H.B. Rajani and Y.R. Sinha, 1982. Incidence, economy and test efficacy of subclinical mastitis in dairy animais. Indian Vet. J, 59: 693-696.
139. Singh, P.J, 1991. Studies on mastitis at machine milked farms in Punjab. MVSc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
140. Smith, K.L, D.A. Todhunter and P.S. Schoenberger, 1985. Environmental pathogens and intramammary infection during the dry period. J. Dairy Sci, 68: 402-417.
141. Sordillo, L.M, N. O'Boyle, J.C. Gandy, C.M. Corl and E. Hamilton, 2007. Shifts in thioredoxin reductase activity and oxidant status in mononuclear cells obtainedfrom transition dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci, 90: 1186-1192.
142. Sudhan, N.A. and N. Sharma, 2010. Mastitis: An important production disease of dairy animais, lst Edn, Published by Sarva Manav Vikash Samiti, Gurgoan, India, pp: 72-88.
143. Sudhan, N.A, R. Singh, M. Singh and J.S. Soodan, 2005. Studies on prevalence, etiology and diagnosis of sub clinical mastitis among cross bred cows. Indian J. Anim. Res, 39: 127-130.
144. Taponen, S, H. Simojoki, M. Haveri, H.D. Larsen and S. Pyorala, 2006. Clinical characteristics and persistence of bovine mastitis caused by different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci identified with API or AFLP. Vet. Microbiol, 115: 199-207.
145. Tenhagen, B.A, G. Koster, J. Wallmann and W. Heuwieser, 2006. Prevalence of mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in dairy cows in Brandenburg. Germany J. Dairy Sci, 89: 2542-2551.
146. Tuteja, F.C, M.P. Kapur, A. Sharma and A.K. Vinayak, 1993. Studies on bovine sub clinical mastitis: Prevalence and microflora. Indian Vet. J, 70: 787-791.
147. Verma, A.K. and D.S. Nauriyal, 2009. Prevalence of bovine sub-clinical mastitis in organized dairy farms in Central Gujrat. Indian J. Vet. Med, 29: 13-16.
148. Vimalraj, T.R, N. Kavith and B. Dhanalakshmi, 2006. Incidence of bovine mycotic mastitis. Indian Vet. J, 83: 1120-1121.
149. Vishwakarma, P, 2008. Studies on prevalence, diagnosis, therapy and control of mastitis in buffaloes. MVSc. Thesis, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
150. Vlieststra, R.J, 2003. Managing new intramammary infections in the fresh cow. Proceeding of National Mastitis Council Regional Meeting, pp: 30-35. http://www.nmconline.org/articles/freshcow.pdf
151. Wang, G.Y. and Z.X. Niu, 2009. Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria to clinical mastitis in liaochen city. J. Shandong Agri. University.
152. Woods, G.T, 1986. Practices in Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine in the United States. Iowa State University Press, USA, pp: 127-130.
153. Yang, F.L, X.S. Li, B.X. He, Y.L. Du, G.H. Li, B.B. Yang and H. Qin-Hua, 2011. Bovine mastitis in subtropical dairy farms, 2005-2009. J. Anim. Yet. Adv, 10: 68-72.
154. Yathiraj, S, M.N. Bhat, B.R. Deepti, H.U. Upendra and A. Murlidhara, 2007. Pattern ofbacterial isolâtes from mastitis cases in cows. ISVM, Uttarakhand, India, Pages: 26.
155. Yeo, G. and W.P. Choi, 1982. Studies on yeast-like fungi associated with bovine mastitis, 1: Epidemiological study: 2: Sensitivity of yeast-like fungi to antifungal agents. Korean J. Vet. Res, 22: 121-124.
156. Yong, Z, J.X. fang, Y. Mei, S. Narisu and L. Bin-zhong et al., 2009. Isolation and identification of pathogens from mastitis cow and drug sensitivity test. China Anim. Husb. Vet. Med, 36: 136-140.
157. Zhongwen, Z, W. Guojuan and L. Fenghua, 2002. Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity test of the pathogenic bacteria of cow mastitis in Beijing Area. J. Beijing Agric. Coll., 17: 42-47.