Fracture mechanisms of epoxy-based ternary composites filled with rigid-soft particles

Composites Science and Technology

Volumn 72, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 558-565

  Tang, Long Cheng ^a   Zhang, Hui ^a   Sprenger, Stephan ^b   Ye, Lin ^c   Zhang, Zhong ^a,d  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b The University of Sydney ^*

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

A. Nano composites; A. Polymer matrix composites (PMCs); B. Fracture toughness; B. Mechanical properties; D. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Indexed keywords

A. POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES (PMCS); BINARY COMPOSITES; DOMINANT FACTOR; EPOXY COMPOSITE; FRACTURE MECHANISMS; MATRIX; MODIFIED EPOXY; RUBBER PARTICLES; SCANNING ELECTRONS; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; SOFT PARTICLES; SUBMICRON; SYNERGISTIC EFFECT; TERNARY COMPOSITES; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS;

CRACK TIPS; EPOXY RESINS; FILLED POLYMERS; RUBBER; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STIFFNESS;

AGGLOMERATION;

EID: 84862827355     PISSN: 02663538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.12.015     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Sue H.J. Crake-like damage in a core-shell rubber-modified epoxy system. J Mater Sci 1992, 27(11):3098-3107.
2. Bagheri R., Pearson R.A. Role of particle cavitation in rubber-toughened epoxies. 1. Microvoid toughening. Polymer 1996, 37(20):4529-4538.
3. Kong J., Ning R.C., Tang Y.S. Study on modification of epoxy resins with acrylate liquid rubber containing pendant epoxy groups. J Mater Sci 2006, 41(5):1639-1641.
4. Ma J., Mo M.S., Du X.S., Dai S.R., Luck I. Study of epoxy toughened by in situ formed rubber nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2008, 110(1):304-312.
5. Raju T., Ding Y.M., He Y.L., Yang L., Paula M., Yang W.M., et al. Miscibility, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of a DGEBA based epoxy resin toughened with a liquid rubber. Polymer 2008, 49(1):278-294.
6. Le Q.H., Kuan H.C., Dai J.B., Zaman I., Luong L., Ma J. Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy. Polymer 2010, 51(21):4867-4879.
7. Zhang H., Tang L.C., Zhang Z., Friedrich K., Sprenger S. Fracture behaviours of in situ silica nanoparticle-filled epoxy at different temperatures. Polymer 2008, 49(17):3816-3825.
8. Lee J., Yee A.F. Fracture of glass bead/epoxy composites: on micro-mechanical deformations. Polymer 2000, 41(23):8363-8373.
9. Singh R.P., Zhang M., Chan D. Toughening of a brittle thermosetting polymer: effects of reinforcement particle size and volume fraction. J Mater Sci 2002, 37(4):781-788.
10. Ma J., Mo M.S., Du X.S., Rosso P., Friedrich K., Kuan H.C. Effect of inorganic nanoparticles on mechanical property, fracture toughness and toughening mechanism of two epoxy systems. Polymer 2008, 49(16):3510-3523.
11. Johnsen B.B., Kinloch A.J., Mohammed R.D., Taylor A.C., Sprenger S. Toughening mechanisms of nanoparticle-modified epoxy polymers. Polymer 2007, 48(2):530-541.
12. Liang Y.L., Pearson R.A. Toughening mechanisms in epoxy-silica nanocomposites (ESNs). Polymer 2009, 50(20):4895-4905.
13. Hsieh T.H., Kinloch A.J., Masania K., Lee J.S., Taylor A.C., Sprenger S. The toughness of epoxy polymers and fibre composites modified with rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles. J Mater Sci 2010, 45(5):1193-1210.
14. Hsieh T.H., Kinloch A.J., Masania K., Taylor A.C., Sprenger S. The mechanisms and mechanics of the toughening of epoxy polymers modified with silica nanoparticles. Polymer 2010, 51(26):6284-6294.
15. Kinloch A.J., Mohammed R.D., Taylor A.C., Eger C., Sprenger S., Egan D. The effect of silica nano particles and rubber particles on the toughness of multiphase thermosetting epoxy polymers. J Mater Sci 2005, 40(18):5083-5086.
16. Choi J., Yee A.F., Laine R.M. Toughening of cubic silsesquioxane epoxy nanocomposites using core-shell rubber particles: a three-component hybrid system. Macromolecules 2004, 37(9):3267-3276.
17. Frohlich J., Thomann R., Gryshchuk O., Karger-Kocsis J., Mulhaupt R. High-performance epoxy hybrid nanocomposites containing organophilic layered silicates and compatibilized liquid rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2004, 92(5):3088-3096.
18. 2 nanoparticles on the performance of carboxyl-randomized liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber modified epoxy nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007, 106(2):1347-1352.
19. Kinloch A.J., Masania K., Taylor A.C., Sprenger S., Egan D. The fracture of glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy composites using nanoparticle-modified matrices. J Mater Sci 2008, 43(3):1151-1154.
20. Liang Y.L., Pearson R.A. The toughening mechanism in hybrid epoxy-silica-rubber nanocomposites (HESRNs). Polymer 2010, 51(21):4880-4890.
21. Sue H.J., Gam K.T., Bestaoui N., Clearfield A., Miyamoto M., Miyatake N. Fracture behavior of alpha-zirconium phosphate-based epoxy nanocomposites. Acta Mater 2004, 52(8):2239-2250.
22. Gam K.T., Miyamoto M., Nishimura R., Sue H.J. Fracture behavior of core-shell rubber-modified clay-epoxy nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 2003, 43(10):1635-1645.
23. Kong J., Tang Y.S., Zhang X.J., Gu J.W. Synergic effect of acrylate liquid rubber and bisphenol-A on toughness of epoxy resins. Polymer Bulletin 2008, 60(2-3):229-236.
24. Tang L.C., Zhang H., Wu X.P., Zhang Z. A novel failure analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy matrix. Polymer 2011, 52(9):2070-2074.
25. Zhang H., Zhang Z., Friedrich K., Eger C. Property improvements of in situ epoxy nanocomposites with reduced interparticle distance at high nanosilica content. Acta Mater 2006, 54(7):1833-1842.
26. Tang L.C., Zhang H., Han J., Wu X.P., Zhang Z. Fracture mechanisms of epoxy filled with ozone functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Compos Sci Technol 2011.
27. Wu Y.P., Jia Q.X., Yu D.S., Zhang L.Q. Modeling Young's modulus of rubber-clay nanocomposites using composite theories. Polym Test 2004, 23(8):903-909.
28. Becu L., Maazouz A., Sautereau H., Gerard J.F. Fracture behavior of epoxy polymers modified with core-shell rubber particles. J Appl Polym Sci 1997, 65(12):2419-2431.
29. Frohlich J., Thomann R., Mulhaupt R. Toughened epoxy hybrid nanocomposites containing both an organophilic layered silicate filler and a compatibilized liquid rubber. Macromolecules 2003, 36(19):7205-7211.
30. Ragosta G., Abbate M., Musto P., Scarinzi G., Mascia L. Epoxy-silica particulate nanocomposites: chemical interactions, reinforcement and fracture toughness. Polymer 2005, 46(23):10506-10516.
31. Chen C.G., Justice R.S., Schaefer D.W., Baur J.W. Highly dispersed nanosilica-epoxy resins with enhanced mechanical properties. Polymer 2008, 49(17):3805-3815.
32. Blackman B.R.K., Kinloch A.J., Lee J.S., Taylor A.C., Agarwal R., Schueneman G., et al. The fracture and fatigue behaviour of nano-modified epoxy polymers. J Mater Sci 2007, 42(16):7049-7051.
33. Rosso P., Ye L., Friedrich K., Sprenger S. A toughened epoxy resin by silica nanoparticle reinforcement. J Appl Polym Sci 2006, 100(3):1849-1855.
34. Wetzel B., Rosso P., Haupert F., Friedrich K. Epoxy nanocomposites - fracture and toughening mechanisms. Eng Fract Mech 2006, 73(16):2375-2398.
35. Pearson R.A., Yee A.F. Influence of particle-size and particle-size distribution on toughening mechanisms in rubber-modified epoxies. J Mater Sci 1991, 26(14):3828-3844.
36. Ozturk A., Kaynak C., Tincer T. Effects of liquid rubber modification on the behaviour of epoxy resin. Eur Polym J 2001, 37(12):2353-2363.
37. Lee J., Yee A.F. Inorganic particle toughening I: micro-mechanical deformations in the fracture of glass bead filled epoxies. Polymer 2001, 42(2):577-588.
38. Liu J., Sue H.J., Thompson Z.J., Bates F.S., Dettloff M., Jacob G., et al. Effect of crosslink density on fracture behavior of model epoxies containing block copolymer nanoparticles. Polymer 2009, 50(19):4683-4689.
39. Halpin J.C., Kardos J.L. The Halpin-Tsai equations: a review. Polym Eng Sci 1976, 16(5):344-352.