Pharmacokinetics and ovarian suppression during use of a contraceptive vaginal ring in normal-weight and obese women

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 207, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 39.e1-39.e6

  Westhoff, Carolyn L ^a   Torgal, Anupama H ^a   Mayeda, Elizabeth Rose ^a   Petrie, Kelsey ^b   Thomas, Tiffany ^c   Dragoman, Monica ^d   Cremers, Serge ^c  

^a Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain   (United States)

^b Mailman School of Public Health   (United States)

^c Howard Hughes Medical Institute   (United States)

^d ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

contraceptive vaginal ring; obesity; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS ETONOGESTREL; ETONOGESTREL; PROGESTERONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENDOMETRIUM; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; OBESITY; OVARY FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGESTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; VAGINA RING;

EID: 84862654909     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: 10976868     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.04.022     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Holt VL, Cushing-Haugen KL, Daling JR. Body weight and risk of oral contraceptive failure. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99:820-7.
2. Holt VL, Scholes D, Wicklund KG, Cushing-Haugen KL, Darling JR. Body mass index, weight, and oral contraceptive failure risk. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:46-52.
3. Zieman M, Guillebaud J, Weisberg E, Shangold GA, Fisher AC, Creasy GW. Contraceptive efficacy and cycle control with the Ortho Evra/Evra transdermal system: the analysis of pooled data. Fertil Steril 2002;77:S13-8.
4. Dinger JC, Cronin M, Möhner S, Schellschmidt I, Minh TD, Westhoff C. Oral contraceptive effectiveness according to body mass index, weight, age, and other factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:263e1-9.
5. Dinger J, Minh TD, Buttmann N, Bardenheuer K. Effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills in a large U.S. cohort comparing progestogen and regimen. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:33-40.
6. Westhoff CL, Hait HI, Reape KZ. Body weight does not impact pregnancy rates during use of a low-dose extended-regimen 91-day oral contraceptive. Contraception 2012;85:235-9.
7. Westhoff C. Higher body weight does not affect NuvaRing's efficacy [abstract]. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105(Suppl 4):56S.
8. Westhoff CL, Torgal AH, Mayeda ER, et al. Ovarian suppression in normal-weight and obese women during oral contraceptive use: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2010;116(Pt 1):275-83.
9. Westhoff CL, Torgal AH, Mayeda ER, Pike MC, Stanczyk FZ. Pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive in obese and normal-weight women. Contraception 2010;81:474-80.
10. World Health Organization. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. In: Reproductive health and research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
11. Anari MR, Bakhtiar R, Zhu B, Huskey S, Franklin RB, Evans DC. Derivatization of ethinylestradiol with dansyl chloride to enhance electrospray ionization: application in trace analysis of ethinylestradiol in rhesus monkey plasma. Anal Chem 2002;74:4136-44.
12. Belsey EM, Machin D, d'Arcangues C. The analysis of vaginal bleeding patterns induced by fertility regulating methods. World Health Organization Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Contraception 1986;34:253-60.
13. Mishell DR Jr, Guillebaud J, Westhoff C, et al. Combined hormonal contraceptive trials: variable data collection and bleeding assessment methodologies influence study outcomes and physician perception. Contraception 2007;75:4-10.
14. Mishell DR Jr, Guillebaud J, Westhoff C, et al. Recommendations for standardization of data collection and analysis of bleeding in combined hormone contraceptive trials. Contraception 2007;75:11-5.
15. Broome M, Clayton J, Fotherby K. Enlarged follicles in women using oral contraceptives. Contraception 1995;52:13-6.
16. Schlaff WD, Lynch AM, Hughes HD, Cedars MI, Smith DL. Manipulation of the pill-free interval in oral contraceptive pill users: the effect on follicular suppression. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:943-51.
17. Hoogland HJ, Skouby SO. Ultrasound evaluation of ovarian activity under oral contraceptives. Contraception 1993;47:583-90.
18. Grimes DA, Godwin AJ, Rubin A, Smith JA, Lacarra M. Ovulation and follicular development associated with three low-dose oral contraceptives: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83:29-34.
19. Klipping C, Duijkers I, Trummer D, Marr J. Suppression of ovarian activity with a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive in a 24/4 regimen. Contraception 2008;78:16-25.
20. Endrikat J, Parke S, Trummer D, Schmidt W, Duijkers I, Klipping C. Ovulation inhibition with four variations of a four-phasic estradiol valerate/dienogest combined oral contraceptive: results of two prospective, randomized, open-label studies. Contraception 2008;78:218-25.
21. Rible RD, Taylor D, Wilson ML, Stanczyk FZ, Mishell DR Jr. Follicular development in a 7-day versus 4-day hormone-free interval with an oral contraceptive containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethindrone acetate. Contraception 2009;79:182-8.
22. Spona J, Binder N, Höschen K, Feichtinger W. Suppression of ovarian function by a combined oral contraceptive containing 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate given in a 24/4-day intake regimen over three cycles. Fertil Steril 2010;94:1195-201.
23. Timmer CJ, Mulders TM. Pharmacokinetics of etonogestrel and ethinylestradiol released from a combined contraceptive vaginal ring. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:233-42.
24. Mulders TM, Dieben TO. Use of the novel combined contraceptive vaginal ring NuvaRing for ovulation inhibition. Fertil Steril 2001;75:865-870.
25. Hammond GL, Langley MS, Robinson PA, Nummi S, Lund L. Serum steroid binding protein concentrations, distribution of progestogens, and bioavailability of testosterone during treatment with contraceptives containing desogestrel or levonorgestrel. Fertil Steril 1984;42:44-51.
26. Kuhnz W, Pfeffer M, al-Yacoub G. Protein binding of the contraceptive steroids gestodene, 3-keto-desogestrel and ethinylestradiol in human serum. J Steroid Biochem 1990;35:313-8.
27. Blouin K, Veilleux A, Luu-The V, Tchernof A. Androgen metabolism in adipose tissue: recent advances. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009;301:97-103.
28. Cushman M, Callas PW, Denenberg JO, Bovill EG, Criqui MH. Risk factors for peripheral venous disease resemble those for venous thrombosis: the San Diego Population Study. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:1730-5.
29. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Faculty of family planning and reproductive health care. UK medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use (UKMEC 2005/2006). 2006 Jul. Available at: http://www.fsrh.org/pdfs/archive/UKMEC2005-06.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2012.