Production and Characterization of Compost Made from Garden and Other Waste

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 855-864

  Estévez Schwarz, Iris ^a   Seoane Labandeira, Socorro ^a   Núñez Delgado, Avelino ^a   López Mosquera, María Elvira ^b  

^a Polytechnic School   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Biomass ash; Composting; Garden type waste; Sewage sludge

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862871793     PISSN: 12301485     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. EU DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 182, 16/07/1999, 1999.
2. MARTÍNEZ ORGADO C. Legal instruments specific for biodegradable waste. The Second International Conference "Better Regulation Waste". Brussels, 2007 [In Spanish].
3. o 25, 29 January, 2002 [In Spanish].
4. BENITO M., MASAGUER A., MOLINER A., DE ANTONIO R. Chemical and physical properties of pruning waste compost and their seasonal variabilty. Biores. Technol. 97, 2071, 2006.
5. EEC DIRECTIVE 91/271 MAY 1991. On urban waste water treatment. Modified by EEC Directive 98/15/CE 27 February 1998, 1991.
6. MMA. MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE. II National Plan for sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (PNLD)-(2007-20015), 2006 [In Spanish].
7. COSTA F., HERNÁNDEZ T., MORENO J. Agricultural use of sewage sludge, ed. CSIC, Center for Soil Science and Applied Biology of Segura, Spain, 1987 [In Spanish].
8. KUBA T., TSCHÖLL A., PARTL C., MEYER K., INSAM H. Wood ash admixture to organic wastes improves compost and its performace. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 127, 43, 2008.
9. EEA. European Environment Agency Europés Environment: The Second Assessment. The Urban Environment. Chapter 12. EEA, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998.
10. EPA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule. http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/biosolids/503pe/index.htm, 1993.
11. GOLDSTEIN N. The Composting industry in the United States: Past, Present, and Future. In: Compost utilization in Agricultural Cropping Systems. Stoffella, P.J. and Kahn, B.A. Eds. CRC Press LLC, 2001.
12. BILDERBACK T.E., HARTZOG E.F., MEANS R. Use of Composted Fly Ash and Pine bark as a Potting Medium. Proc. SNA Res. Conf. 35, 76, 1990.
13. ROSENFELD P. E., HENRY CH. L. Activated Carbon and Wood Ash Sorption of Wastewater, Compost, and Biosolids Odorants. Water Environ. Res. 73, (4), 388, 2001.
14. RYNK R., RICHARD T.D. Commercial Compost Production Systems. In: Compost utilization in Agricultural Cropping Systems. Stoffella, P.J. and Kahn, B.A. Eds. CRC Press LLC, 2001.
15. DAY M., SHAW K. Biological, Chemical and Physical Processes of composting. In: Compost Utilization in Agricultural Cropping Systems. Stoffella, P.J. and Kahn, B.A. Eds. CRC Press LLC., 2001.
16. GUITIÁN F., CARBALLAS T. Soil analysis techniques. Ed. Pico-Sacro, Santiago de Compostela, 1976 [In Spanish].
17. WU L., MA L. Q. Effects of sample storage on biosolids compost stability and maturity evaluation. J. Environ. Qual. 30, 222, 2001.
18. SULLIVAN D.M., MILLER R.O. Compost Quality: Attributes, Measurements, and Variability. In: Compost utilization in Agricultural Cropping Systems. Stoffella, P.J. and Kahn, B.A. Eds. CRC Press LLC, 2001.
19. BARRENA GÓMEZ R., VÁZQUEZ LIMA F., SÁNCHEZ FERRER A. The use of respiration indices in the composting process: a review. Waste Manage. Res. 24, (1) 37, 2006.
20. BAFFI C., DELĹABATE M.T., NASSISI A., SILVA S., BENEDETTI A., GENEVINI P.L., ADANI F. Determination of biological stability in compost: A comparison of methodologies. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 39, 1284, 2007.
21. BRINTON W. F., EVANS E., DROFFNER M. L., BRINTON R. B. Standardized test for evaluation of compost selfheating. BioCycle, 36, (11), 64, 1995.
22. MAPA. MINISTRY FOR AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FOOD. Official Methods of Analysis. Fertilizers. Vol. III. Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Spain, 1980 [In Spanish].
23. ZUCCONI F., PERA M., FORTE M., BERTOLDI M. Evaluating toxicity of immature compost. BioCycle, 22, 54, 1981.
24. ESCOTO-VALERIO M., FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA J., MARTÍN-PEINADO F. Determination of phytotoxicity of soluble elements in soils, based on a bioassay with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Sci. Total Environ. 378, (1-2), 63, 2007.
25. NAYLOR L., SCHMIDT E. Paper mill wood ash as a fertiliser and liming material. Tappi J., 72, 199, 1989.
26. CAMPBELL A.G. Recycling and disposing of wood ash. Tappi J., 73, 141, 1990.
27. ETIÉGNI L., CAMPBELL A. G. Physical and chemical characteristics of wood ash. Biores. Technol. 37, 173, 1991.
28. MUSE J.K., MITCHELL C.C. Paper mill boiler ash and lime by-products as soil liming materials. Agron. J. 87, 432, 1995.
29. DEMEYER A., VOUNDI NKANA J.C., VERLOO M.G. Characteristics of wood ash and influence on soil properties and nutrient uptake: an overview. Biores. Technol. 77, (3), 287, 2001.
30. KOIVULA N., RÄIKKÖNEN T., URPAILAINEN S., RANTA J., HÄNNINEN K. Ash in composting of sourceseparedcatering waste. Biores. Technol., 86, 131, 2004.
31. o 171 (25592-25669), 2005 [In Spanish].
32. o 262, 1 November 1990 [In Spanish].
33. BÜYÜKSÖNMEZ F., EVANS J. Biogenic Emisions from Gren Waste and Comparison to the Emissions resulting from composting Part II: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Compost Sci. Util. 15, (3), 191, 2007.
34. MUSTIN M. Compost. Organic matter management. Ed. Françoise Dubusc. France, 1987 [In French].
35. MARGESIN R., CIMADOM J., SCHINNER F. Biological activity during composting of sewage sludge at low temperatures, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 57, 88, 2006.
36. McGREGOR S.T., MILLER F.C., PSARIANOS K.M., FINSTEIN M.S. Composting process control based on interation between microbial heat output and temperature. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 41, 1321, 1981.
37. ESTÉVEZ-SCHWARZ I., SEOANE LABANDEIRA S., NÚÑEZ DELGADO A. Performance and evolution of compost piles comprising waste materials from the city of Lugo and nearby areas. Proceedings of the XXX Biennial Meeting of the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry. Lugo 19-23 September, 2005 [In Spanish].
38. BUTLER T.A., SIKORA L.J., STEINHILBER P.M., DOUGLAS, L.W. Compost age and sample storage effects on maturity indicators of biosolids compost. J. Environ. Qual. 30, (6), 2141, 2001.
39. NAKASAKI K., SASAKI M., SHODA M., KUBOTA, H. Change in microbial numbers during thermophilic composting of sewage sludge with reference to CO2 evolution rate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 49, (1), 37, 1985.
40. o 67 Ministry of the Environment, 1992. Helsinki, 1992.
41. BIOABFALLV. Regulation on the recycling of organic waste on agricultural, forestry and horticultural soils (Waste Ordinance-BioAbfV), 1998 [In German].
42. Ö-NORM S2023. Analytical methods and quality control of compost (Untersuchungsmethoden und Güteüberwchung von Komposten). Austrian Standards Institute, Vienna, Austria, 1993.
43. WILLSON G.B. Combining raw materials for composting. In: J. Goldstein (Eds.). The Biocycle Guide to Yard Waste Composting. The JG Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania, 1993.
44. SUNDBERG C. Improving Compost Process Efficiency by Controlling Aeration, Temperature and pH. Doctoral Thesis, Uppsala, 49 pp. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences. Department of Biometry and Engineering. Uppsala, 2005.
45. SEOANE S., LEIRÓS M. C. Acidification-Neutralization processes in a lignite mine spoil amended with fly ash or limestone. J. Environ. Qual., 30, 1420, 2001.
46. KHALIL A., DOMEIZEL M., PRUDENT P. Monitoring of green waste composting process based on redox potential. Biores. Technol., 99, (14), 6037, 2008.
47. VAN DE KERKHOVE J.M. Evolution of the maturity of three municipal waste during composting. Ph.D. Thesis, INPL, Nancy, France, 1990 [In French].
48. BERNAL M.P., PAREDES C., SÁNCHEZ-MONEDERO M.A., CEGARRA J. Maturity and stability parameters of compost prepared wide a wide range of organic wastes. Bioresur. Tecnol. 63, 91, 1998.
49. KAYHANIAN M., TCHOBANOGLOUS G. Characteristics of humus produced from anaerobio composting of the biodegradble organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Environ. Technol. 14, 815, 1993.
50. FORGIE D., SASSER L., NEGER M. Compost Facility Requirements Guideline: How To Comply With Part 5 Of The Organic Matter Recycling. Regulation. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Canada, 2004.
51. SAID-PULLICINO D., GIGLIOTTI G. Oxidative biodegradation of dissolved organic matter during composting. Chemosphere, 68, (6), 1030, 2007.
52. AMIR S., HAFIDI M., MERLINA G., REVEL J.C. Structural characterization of fulvic acids during composting of sewage sludge. Process Biochemistry 40, 1693, 2005.
53. WEEKEN A., NIEROP K., WILDE V., HAMELERS B. Characterization of NaOH-extracted humic acids during composting of a biowaste. Biores. Technol. 96, 471, 2000.
54. HSU J.H., LO S.L. Recycling of separated pig manure: characterization of maturity and chemical fractionation of elements during composting. Water Sci. Technol, 40, 121, 1999.
55. CIAVATTA C., GOVI M., PASOTTI L., SEQUI P. Changes in organic matter during stabilization of compost from municipal solid waste. Biores. Technol. 43, 141, 1993.
56. DROZD J., JAMROZ E., LICZNAR S.E., WEBWER J. Organic matter transformation and humic indices of compost maturity stage during composting of municipal solid wastes. In: Drozd, j., Gonet, S.S., Senesi, N, Weber, J. Eds. Proceedings of the 8th meeting of the IHSS: The role of humic substances in the ecosystem and in environmental protection, Wrocław, Poland pp. 855-863. 1997.
57. CHEFETZ B., ADANI F., GENEVINI P., TAMBONE F., HADA Y., CHEN Y. Humic acid transformation during composting of municipal solid waste. J. Environ. Qual. 27, 794, 1998.
58. DOWDY R.H., LARSON W., EPSTEIN E. Sewage Sludge and Effluent Use in Agriculture. In: Land Application of Waste Materials, pp. 53-138. Ankeny, Iowa: Soil Conservation Society of America. 1976.
59. ANDERSON G. Assessing Organic Phosphorus in Soil. In: Kwasaneh F., Saple E. and Kamprah E.J. (Eds.) The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. Madison. Am. Soc. Agron., pp. 411-431, 1980.
60. MISRA M.K., RAGLAND K.W., BAKER A.J. Wood ash composition as a function of furnace temperature. Biomass Bioener. 4, 103, 1993.
61. SAMARAS P., PAPADIMITRIOU C.A., HARITOU I., ZOUBOULIS A.I. Investigation of sewage sludge stabilization potential by addition of fly ash and lime. J. Hazar. Mat. 154, 1052, 2008.
62. MONDINI C., DELĹ ABATE M. T., LEITA L., BENEDETTI A. An integrated Chemical, Thermal, and Microbiological Aproach to Compost Stability Evaluation. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 2379, 2003.
63. BELTRAME K.G., ALOISI R.R., VITTI G.C., BOLUDA R. Composting a biological sludge from the brewing industry using forced aeration and eucalyptus chips. Edafología, 6, 85, 1999 [In Spanish].
64. ESTÉVEZ-SCHWARZ I., SEOANE S., NÚÑEZ A., LÓPEZ-MOSQUERA M.E. Characterization and Evaluation of Compost utilized as Ornamental Plant Substrate. Compost Sci. Utilization, 17, 210, 2009.
65. BAKI B., WROBEL S.K., WROBEL K., KANNAMKUMARATH S.S., CASTILLO J. R., CARUSO J. A. SEC-ICPMS studies for elements binding to different molecular weight fractions of humic substances in compost extract obtained from urban solid waste. J. Environ. Monit. 4, 1010, 2002.