Comparison of coagulation performance and floc properties using a novel zirconium coagulant against traditional ferric and alum coagulants

Water Research

Volumn 46, Issue 13, 2012, Pages 4179-4187

  Jarvis, Peter ^a   Sharp, Emma ^b   Pidou, Marc ^c   Molinder, Roger ^d   Parsons, Simon A ^e   Jefferson, Bruce ^a  

^a CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b SEVERN TRENT WATER LTD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^e SCOTTISH WATER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Coagulants; Coagulation; Floc strength; Flocs; Natural organic matter; NOM; Water treatment; Zirconium

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; CHEMICALS REMOVAL (WATER TREATMENT); COAGULATION; ORGANIC CARBON; POTABLE WATER; WATER QUALITY; WATER TREATMENT; ZIRCONIUM;

COAGULANTS; COAGULATION PERFORMANCE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON; FLOC STRENGTH; FLOCS; NATURAL ORGANIC MATTERS; PILOT-SCALE EXPERIMENTS; WATER QUALITY STANDARD;

CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT;

ALUMINUM; COAGULATING AGENT; DRINKING WATER; IRON; NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER; ORGANIC CARBON; ZIRCONIUM;

ALUMINUM OXIDE; COAGULATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON; DRINKING WATER; IRON; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; TURBIDITY; WATER TREATMENT; ZIRCONIUM;

ALKALINITY; ARTICLE; FILTRATION; FLOCCULATION; PILOT STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEDIMENTATION; SHEAR RATE; STEADY STATE; TURBIDITY; WATER STANDARD; WATER TREATMENT; ZETA POTENTIAL;

EID: 84862758415     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: 18792448     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.043     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Ayukawa, B., 1978. Method for Purification of Waste Water by Treatment with Zirconium Salt, US Patent 4,066,542.
2. Bache D.H. Floc rupture and turbulence: a framework for analysis. Chemical Engineering Science 2004, 59:2521-2534.
3. Baes C.F., Mesmer R.E. The Hydrolysis of Cations 1976, Wiley, New York.
4. Black A.P., Chen C. Electrophoretic studies of coagulation and flocculation of river sediment suspensions with aluminium sulphate. Journal of the American Water Works Association 1965, 57:352-362.
5. Blumenthal W.B. Zirconium in organic chemistry. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1963, 55(4):50-57.
6. Boller M., Blaser S. Particles under stress. Water Science and Technology 1998, 37(10):9-29.
7. Dentel S.K. Application of the precipitation-charge neutralisation model of coagulation. Environmental Science and Technology 1988, 22:825-832.
8. Dentel S.K., Thomas A.V., Kingery K.M. Evaluation of the streaming current detector-II. Continuous flow tests. Water Research 1989, 23(4):423-430.
9. Dockko S., Han M.Y. Fundamental characteristics of bubbles and ramifications for the flotation process. Water Science and Technology 2004, 50(12):207-214.
10. Edzwald J.K., Tobiason J.E. Enhanced coagulation: US requirements and a broader view. Water Science and Technology 1999, 40(9):63-70.
11. Eikebrokk B. Coagulation-direct filtration of soft, low alkalinity humic waters. Water Science and Technology 1999, 40(9):55-62.
12. Goslan E.H., Fearing D.A., Banks J., Wilson D., Hillis P., Campbell A.T., Parsons S.A. Seasonal variations in the disinfection by-product precursor profile in a reservoir. Journal of Water Supply: Research Technology - AQUA 2002, 51:475-482.
13. Gregory J. Fundamentals of flocculation. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 1989, 19:185-230.
14. Gupta V.S., Bhattacharjya S.K., Dutta B.K. Zeta potential control for alum coagulation. Journal of the American Water Works Association 1975, 67(1):21-23.
15. Hammer M.J., Hammer M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology 2007, Prentice Hall, Columbus, OH. third ed.
16. Hundt T.R., O'Melia C.R. Aluminum-fulvic acid interactions: mechanisms and applications. Journal of the American Water Works Association 1988, 80(4):176-186.
17. Jarvis P., Jefferson B., Parsons S.A. The impact of NOM floc structure using different treatment options. Journal of the American Water Works Association 2008, 100(1):64-73.
18. Jarvis P., Jefferson B., Parsons S. Processes for enhanced NOM removal: beyond Fe and Al coagulation. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2008, 8(6):709-716.
19. Jarvis P., Mergen M., Banks J., McIntosh B., Parsons S.A., Jefferson B. Pilot scale comparison of enhanced coagulation with magnetic resin + coagulation systems. Environmental Science and Technology 2008, 42(4):1276-1282.
20. Johnson P.N., Amirtharajah A. Ferric chloride and alum as single and dual coagulants. Journal of American Water Works Association May 1983, 232-239.
21. Kroschwitz J.I., Howe-Grant M. Zirconium and zirconium compounds. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 1999, vol 25:853-896. John Wiley and Sons, New York. fourth ed.
22. Lakshmanan D., Clifford D., Samanta G. Arsenic removal by coagulation with aluminum, iron, titanium, and zirconium. Journal of the American Water Works Association 2008, 100(2):76-88.
23. Letterman R.D., Iyer D.R. Modelling the effects of hydrolysed aluminum and solution chemistry on flocculation kinetics. Environmental Science and Technology 1985, 19(8):673-681.
24. Letterman R.D., Vanderbrook S.G. Effect of solution chemistry on coagulation with hydrolysed Al(III). Water Research 1983, 17:195-204.
25. Matilainen A., Lindqvist N., Tuhkanen T. Comparison of the efficiency of aluminium and ferric sulphate in the removal of natural organic matter during drinking water treatment process. Environmental Technology 2005, 26(8):867-875.
26. Mergen M., Jefferson B., Parsons S.A., Jarvis P. MIEX treatment: impact of water type and resin use. Water Research 2008, 42(8-9):1977-1988.
27. Packham R.F., Sheiham I. Developments in the theory of coagulation and flocculation. Journal of the Institute of Water Engineering and Science 1977, 31(2):96-108.
28. Rose J., De Bruin T.J.M., Chauveteau G., Tabary R., Hazemann J.-L., Proux O., Omari A., Toulhoat H., Bottero J.-Y. Aqueous zirconium complexes for gelling polymers. A combined X-ray absorption spectroscopy and quantum mechanical study. Journal of Applied Physical Chemistry B 2003, 107:2910-2920.
29. Sharp E.L., Parsons S.A., Jefferson B. The impact of seasonal variations in DOC arising from a moorland peat catchment on coagulation with iron and aluminium salts. Environmental Pollution 2006, 140(3):436-443.
30. Sharp E., Jarvis P., Parsons S.A., Jefferson B. The impact of zeta potential on the physical properties of ferric-NOM flocs. Environmental Science and Technology 2006, 40(12):3934-3940.
31. Sharp E.L., Parsons S.A., Jefferson B. Coagulation of NOM: linking character to treatment. Water Science and Technology 2006, 53(7):67-76.
32. Shin J.Y., Spinette R.F., O'Melia C.R. Stoichiometry of coagulation revisited. Environmental Science and Technology 2008, 42:2582-2589.
33. Singer P., Bilyk K. Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin. Water Research 2002, 36:4009-4022.
34. Veyland A., Dupont L., Pierrard J.-C., Rimbault J., Aplincourt M. Thermodynamic stability of zirconium (IV) complexes with hydroxy ions. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 1998, 11:1765-1770.
35. Vilgé-Ritter A., Rose J., Masion A., Bottero J.-Y., Lainé J.-M. Chemistry and structure of aggregates formed with Fe-salts and natural organic matter. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 1999, 147:297-308.
36. Yukselen M.A., Gregory J. The reversibility of floc breakage. International Journal of Mineral Processing 2004, 73:251-259.