Prospective assessment of chronic multisymptom Illness reporting possibly associated with open-air burn pit smoke exposure in Iraq

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 54, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 682-688

  Powell, Teresa M ^a   Smith, Tyler C ^a   Jacobson, Isabel G ^a   Boyko, Edward J ^b   Hooper, Tomoko I ^c   Gackstetter, Gary D ^d   Phillips, Christopher J ^a   Smith, Besa ^a  

^a NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^b VA PUGET SOUND HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^c Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences   (United States)

^d ANSER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARMY; ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IRAQ; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MILITARY DEPLOYMENT; MOOD DISORDER; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OPEN AIR BURN PIT SMOKE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SMOKE; SYMPTOM;

ADULT; CHRONIC DISEASE; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; IRAQ WAR, 2003 -; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MILITARY PERSONNEL; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUESTIONNAIRES; SMOKE; SMOKE INHALATION INJURY; VETERANS;

EID: 84862563273     PISSN: 10762752     EISSN: 15365948     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318255ba39     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Smith TC, Corbeil TE, Ryan MA, Heller JM, Gray GC. In-theater hospitalizations of US and allied personnel during the 1991 Gulf War. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:1064-1076.
2. Smith TC, Gray GC, Weir JC, Heller JM, Ryan MA. Gulf War veterans and Iraqi nerve agents at Khamisiyah: postwar hospitalization data revisited. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158:457-467.
3. Smith TC, Heller JM, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Gray GC. Are Gulf War veterans experiencing illness due to exposure to smoke from Kuwaiti oil well fires? Examination of Department of Defense hospitalization data. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155:908-917.
4. Gray GC, Coate BD, Anderson CM, et al. The postwar hospitalization experience of U.S. veterans of the Persian GulfWar. N Engl JMed. 1996;335:1505-1513.
5. Blanchard MS, Eisen SA, Alpern R, et al Chronic multisymptom illness complex in GulfWar I veterans 10 years later. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163:66-75.
6. Gray GC, Reed RJ, Kaiser KS, Smith TC, Gastanaga VM. Self-reported symptoms and medical conditions among 11, 868 Gulf War-era veterans: the Seabee Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155:1033-1044.
7. Kang HK, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Magee CA, Murphy FM. Illnesses among United States veterans of the Gulf War: a population-based survey of 30, 000 veterans. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42:491-501.
8. The Iowa Persian Gulf Study Group. Self-reported illness and health status among Gulf War veterans. A population-based study. JAMA. 1997;277:238-245.
9. Fukuda K, Nisenbaum R, Stewart G, et al. Chronic multisymptom illness affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War. JAMA. 1998;280:981-988.
10. GrayGC, Kaiser KS, HawksworthAW, Hall FW, Barrett-Connor E. Increased postwar symptoms and psychological morbidity among U.S. Navy Gulf War veterans. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;60:758-766.
11. Unwin C, Blatchley N, CokerW, et al. Health of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War. Lancet. 1999;353:169-178.
12. Proctor SP, Heeren T, White RF, et al. Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress. Int J Epidemiol. 1998;27:1000-1010.
13. Steele L. Prevalence and patterns of Gulf War illness in Kansas veterans: association of symptoms with characteristics of person, place, and time of military service. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152:992-1002.
14. Weese CB. Issues related to burn pits in deployed settings. US Army Med Dep J. 2010:22-28.
15. Defense Health Board Memorandum to Assistant Secretary of Defense, Health Affairs. Defense Health Board Findings Pertaining to the Health Risk Assessment Burn Pit Exposures, Balad Air Base Iraq. Washington, DC. US Department of Defense; 2008
16. United States Government Accountability Office. Afghanistan and Iraq: DoD should improve adherence to its guidance on open pit burning and solid waste management. Available at: http://www.gao.gov/Products/GAO-11-63. Published October 2010. Accessed July 23, 2010.
17. Engelbrecht JP, McDonald EV, Gillies JA, Jayanty RKM, CasuccioG, Gertler AW. Characterizing mineral dusts and other aerosols from the Middle East-Part 1: ambient sampling. Inhal Toxicol. 2009;21:297-326.
18. Engelbrecht JP, McDonald EV, Gillies JA, Gertler AW. Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP). Desert Research Institute. Report Contract Number:W9124R-05-C-0135/SUBCLIN 000101-ACRNAB. 2008.
19. US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. Just the facts . . . Balad burn pit. Available at: http://phc.amedd.army.mil/PHC %20Resource%20Library/Baladburnpit471208.pdf. Updated July 23, 2010. Accessed September 23, 2010.
20. US Air Force. Open pit burning: General facts and information. Available at: http://deploymenthealthlibrary.fhp.osd.mil/Product/RetrieveFile? prodId=55. Published 2009. Accessed July 23, 2010.
21. US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. Just the facts . . . Solid waste burning (trash and feces fires) -Medical. Available at: http://phc.amedd.army.mil/PHC%20Resource%20Library/37-031-0205. pdf. Published 2003. Accessed July 23, 2010.
22. World Health Organization. Dioxins and their effects on human health. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs225/en/. Published 2010. Accessed July 23, 2010.
23. Costa D. Air pollution. In:Klaassen C, ed. Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division; 2008:1119-1156.
24. Force Health Protection and Readiness. Burning trash and human waste exposures: For service members and their families. Available at: http://deploymenthealthlibrary.fhp.osd.mil/Product/RetrieveFile?prodId=313. Published 2009. Accessed Jul 23, 2010.
25. Kennedy K. Lawmakers to hold news briefing on burn pits. Available at: http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/06/military burn pit news conference 061009w/. Published 2009. Accessed July 23, 2010.
26. Department of Veterans Affairs. Environmental hazards in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other military installations. Available at: http://militarytimes.com/static/projects/pages/VA environmental letter.doc. Published 2010. Accessed July 26, 2010.
27. Smith TC. The US Department of Defense Millennium Cohort Study: career span and beyond longitudinal follow-up. J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:1193-1201.
28. Ryan MA, Smith TC, Smith B, et al. Millennium Cohort: enrollment begins a 21-year contribution to understanding the impact of military service. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:181-191.
29. Riddle JR, Smith TC, Smith B, et al. Millennium Cohort: the 2001-2003 baseline prevalence of mental disorders in the U.S. military. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:192-201.
30. Wells TS, LeardMannCA, Fortuna SO, et al.Aprospective study of depression following combat deployment in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:90-99.
31. Smith TC, Ryan MAK, Wingard DL, et al. New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: prospective population based US military cohort study. BMJ. 2008;336:366-371.
32. Kelsall HL, McKenzie DP, Sim MR, Leder K, Forbes AB, Dwyer T. Physical, psychological, and functional comorbidities of multisymptom illness in Australian male veterans of the 1991 GulfWar. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170:1048-1056.
33. Furlow B. US Institute of Medicine studies military burn pits. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:316.
34. Committee on EPA's Exposure Human Health Reassessment of TCDD and Related Compounds, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. Health Risks From Dioxin and Related Compounds: Evaluation of the EPA Reassessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.
35. US Air Force Institute for Operational Health, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine. Screening Health Risk Assessment, Burn Pit Exposures, Balad Air Base, Iraq. FortBelvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center. 2008.
36. Seal KH, Bertenthal D, Miner CR, Sen S, Marmar C. Bringing the war back home: mental health disorders among 103, 788 US veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:476-482.
37. Hoge CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:13-22.
38. GarveyWilson A, Messer S, Hoge C. U.S. military mental health care utilization and attrition prior to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44:473-481.
39. Seal KH, Bertenthal D, Maguen S, Gima K, Chu A, Marmar CR. Getting beyond "Don't ask; don't tell": an evaluation of US Veterans Administration postdeployment mental health screening of veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Am J Public Health. 2008;98:714-720.
40. Chretien JP, Chu LK, Smith TC, Smith B, Ryan MA, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. Demographic and occupational predictors of early response to a mailed invitation to enroll in a longitudinal health study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:6.
41. LeardMann CA, Smith B, Smith TC, Wells TS, RyanMA, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. Smallpox vaccination: comparison of self-reported and electronic vaccine records in the Millennium Cohort Study. Hum Vaccin. 2007;3:245-251.
42. Smith B, LeardMann CA, Smith TC, Reed RJ, Ryan MA, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team.Anthrax vaccination in the Millennium Cohort: validation and measures of health. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32:347-353.
43. Smith B, Smith TC, Gray GC, Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. When epidemiology meets the Internet: Web-based surveys in the Millennium Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 2007;166:1345-1354.
44. Smith B, Wingard DL, Ryan MAK, et al. U.S. military deployment during 2001-2006: comparison of subjective and objective data sources in a large prospective health study. Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17:976-982.
45. Smith TC, Jacobson IG, Smith B, Hooper TI, Ryan MA, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. The occupational role of women in military service: validation of occupation and prevalence of exposures in the Millennium Cohort Study. Int J Environ Health Res. 2007;17:271-284.
46. Smith TC, Smith B, Jacobson IG, Corbeil TE, Ryan MA, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. Reliability of standard health assessment instruments in a large, population-based cohort study. Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17:525-532.
47. Smith TC, Zamorski M, Smith B, et al. The physical and mental health of a large military cohort: baseline functional health status of the Millennium Cohort. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:340.
48. Wells TS, Jacobson IG, Smith TC, et al. Prior health care utilization as a potential determinant of enrollment in a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23:79-87.