Microbiology and injury characteristics in severe open tibia fractures from combat

Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery

Volumn 72, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1062-1067

  Burns, Travis C ^a   Stinner, Daniel J ^a   Mack, Andrew W ^b   Potter, Benjamin K ^b   Beer, Rob ^b   Eckel, Tobin T ^b   Possley, Daniel R ^a   Beltran, Michael J ^a   Hayda, Roman A ^c   Andersen, Romney C ^b   Keeling, John J ^b   Frisch, Harold M ^e   Murray, Clinton K ^a   Wenke, Joseph C ^d   Ficke, James R ^a   Hsu, Joseph R ^a,d  

^a SAN ANTONIO MILITARY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d US ARMY INSTITUTE OF SURGICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^e NONE

Author keywords

Blast injuries; Combat injuries; Open tibia fracture

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BATTLE INJURY; FOLLOW UP; FRACTURE HEALING; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; HUMAN; INFECTION; INJURY SCALE; LIMB AMPUTATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OSTEOMYELITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SOLDIER; TIBIA FRACTURE; AMPUTATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PATHOLOGY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAR; WOUND INFECTION;

ADULT; AFGHAN CAMPAIGN 2001-; AMPUTATION; FRACTURE HEALING; HUMANS; INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; IRAQ WAR, 2003 -; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIBIAL FRACTURES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WOUND INFECTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84862746798     PISSN: 21630755     EISSN: 21630763     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318241f534     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. DePalma RG, Burris DG, Champion HR, Hodgson MJ. Blast injuries. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1335-1342.
2. Court-Brown CM, McBirnie J. The epidemiology of tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77:417-421.
3. Ficke JR, Pollak AN. Extremity war injuries: development of clinical treatment principles. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007;15:590-595.
4. Lin DL, Kirk KL, Murphy KP, McHale KA, Doukas WC. Orthopedic injuries during Operation Enduring Freedom. Mil Med. 2004;169:807-809.
5. Owens BD, Kragh JF Jr, Macaitis J, Svoboda SJ, Wenke JC. Characterization of extremity wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21:254-257.
6. Owens BD, Kragh JF Jr, Wenke JC, Macaitis J, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Combat wounds in operation Iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom. J Trauma. 2008;64:295-299.
7. Burkhalter WE, Protzman R. The tibial shaft fracture. J Trauma. 1975; 15:785-794.
8. Keeling JJ, Gwinn DE, Tintle SM, Andersen RC, McGuigan FX. Short-term outcomes of severe open wartime tibial fractures treated with ring external fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:2643-2651.
9. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58: 453-458.
10. Gustilo RB, Gruninger RP, Davis T. Classification of type III (severe) open fractures relative to treatment and results. Orthopedics. 1987;10: 1781-1788.
11. Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma. 1984;24:742-746.
12. Muller MENSKPSJ. The Comprehensive Classification of Fractures of Long Bones. New York: Springer; 1990.
13. Whelan DB, Bhandari M, McKee MD, et al. Interobserver and intraobserver variation in the assessment of the healing of tibial fractures after intramedullary fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:15-18.
14. Burgess AR, Poka A, Brumback RJ, Bosse MJ. Management of open grade III tibial fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 1987;18:85-93.
15. Burgess AR, Poka A, Brumback RJ, Flagle CL, Loeb PE, Ebraheim NA. Pedestrian tibial injuries. J Trauma. 1987;27:596-601.
16. Clancey GJ, Hansen ST Jr. Open fractures of the tibia: a review of one hundred and two cases. J Bone Joint Surg. 1978;60:118-122.
17. Edwards CC, Simmons SC, Browner BD, Weigel MC. Severe open tibial fractures. Results treating 202 injuries with external fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988:98-115.
18. Tornetta P III, Bergman M, Watnik N, Berkowitz G, Steuer J. Treatment of grade-IIIb open tibial fractures. A prospective randomised comparison of external fixation and non-reamed locked nailing. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76:13-19.
19. Coupland RM. War wounds of bones and external fixation. Injury. 1994;25:211-217.
20. Hayda R, Harris RM, Bass CD. Blast injury research: modeling injury effects of landmines, bullets, and bombs. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004; 422:97-108.
21. Court-Brown CM, Wheelwright EF, Christie J, McQueen MM. External fixation for type III open tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990; 72:801-804.
22. Dubravko H, Zarko R, Tomislav T, Dragutin K, Vjenceslav N. External fixation in war trauma management of the extremities - experience from the war in Croatia. J Trauma. 1994;37:831-834.
23. Lerner A, Fodor L, Soudry M. Is staged external fixation a valuable strategy for war injuries to the limbs? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006;448: 217-224.
24. Simchen E, Raz R, Stein H, Danon Y. Risk factors for infection in fracture war wounds (1973 and 1982 wars, Israel). Mil Med. 1991;156: 520-527.
25. Brown KV, Murray CK, Clasper JC. Infectious complications of combat-related mangled extremity injuries in the British military. J Trauma. 2010;69 suppl 1:S109-S115.
26. Johnson EN, Burns TC, Hayda RA, Hospenthal DR, Murray CK. Infectious complications of open type III tibial fractures among combat casualties. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:409-415.
27. Mody RM, Zapor M, Hartzell JD, et al. Infectious complications of damage control orthopedics in war trauma. J Trauma. 2009;67:758-761.
28. Carsenti-Etesse H, Doyon F, Desplaces N, et al. Epidemiology of bacterial infection during management of open leg fractures. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;18:315-323.
29. Lee J. Efficacy of cultures in the management of open fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;339:71-75.
30. Brumback RJ, Jones AL. Interobserver agreement in the classification of open fractures of the tibia. The results of a survey of two hundred and forty-five orthopaedic surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76:1162-1166.
31. Horn BD, Rettig ME. Interobserver reliability in the Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1993;7:357-360.