Security issues in healthcare applications using wireless medical sensor networks: A survey

Sensors

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 55-91

  Kumar, Pardeep ^a   Lee, Hoon Jae ^a  

^a Dongseo University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Healthcare applications; Healthcare security issues; Medical sensor networks; Patient privacy issues; Wireless body area network; Wireless sensor network

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER NETWORK; COMPUTER SECURITY; ELECTRONICS; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INSTRUMENTATION; LEGAL ASPECT; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; WIRELESS COMMUNICATION;

COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS; COMPUTER SECURITY; DATA COLLECTION; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; ELECTRONICS, MEDICAL; WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 84863011893     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s120100055     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Ko, B.J.G.; Lu, C.; Srivastva, M.B.; Stankovic, J.A.; Terzis, A.; Welsh, M. Wireless Sensor Network for Healthcare. Proc. IEEE 2010, 98, 1947-1960.
2. An Aging World. Available online: http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/p95-09-1.pdf (accessed on 2 October 2011).
3. Alzheimer's Disease. Available online: http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/7DCA00DB-1362-4755-9E87-96DF669EAE20/18196/ADFACTSHEET.pdf (accessed on 7 October 2011).
4. Aging Heart and Arteries, A scientific Quest. Available online: http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/0BBF820F-27D0-48EA-9820-736B7E9F08BB/0/HAFinal_0601.pdf (accessed on 7 October 2011).
5. Gaddam, A.; Mukhopadhyay, S.C.; Gupta, G.S. Elder Care Based on Cognitive Sensor Network. IEEE Sensors J. 2011, 11, 574-581.
6. Chung, W.Y.; Walia, G.; Lee, Y.D.; Myllyla, R. Design Issues and Implementation of Query-Driven Healthcare System Using Wireless Sensor Ad Hoc Network. In Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Network (BSN 2007), Aachen, Germany, 26-28 March 2007.
7. Malan, D.; Jones, T.F.; Welsh, M.; Moulton, S. CodeBlue: An Ad-Hoc Sensor Network Infrastructure for Emergency Medical Care. In Proceedings of the MobiSys 2004 Workshop on Applications of Mobile Embedded Systems (WAMES 2004), Boston, MA, USA, 6-9 June 2004.
8. Dimitriou, T.; Loannis, K. Security Issues in Biomedical Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL'08), Aalborg, Denmark, 25-28 October 2008.
9. Muhammad, K.R.R.S.; Lee, H.; Lee, S.; Lee, Y.K. BARI+: A Biometric Based Distributed Key Management Approach for Wireless Body Area Networks. Sensors 2010, 10, 3911-3933.
10. Alonso, J.V.; Matencio, P.L.; Castano, F.J.G.; Hellin, H.N.; Guirao, P.J.B.; Martinez, F.J.P.; Alvarez, R.P.M.; Jimenez, D.G.; Castineira, F.G.; Fernandez, R.D. Ambient Intelligence Systems for Personalized Sport Training. Sensors 2010, 10, 2359-2385.
11. Chen, B.R.; Peterson, G.; Mainland, G.; Welsh, M. LiveNet: Using Passive Monitoring to Reconstruct Sensor Network Dynamics. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor System (DCOSS'08), Santorini Island, Greece, 11-14 June 2008.
12. Halteren, A.V.; Bults, R.; Wac, K.; Konstantas, D.; Widya, I.; Dokovsky, N.; Koprinkon, G.; Jones, V.; Jerzog, R. Mobile Patient Monitoring: The MobiHealth System. J. Inform. Tech. Healthcare 2004, 2, 365-373.
13. Wood, A.; Virone, G.; Doan, T.; Cao, Q.; Selavo, L.; Wu, Y.; Fang, L.; He, Z.; Lin, S.; Stankovic, J. ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring; Technical Report CS-2006-01; Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia: Charlottesville, VA, USA, 2006.
14. Ng, J.W.P.; Lo, B.P.L.; Wells, O.; Sloman, M.; Peters, N.; Darzi, A.; Toumazou, C.; Yang, G.-Z. Ubiquitous Monitoring Environment for Wearable and Implantable Sensors (UbiMon). In Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp'04), Nottingham, UK, 7-14 September 2004.
15. Fischer, M.; Lim, Y.Y.; Lawernce, E.; Ganguli, L.K. ReMoteCase: Health Monitoring with Streaming Video. In Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Mobile Business, Barcelona, Spain, 7-8 July 2008; pp. 280-286.
16. Chakravorty, R. A Programmable Service Architecture for Mobile Medical Care. In Proceedings of 4th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshop (PERSOMW'06), Pisa, Italy, 13-17 March 2006.
17. Rajasekaran, M.P.; Radhakrishnan, S.; Subbaraj, P. Sensor Grid Applications in Patient Monitoring. Future Generat. Comput. Syst. 2010, 26, 569-575.
18. Montgomery, K.; Mundt, C.; Thonier, G.; Tellier, A.; Udoh, U.; Barker, V.; Ricks, R.; Giovangrandi, L.; Davies, P.; Cagle, Y.; Swain, J.; Hines, J.; Kovacs, G. Lifeguard-A Personal Physiological Monitor for Extreme Environments. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1-5 September 2004; pp. 2192-2195.
19. Gao, T.; Massey, T.; Selavo, L.; Crawford, D.; Chen, B.R.; Lorincz, K.; Shnayder, V.; Hauenstein, L.; Dabiri, F.; Jeng, J.; Chanmugam, A.; White, D.; Sarrafzadeh, M.; Welsh, M. The Advanced Health and Disaster Aid Network: A Light-Weight Wireless Medical System for Triage. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circ. Syst.2007, 1, 203-216.
20. Jiang, S.; Cao, Y.; Iyengar, S.; Kuryloski, P.; Jafari, R.; Xue, Y.; Bajcsy, R.; Wicker, S.; CareNet: An Integrated Wireless Sensor Networking Environment for Remote Healthcare. In Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks, Brussels, Belgium, 13-15 March 2008.
21. Mahmoud, A.S.; Sheltami, T.R.; Amara, M.H.A. Wireless Sensor Network Implementation for Mobile Patient. In Proceedings of International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing, Manama, Bahrain, 20-22 March 2006.
22. Farella, E.; Pieracci, A.; Brunelli, D.; Benini, L.; Ricco, B.; Acquaviva, A. Design and Implementation of WiMoCA Node for a Body Area Wireless Sensor Network. In Proceedings of System Communication, Montreal, QC, Canada, 14-17 August 2005; pp. 342-347.
23. Nee, O.; Hein, A.; Gorath, T.; Hulsmann, N.; Laleci, G.B.; Yuksel, M.; Olduz, M.; Tasyurt, I.; Orhan, U.; Dogac, A.; Fruntelata, A.; Ghiorghe, S.; Ludwig, R. SAPHIRE: Intelligent Healthcare Monitoring Based on Semantic Interoperability Platform: Pilot Applications. IET Commun. 2008, 2, 192-201.
24. Han, D.; Lee, M.; Park, S. THE-MUSS: Mobile u-Health Service System. Biomed. Eng. Syst. Tech. 2009, 25, 377-389.
25. Koch, S.; Hagglund, M. Health Informatics and the Delivery of Care to Older People. Maturitas 2009, 63, 195-199.
26. Chung, W.Y.; Yan, C.; Shin, K. A Cell Phone Based Health Monitoring System with Self Analysis Processing Using Wireless Sensor Network Technology. In Proceedings of 29th Annual International Conference on the IEEE EMBS, Lyon, France, 23-26 August 2007.
27. Gravina, R.; Guerrieri, A.; Fortino, G.; Bellifemine, F. Giannantonio, R.; Sgroi, M. Development of Body Sensor Network Application Using SPINE. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2008), Singapore, 12-15 October 2008.
28. Lorincz, K.; Chen, B.; Challen, G.W.; Chowdhury, A.R.; Patel, S.; Bonato, P.; Welsh, M. Mercurty: A Wearable Sensor Network Platform for High-Fidelity Motion Analysis. In Proceedings of 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'09), Berkeley, CA, USA, 4-6 November 2009.
29. Lee, S.C.; Lee, Y.D.; Chung, W.Y. Design and Implementation of Reliable Query Process for Indoor Environmental and Healthcare Monitoring System. In Proceedings of International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology (ICHIT'08), Daejeon, Korea, 28-30 August 2008; pp. 398-402.
30. Omeni, O.; Eljamaly, O.; Burdett, A. Energy-Efficient Medium Access Protocol for Wireless Medical Body Area Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 4th IEEE/EMBS International Summer School and Symposium on Medical Devices and Biosensors, Cambridge, UK, 19-22 August 2007; pp. 29-32.
31. Lamprinos, I.E.; Prentza, A.; Sakka, E.; Koutsouris, D. Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol of Patients Personal Area Networks. In Proceedings of 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, Shanghai, China, 1-4 September 2005; pp. 3799-3802.
32. Waluyo, A.B.; Pek, I.; Chen, X.; Yeoh, W.-S. Design and Evaluation of Lightweight Middleware for Personal Wireless Body Area Network. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 2009, 13, 509-525.
33. Xiao, Y.; Shen, X.; Sun, B.; Cai, L. Security and Privacy in RFID and Applications in Telemedicine. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2006, 44, 64-72.
34. Venkatasubramaniam, K.K.; Gupta, S.K.S. Security for Pervasive Health Monitoring Sensor Applications. In Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing (ICPSIP 2006), Bangalore, India, 15-18 December 2006; pp. 197-202.
35. Leon, M.D.L.A.C.; Garcia, J.L. A Security and Privacy Survey for WSN in e-Health Application. In Proceedings of Conference on Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics (CERMA'09), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, 22-25 September 2009; pp. 125-130.
36. Halperin, D.; Benjamin, T.S.H.; Fu, K.; Kohno, T.; Maisel, W.H. Security and Privacy for Implantable Medical Devices. Pervas. Comput. 2008, 7, 30-39.
37. Meingast, M.; Roosta, T.; Sastry, S. Security and Privacy Issues with Healthcare Information Technology. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, New York, NY, USA, 31 August-3 September 2006; pp. 5453-5458.
38. Kotz, D. A Threat Taxonomy for mHealth Privacy. In Proceedings of Workshop on Networked Healthcare Technology (NetHealth), Bangalore, India, 4 January 2011.
39. Office for Civil Rights, United State Department of Health and Human Services. Medical Privacy. National Standards of Protect the Privacy of Personal-Health-Information. Available online: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/privacyrule/index.html (accessed on 15 June 2011).
40. Ng, H.S.; Sim, M.L.; Tan, C.M. Security Issues of Wireless Sensor Networks in Healthcare Applications. BT Tech. J. 2006, 24, 138-144.
41. Weippl, E.; Holzinger, A.; Tjoa, A.M. Security Aspects of Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare. Available online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/et5gt8088j388115/fulltext.pdf (accessed on 10 June 2011).
42. Ameen, M.A.; Liu, J.; Kwak, K. Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare Applications. J. Med. Syst. 2010, doi: 10.1007/s10916-010-9449-4.
43. Misic, J.; Misic, V.B. Security Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks Used in Clinical Information Systems. Wirel. Netw. Secur. Sign. Commun. Tech. 2007, doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-33112-6_13.
44. Lorincz, K.; Malan, D.J.; Fulford-Jones, T.R.F.; Nawoj, A.; Clavel, A.; Shayder, V.; Mainland, G.; Welsh, M. Sensor Networks for Emergency Response: Challenges and Opportunities. Pervas. Comput. 2004, 3, 16-23.
45. Mica2datasheet. Available online: https://www.eol.ucar.edu/rtf/facilities/isa/internal/CrossBow/DataSheets/mica2.pdf (accessed on 7 October 2011).
46. Lorincz, K.; Welsh, M. MoteTrack: A Robust, Decentralized Approach to RF-Based Location Tracking. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 2006, 11, 489-503.
47. Liu, A.; Ning, P. TinyECC: A Configurable Library for Elliptic Curve Cryptography in Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, St. Louis, MO, USA, 22-24 April 2008; pp. 245-256.
48. Karlof, C.; Sastry, N.; Wagner, D. TinySec: A Link Layer Security Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, MD, USA, 3-5 November 2004; pp. 162-175.
49. Kambourakis, G.; Kaloudatou, E.; Gritzalis, S. Securing Medical Sensor Environments: The CodeBlue Framework Case. In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES'07), Vienna, Austria, 10-13 April 2007.
50. MicaZ Datasheet. Available online: http://www.openautomation.net/uploadsproductos/micaz_datasheet.pdf (accessed on 7 October 2011).
51. Telos Datasheet. Available online: http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~konrad/References/TinyOSDocs/telos-reva-datasheet-r.pdf (accessed on 7 October 2011).
52. Pai, S.; Meingast, M.; Roosta, T.; Bermudez, S.; Wicker, S.; Mulligan, D.K.; Sastry, S. Confidentiality in Sensor Networks: Transactional Information. IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine 2008.
53. Blum, J.M.; Magill, E.H. The Design and Evaluation of Personalised Ambient Mental Health Monitors. In Proceedings of IEEE CCNC 2010, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 9-12 January 2010.
54. Ko, J.; Lim, J.H.; Chen, Y.; Musaloiu-E., R.; Terzis, A.; Masson, G.M. MEDiSN: Medical Emergency Detection in Sensor Networks. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst. 2010, 10, 1-29.
55. Ganti, R.K.; Jayachandran, P.; Abdelzaher, T.F.; Stankovic, J.A. SATIRE: A Software Architecture for Smart AtTIRE. In Proceedings of MobiSys'06, Uppsala, Sweden, 19-22 June 2006; pp. 110-123.
56. Huang, Y.M.; Hsieh, M.Y.; Hung, H.C.; Park, J.H. Pervasive, Secure Access to a Hierarchical Sensor-Based Healthcare Monitoring Architecture in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 2009, 27, 400-411.
57. Hande, A.; Polk, T.; Walker, W.; Bhatia, D. Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Networks for Remote Patient Monitoring in Hospitals. Sensors 2006, 6, 1102-1117.
58. Yang, G.-Z. Body Sensor Networks; Springer: London, UK, 2006.
59. Nasser, N.; Chen, Y. SEEM: Secure and Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network. Comput. Commun. 2007, 30, 2401-2412.
60. Muraleedharan, R.; Osadciw, L.A. Secure Healthcare Monitoring Network Against Denial-of- Service Attacks Using Cognitive Intelligence. In Proceedings of Communication Networks and Services Research Conference, Halifax, NS, Canada, 5-8 May 2008; pp 165-170.
61. Karlof, C.; Wagner, D. Secure Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: Attacks and Countermeasures. Ad Hoc Network 2003, 1, 293-315.
62. Misic, J.; Amini, F.; Khan, M. On Security Attacks in Healthcare WSNs Implemented on 802.15.4 Beacon Enabled Clusters. In Proceedings of IEEE Consumer Communication and Networking Conference (CCNC'07), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 11-13 January 2007; pp. 741-745.
63. Redondi, A.; Tagliasacchi, M.; Cesana, M.; Borsani, L.; Tarrio, P.; Salice, F. LAURA- Localization and Ubiquitous Monitoring of Patients for Health Care Support. In Proceedings of 21th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops, Istanbul, Turkey, 26-29 September 2010.
64. Curtis, D.W.; Pino, E.J.; Bailey, J.M.; Shih, E.I.; Waterman, J.; Vinterbo, S.A.; Stair, T.O.; Guttag, J.V.; Greenes, R.A.; Machodo, L.O. SMART-An Integrated Wireless System for Monitoring Unattended Patients. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 2008, 15, 44-53.
65. Baca, A.; Kornfeind, P. Rapid Feedback Systems for Elite Sports Training. Pervas. Comput. 2006, 5, 70-76.
66. Wood, A.D.; Stankovic, J.A. Denial of Service in Sensor Networks. IEEE Comput. 2002, 35, 54-62.
67. Raymond, D.R.; Midkiff, S.F. Denial-of-Service in Wireless Sensor Networks: Attacks and Defenses. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 2008, 7, 74-81.
68. National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. Available online: http://www.ncvhs.hhs.gov/privrecs.htm (accessed on 5 October 2011).
69. Davenport, A.K. Identity Theft that can Kill You. Available online: http://www.law.uh.edu/healthlaw/perspectives/2006/(KD)IdentityTheft.pdf (accessed on 5 October 2011).
70. The Data Protection Directive. EU Directive 95/46/EC. Available online: http://www.dataprotection.ie/viewdoc.asp?m=&fn=/documents/legal/6aii-1c.htm#1 (accessed on 6 October 2011).
71. Brown, I.; Adams, A.A. The Ethical Challenges of Ubiquitous Healthcare. Int. Rev. Inform. Ethics 2007, 8, 53-60.
72. Johnson, M.E. Data Hemorrhages in the Healthcare Sector. Available online: http://fc09.ifca.ai/papers/54_Data_Hemorrhages.pdf (accessed on 4 October 2011).
73. Webb, D. Medical Identity Theft-Not Feeling Like Yourself. Available online: http://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1042&context=ism (accessed on 5 October 2011).
74. Ramli, R.; Zakaria, N.; Sumari, P. Privacy Issues in Pervasive Healthcare Monitoring System: A Review. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2010, 72, 741-747.
75. Kosseim, P.; Emam, K.E. Privacy Interests in Prescription Data. Part 1. IEEE Secur. Privacy 2009, 7, 72-76.
76. Dementia Overview. Available online: http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/tc/dementia-topicoverview (accessed on 10 October 2011).
77. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH). Available online: http://waysandmeans.house.gov/media/pdf/110/hit2.pdf (accessed on 15 October 2011).
78. Strong User Authentication and HIPAA: Cost-Effective Compliance with Federal Security Mandates. Available online: http://www.techrepublic.com/whitepapers/strong-user-authenticationand-hipaa-cost-effective-compliance-with-federal-security-mandates/2345053 (accessed on 28 May 2011).
79. Le, X.H.; Khalid, M.; Sankar, R.; Lee, S. An Efficient Mutual Authentication and Access Control Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network in Healthcare. J. Networks 2011, 27, 355-364.
80. Shaikh, R.A.; Lee, S.; Khan, M.A.U.; Song, Y.J. L-Sec: Lightweight Security Protocol for Distributed Wireless Sensor Network. In Proceedings of Personal Wireless Communication, Albacete, Spain, 20-22 September 2006; pp. 367-377.
81. Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) #1: RSA Cryptography. Available online: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447 (accessed on 18 July 2011).
82. Deffie-Hellman Rfc. Available online: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2631.txt (accessed on 20 July 2011).
83. Malasri, K.; Wang, L. Design and Implementation of Secure Wireless Mote-Based Medical Sensor Network. Sensors 2009, 9, 6273-6297.
84. Seo, S.C.; Han, D.G.; Hong, S. TinyECCK16: An Efficient Field Multiplication Algorithm on 16-bit Environment and Its Application to Tmote Sky Sensor. IEICE Trans. Inform. Syst. 2009, E92.D, 918-928.
85. Malasri, K.; Wang, L. SNAP: An Architecture for Secure Medical Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Network, Reston, VA, USA, 25-28 September 2006; pp. 160-162.
86. Chen, X.; Makki, K.; Yen, K.; Pissinou, N. Sensor Network Security: A Survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2009, 11, 52-73.
87. Kavitha, T.; Sridharan, D. Security Vulnerabilities in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. J. Inform. Assur. Secur. 2010, 5, 031-044.
88. Boukerche, A.; Oliveira, H.A.B.F.; Nakamura, E.F.; Loureiro, A.A.F. Secure Localization Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2008, 46, 96-101.
89. Boukerche, A.; Ren, Y. A Secure Mobile Healthcare System Using Trust-Based Multicast Scheme. IEEE J. Select. Area. Commun. 2009, 27, 387-399.
90. Misic, J.; Misic, V. Enforcing Patient Privacy in Healthcare WSNs Through Key Distribution Algorithms. Secur. Commun. Network 2008, 1, 417-429.
91. HL7 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Role Engineering Process. Available online: www.hl7.org/./Stds_20070919_SW%2022.3 (accessed on 6 October 2011).
92. Saleem, S.; Ullah, S.; Kwak, K.S. A Study of IEEE 802.15.4 Security Framework for Wireless Body Area Networks. Sensors 2011, 11, 1383-1395.
93. Wang, Y.; Attebury, G.; Ramamurthy, B. A Survey of Security Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2006, 8, 2-23.
94. Haque, M.M.; Pathan, A.S.K.; Hong, C.S. Securing u-Healthcare Sensor Networks Using Public Key Based Scheme. In Proceedings of 10th International Conference of Advance Communication Technology, Pyeongchang, Korea, 19-22 February 2008; pp. 1108-1111.
95. Hu, F.; Jiang, M.; Wagner, M.; Dong, D.C. Privacy-Preserving Telecardiology Sensor Networks: Toward a Low-Cost Portable Wireless Hardware/Software Codesign. IEEE Trans. Inform. Tech. Biomed. 2007, 11, 619-627.
96. Dagtas, S.; Pekhteryev, G.; Sahinoglu, Z.; Cam, H.; Challa, N. Real-Time and Secure Wireless Health Monitoring. Int. J. Telemed. Appl. 2008, doi: 10.1155/2008/135808.
97. Kang, D.O.; Lee, H.J.; Ko, E.J.; Kang, K.; Lee, J. A Wearable Context Aware System for Ubiquitous Healthcare. In Proceedings of 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, New York, NY, USA, 30 August-3 September 2006; pp. 5192-5195.
98. Lin, X.; Lu, R.; Shen, X.; Nemoto, Y.; Kato, N. SAGE: A Strong Privacy-Preserving Scheme Against Global Eavesdropping for eHealth System. IEEE J. Select. Area Commun. 2009, 27, 365-378.
99. Kumar, P.; Lee, Y.-D.; Lee, H.-J. Secure Health Monitoring Using Medical Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management, Seoul, Korea, 16-18 August 2010; pp. 491-494.
100. Wu, G.; Ren, J.; Xia, F.; Xu, Z. An Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Communication Scheme for Body Sensor Networks. Sensors 2010, 10, 9590-9608.
101. Lee, D.-S.; Bhardwaj, S.; Alasaaela, E.; Chung, W.-Y. An ECG Analysis on Sensor Node for Reducing Traffic Overload in u-Healthcare with Wireless Sensor Network. In Proceedings of IEEE Sensors 2007, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28-31 October 2007; pp. 256-259.
102. Li, H.; Tan, J. Body Sensor Network Based Context Aware QRS Detection. In Proceedings of Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, Innsbruck, Austria, 29 November-1 December 2006; pp. 1-8.
103. Ameen, M.A.; Nessa, A.; Kwak, K.S. QoS Issues with Focus on Wireless Body Area Networks. In Proceedings of 2008 Third International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology, Busan, Korea, 11-13 November 2008; pp. 801-807.
104. Zhou, G.; Lu, J.; Wan, C.Y.; Yarvis, M; Stankovic, J. BodyQoS: Adaptive and Radio-Agnostic QoS for Body Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 27th Conference on Computer Communications, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 13-19 April 2008; pp. 565-573.