RNA-mediated gene silencing of ToxB in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

Molecular Plant Pathology

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 318-326

  Aboukhaddour, Reem ^a   Kim, Yong Min ^a   Strelkov, Stephen E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASCOMYCETES; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT DISEASE; RNA INTERFERENCE; WESTERN BLOTTING; WHEAT;

ASCOMYCOTA; BLOTTING, WESTERN; PLANT DISEASES; RNA INTERFERENCE; TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC; TRITICUM;

FUNGI; PYRENOPHORA TRITICI-REPENTIS; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 84863154572     PISSN: 14646722     EISSN: 13643703     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00748.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Aboukhaddour, R., Cloutier, S., Ballance, G.M. and Lamari, L. (2009) Genome characterization of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates reveals high plasticity and independent chromosomal location of ToxA and ToxB. Mol. Plant Pathol. 10, 201-212.
2. Amaike, S., Ozga, J.A., Basu, U. and Strelkov, S.E. (2008) Quantification of ToxB gene expression and formation of appressoria by isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis differing in pathogenicity. Plant Pathol. 57, 623-633.
3. Andrie, R.M., Schoch, C.L., Hedges, R., Spatafora, J.W. and Ciuffetti, L.M. (2008) Homologs of ToxB, a host-selective toxin gene from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, are present in the genome of sister-species Pyrenophora bromi and other members of the Ascomycota. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45, 363-377.
4. Ballance, G.M., Lamari, L., Kowatsch, R. and Bernier, C.C. (1996) Cloning expression and occurrence of the gene encoding the Ptr necrosis toxin from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Mol. Plant Pathol. Available at
5. Bradford, M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254.
6. Cao, T., Kim, Y.M., Kav, N.N.V. and Strelkov, S.E. (2009) A proteomic evaluation of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot of wheat, reveals major differences between virulent and avirulent isolates. Proteomics, 9, 1177-1196.
7. Ciuffetti, L.M., Tuori, R.P. and Gaventa, J.M. (1997) A single gene encodes a selective toxin causal to the development of tan spot of wheat. Plant Cell, 9, 135-144.
8. Dhingra, O.D. and Sinclair, J.B. (1986) Basic Plant Pathology Methods. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
9. Effertz, R.J., Meinhardt, S.W., Anderson, J.A., Jordahl, J.G. and Francl, L.J. (2002) Identification of a chlorosis-inducing toxin from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and the chromosomal location of an insensitivity locus in wheat. Phytopathology, 92, 527-533.
10. Friesen, T.L. and Faris, J.D. (2004) Molecular mapping of resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 5 and sensitivity to Ptr ToxB in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109, 464-471.
11. Hood, M.E. and Shew, H.D. (1996) Applications of KOH-aniline blue fluorescence in the study of plant-fungal interactions. Phytopathology, 86, 704-708.
12. Kim, Y.M., Bouras, N., Kav, N.N.V. and Strelkov, S.E. (2010) Inhibition of photosynthesis and modification of the wheat leaf proteome by Ptr ToxB: a host-specific toxin from the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Proteomics, 10, 2911-2926.
13. Lamari, L. (2008) Assess 2.0: Image Analysis Software for Plant Disease Quantification. St. Paul, MN: APS Press.
14. Lamari, L. and Bernier, C.C. (1989) Virulence of isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis on 11 wheat cultivars and cytology of the differential host reactions. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 11, 284-290.
15. Lamari, L. and Strelkov, S.E. (2010) The wheat/Pyrenophora tritici-repentis interaction: progress towards an understanding of tan spot disease. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32, 4-10.
16. Lamari, L., Sayoud, R., Boulif, M. and Bernier, C.C. (1995) Identification of a new race in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis: implication for the current pathotype classification system. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 17, 312-318.
17. Lamari, L., Strelkov, S.E., Yahyaoui, A., Orabi, J. and Smith, R.B. (2003) The identification of two new races of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis from the host centre of diversity confirms a one-to-one relationship in tan spot of wheat. Phytopathology, 93, 391-396.
18. Larez, C.R. and Hosford, R.M. Jr. and Freeman, T.P. (1986) Infection of wheat and oats by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and initial characterization of resistance. Phytopathology, 76, 931-938.
19. Loughman, R. and Deverall, B.J. (1986) Infection of resistance and susceptible cultivars of wheat by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Plant Pathol. 35, 443-450.
20. Martinez, J.P., Ottum, S.A., Ali, S., Francl, L.J. and Ciuffetti, L.M. (2001) Characterization of the ToxB from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14, 675-677.
21. Martinez, J.P., Oesch, N.W. and Ciuffetti, L.M. (2004) Characterization of the multiple copy host selective toxin gene, ToxB, in pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 17, 467-474.
22. McCluskey, K. (2003) The fungal genetics stock center: from molds to molecules. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 52, 245-262.
23. Miyamoto, Y., Masunaka, A., Tsuge, T., Yamamoto, M., Ohtani, K., Fukumoto, T., Gomi, K., Peever, T.L. and Akimitsu, K. (2008) Functional analysis of a multicopy host-selective ACT-Toxin biosynthesis gene in the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata using RNA silencing. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 21, 1591-1599.
24. Nakayashiki, H., Hanada, S., Nguyen, B.Q., Kadotani, N., Tosa, Y. and Mayama, S. (2005) RNA silencing as a tool for exploring gene function in ascomycete fungi. Fungal Genet. Biol. 42, 275-283.
25. R Development Core Team (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. Available at
26. Schägger, H. and von Jagow, G. (1987) Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100kDa. Anal. Biochem. 166, 368-379.
27. Shafran, H., Miyara, I., Eshed, R., Prusky, D. and Sherman, A. (2008) Development of new tools for studying gene function in fungi based on the Gateway system. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45, 1147-1154.
28. Shaner, G., Stromberg, E.L., Lacy, G.H., Barker, K.R. and Pirone, T.P. (1992) Nomenclature and concepts of pathogenicity and virulence. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 30, 47-66.
29. Strelkov, S.E. and Lamari, L. (2003) Host-parasite interactions in tan spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis of wheat. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 25, 339-349.
30. Strelkov, S.E., Lamari, L. and Ballance, G.M. (1998) Induced chlorophyll degradation by a chlorosis toxin from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 20, 428-435.
31. Strelkov, S.E., Lamari, L. and Ballance, G.M. (1999) Characterization of a host-specific protein toxin (Ptr ToxB) from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 12, 728-732.
32. Strelkov, S.E., Lamari, L., Sayoud, R. and Smith, R.B. (2002) Comparative virulence of chlorosis-inducing races of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 24, 29-35.
33. Strelkov, S.E., Kowatsch, R., Balance, G.M. and Lamari, L. (2006) Characterization of the ToxB gene from North African and Canadian isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 67, 164-170.
34. Yoder, O.C. (1980) Toxins in pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 18, 103-129.