Income-related inequalities in common mental disorders among ethnic minorities in England

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 351-359

  Mangalore, Roshni ^a   Knapp, Martin ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Common mental disorders; Equity; Ethnicity; Income; Inequality; Neurosis

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ASIA; CENTRAL AMERICA; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH DISPARITY; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; MINORITY GROUP; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SOCIAL CLASS; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ASIA, WESTERN; CARIBBEAN REGION; ENGLAND; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; MINORITY GROUPS; SOCIAL CLASS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84862681226     PISSN: 09337954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-011-0345-0     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Townsend P, Davidson N (1982) Inequalities in health (the Black Report). Penguin, Middlesex
2. Davey Smith G, Bartley M, Blane D (1990) The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on. BMJ 301:373-377
3. Benzeval M, Judge K, Whitehead M (1995) Tackling inequalities in health: an agenda for action. Kings Fund Institute, London
4. Weich S, Lewis G, Jenkins S (2001) Income inequality and the prevalence of mental disorders in Britain. Br J Psychiatry 178:222-227
5. Lewis G, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Farell M, Gill B, Jenkins R, Meltzer H (2003) Socio-economic status, standard of living and neurotic disorder. Int Rev Psychiatry 15:91-96
6. Social Exclusion Unit (2004) Mental health and social exclusion. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London
7. Mangalore R, Knapp M, Jenkins R (2007) Income-related inequality in mental health in Britain: the concentration index approach. Psychol Med 37:1037-1046
8. Nazroo JY (1999) The racialisation of ethnic inequalities in health. In: Dorling D, Simpson S (eds) Statistics in society: the arithmetic of politics. Arnold, London
9. Nazroo JY (2001) Ethnicity, Class and Health. Policy Studies Institute, London
10. Brugha T, Jenkins R, Bebbington P, Meltzer H, Lewis G, Farrell M (2004) Risk factors and the prevalence of neurosis and psychosis in ethnic groups in Great Britain. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:939-946
11. Hoberman HM (1992) Ethnic minority status and adolescent mental health services utilization. J Behav Health Serv R 19:246-267
12. Nazroo James Y (2003) The structuring of ethnic inequalities in health: economic position, racial discrimination, and racism. Am J Public Health 93:277-284
13. Miranda J, Siddique J, Belin TR, Kohn-Wood LP (2005) Depression prevalence in disadvantaged young black women African and Caribbean immigrants compared to US-born African Americans. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 40:253-258
14. Bresnahan M, Begg MD, Brown A, Schaefer C, Sohler N, Insel B, Vella L, Susser E (2007) Race and risk of schizophrenia in a US birth cohort: another example of health disparity? Int J Epidemiol 36:751-758
15. Simning A, Wijngaarden EV and Conwell Y (2010) Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in United States African-American public housing residents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol (online first, 9 July)
16. Wang JL (2004) The difference between single and married mothers in the 12-month prevalence of major depressive syndrome, associated factors and mental health service utilization. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:126-132
17. Dekker J, Peen J, Goris A, Heijnen H, Kwakman H (1997) Social deprivation and psychiatric admission rates in Amsterdam. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 32:485-492
18. Veling W, Selten JP, Susser E, Laan W, Mackenbach JP, Hoek HW (2007) Discrimination and the incidence of psychotic disorders among ethnic minorities in The Netherlands. Int J Epidemiol 36:761-768
19. Wittkampf LC, Smeets HM, Knol MJ, Geerlings MI, Braam AW et al (2010) Differences in psychotropic drug prescriptions among ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45:819-826
20. Sagatun A, Lien L, Søgaard AJ, Bjertness E, Heyerdahl S (2008) Ethnic Norwegian and ethnic minority adolescents in Oslo, Norway: a longitudinal study comparing changes in mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:287-295
21. Cochrane R and Sashidharan SP (1996) Mental health and ethnic minorities: a review of the literature and implications for services. In: Ethnicity and health, CRD Report 5. NHS Centre for reviews and Dissemination, Social Policy Research Unit: University of York, York
22. McKenzie K, Bhui K (2007) Institutional racism in mental health care. BMJ 334:649-650
23. World Bank (2003) Quantitative techniques for health equity analysis-technical notes. (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/ Publications/Quantitative-Techniques/health. eqtn07.pdf). Accessed 15 February 2006
24. Van Doorslaer E, Koolman X, Jones AM (2004) Explaining income-related inequalities in doctor utilisation in Europe. Health Econ 13:629-647
25. Sproston K, Nazroo J (eds) (2002) Ethnic minority psychiatric illness rates in the community (EMPIRIC). The Stationery Office, London
26. Lewis G, Pelosi AJ (1990) Manual of the revised clinical interview schedule. (CIS-R), Institute of Psychiatry
27. Bebbington P, Nayani T (1995) The psychosis screening questionnaire. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 5:11-20
28. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Keller SD (1996) A 12-item short-form health survey construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 34:200-223
29. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Keller SD (1998) How to score the SF-12 physical and mental summary scales, 3rd edn. The Health Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
30. Wilkinson R (2000) Mind the gap: hierarchies, health and human evolution. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London
31. Krieger N, Rowley DL, Herman AA, Avery B, Philips MT (1993) Racism, sexism and social class: implications for studies of health, disease and wellbeing. Am J Prev Med 9(Suppl 2):82-122
32. Madood T, Berthoud R, Lakey J, Nazroo JY, Smith P, Virdee S, Beishon S (1997) Ethnic minorities in Britain: diversity and disadvantage. Policy Studies Institute, London
33. Nazroo JY (1998) Genetic, cultural or socioeconomic vulnerability? Expanding ethnic inequalities in health. Soc Health Illness. 20:714-734
34. Nazroo J, Davey Smith G (2000) The contribution of socioeconomic position to health differentials between ethnic groups: evidence from the United States and Britain. In: Macbeth H, Shetty P (eds) Health and ethnicity: society for the study of human biology series: 41. Taylor and Francis, London, England, pp 41-58
35. Department of Health (2008) Health inequalities: progress and next steps. Department of Health: London
36. Singleton N, Bumpstead R, O'Brien M, Lee A, Meltzer H (2001) Psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households 2000. HMSO, London
37. Boydell J, Os VJ, McKenzie K, Murray RM (2004) The association of inequality with the incidence of schizophrenia: an ecological study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:597-599
38. Harrison J, Barrow S, Creed F (1997) Mental health in the north west region of England: associations with deprivation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33:124-128
39. Reininghaus UA, Morgan C, Simpson J, Dazzan P, Morgan K et al (2008) Unemployment, social isolation, achievement-expectation mismatch and psychosis: findings from the ÆSOP Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:743-751
40. Bhui K, Stansfeld S, McKenzie K, Karlsen S, Nazroo J, Weich S (2005) Racial/ethnic discrimination and common mental disorders among workers: findings from the EMPIRIC Study of ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom. Am J Public Health 95:496-501
41. Maginn S, Boardman AP, Craig TKL, Haddad M, Heath G et al (2004) The detection of psychological problems by general practitioners influence of ethnicity and other demographic variables. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:464-471
42. Gater R, Tomenson B, Percival C, Chaudhry N, Waheed W et al (2009) Persistent depressive disorders and social stress in people of Pakistani origin and white Europeans in UK. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44:198-207
43. Maynard MJ, Harding S, Minnis H (2007) Psychological wellbeing in Black Caribbean, Black African, and white adolescents in the UK Medical Research Council DASH study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42:759-769
44. Kirbride JB, Barker D, Cowden F, Stamps R, Yang M, Jones PB, Coid JW (2008) Psychoses, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Br J Psychiatry 193:18-24
45. Van Os J, Castle DJ, Takei N, Der G, Murray RM (1996) Psychotic illness in ethnic minorities: clarification from the 1991 census. Psychol Med 26:203-208
46. Fearon P, Kirkbride J, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Lloyd T, Hutchinson G, Tarrant J, Fung A, Holloway J, Mallet R, Harrison G, Leff J, Jones P, Murray R (2006) Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study. Psychol Med 36:1541-1550
47. Health Care Commission (2005) Count me in: results of a National Census of Inpatients in Mental Health Hospitals and Facilities in England and Wales. Health Care Commission, London
48. Harrison G, Owens D, Holton A, Neilson D, Boot D (1998) A prospective study of severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients. Psychol Med 18:643-657
49. Cochrane R, Bal S (1989) Mental hospital admission rates of immigrants to England: a comparison of 1971 and 1981. Soc Psychiatry 24:2-11
50. Priebe S, Want A, Saidi M, Mangalore R, Knapp M (2009) Housing services for people with mental disorders in England: patient characteristics, care provision and costs. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44:805-814
51. Equalities Review (2007) Fairness and freedom: final report of the Equalities Review. Cabinet Office, London
52. Office of National Statistics (2004) Focus on social inequalities. Palgrave Macmillan, London
53. Thornicroft G (2006) Shunned. Oxford University Press, Oxford
54. Shams M (1993) Social support and psychological well-being among unemployed British Asian Men. Soc Behav Personal 21:175-186
55. Shams M, Jackson PR (1994) The impact of unemployment on the psychological well-being of British Asians. Psychol Med 24:347-355