Boron-based high explosives

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 335-344

  Koch, Ernst Christian ^a   Klapötke, Thomas M ^b  

^a NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC)   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Borazene; Borazine; Cheetah 2.0; Detonation; Iminoborane

Indexed keywords

AMINO GROUP; BORAZENE; BORAZINE; CHEETAH 2.0; CYLINDER EXPANSION; DETONATION PRESSURE; DETONATION VELOCITY; HIGH EXPLOSIVES; IMINOBORANE;

BORON; BORON COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN;

DETONATION;

EID: 84862549400     PISSN: 07213115     EISSN: 15214087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prep.201100157     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. P. Barnes, T. T. Griffiths, E. L. Charsley, J. A. Hider, S. B. Warrington, The Properties and Reactions of the Boron-Potassium Nitrate Pyrotechnic Systems, 11th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Vail, CO, USA, July 7-11, 1986, p. 27.
2. J. D. Callaway, T. D. Sutlieff, Infra-Red-Emitting Decoy Flare, European Patent 1-342-047, UK, 2006.
3. H. J. Eppig, The Chemical Composition of German Pyrotechnic Colored Signal Lights, CIOS Target No. 3a/163, 7/222 & 17/33, SHAEF, 1945.
4. H. Webster, Green Flare Composition, US Patent 4.204.895, The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D.C., USA, 1980.
5. J. C. Poret, J. J. Sabatini, A. P. Shaw, An Examination of the Performance and Mechanism of Boron Carbide Combustion in Green Light-Emitting Pyrotechnic Formulations, 38th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, EUROPYRO 2011, Reims, France, May 17-19, 2011.
6. H. L. Besser, R. Strecker, Overview of Boron Ducted Rocket Development During the Last Two Decades, in: Combustion of Boron-Based Solid Propellants and Solid Fuels (Ed.:, K. Kuo,), Boca Raton, FL, USA, CRC Press, Inc., 1993, p. 133-178.
7. P. W. Cooper, Explosives Engineering, Wiley-VCH, New York, 1996.
8. A. T. Nielsen, A. P. Chafin, S. L. Christian, D. W. Moore, M. P. Nadler, R. A. Nissan, D. J. Vanderah, R. D. Gilardi, C. F. George, J. L. Flippen-Anderson, Synthesis of Polyazapolycyclic Caged Polynitramines, Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 11793-11812.
9. P. Eaton, M.-X. Zhang, R. Gilardi, N. Gelber, S. Iyer, R. Surapaneni, Octanitrocubane: A New Nitrocarbon, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2002, 27, 1-6. (Pubitemid 34288291)
10. E. G. Francois, D. E. Chavez, M. M. Sandstrom, The Development of a New Synthesis Process for 3,3'-Diamino-4,4'-azoxyfurazan (DAAF), Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2010, 35, 529-534.
11. - and High-Oxygen Compounds, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2007, 32, 194-204. (Pubitemid 47167533)
12. H. Östmark, S. Wallin, P. Goede, High Energy Density Materials (HEDM): Overview, Theory and Synthetic Efforts at FOI, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. 2007, 4, 83.
13. F. Zwicky, Propellants for Tomorrow's Rockets, Astronautics 1957, 2, 45-49.
14. C. L. Mader, L. C. Smith, The Performance of Boron Explosives, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California, August 1959, declassified 16 November 1976.
15. J. W. Kury, G. D. Dorough, R. E. Sharples, Energy Release from Chemical Systems, 3rd Symposium on Detonation, Princeton, NJ, USA, September 26-28, 1960, p. 738.
16. C. L. Mader, Detonation Performance Calculations Using Kistiakowski-Wilson Equation of State, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report LA-2613, 1961.
17. M. Suceska, Test Methods for Explosives, Springer, New York, 1995, pp. 203-208.
18. D. D. Perry, M. W. Fein, C. W. Schoenfelder, Novel Explosive Compositions, US Patent 3.378.416, The United States of America as represented by the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Livermore, CA, USA, 1968.
19. C.-O. Leiber, Assessment of Safety and Risk with a Microscopic Model of Detonation, Elsevier, Amsterdam 2003, pp. 219-225.
20. A. Y. Apin, I. M. Voskoboinikov, G. S. Sosnova, Course of the Reaction in a Detonation Wave of a Mixed High Explosive, Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tehnicheskoi Fiziki 1963, 5, 115-117.
21. L. N. Akimova, A. Y. Apin, L. N. Stesik, Detonation of Explosives Containing Boron and its Organic Derivatives, Fizika Goreniya I Vzryva 1972, 8, 475-479.
22. T. Hirata, Study on Synthesis of N-Nitroborazine Compounds I. Nitryl Chloride as Nitrating Agent, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ, USA, June 1971, USA.
23. T. Hirata, Study on Synthesis of N-Nitroborazine Compounds II. Borazine Derivatives, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ, USA, June 1971, USA.
24. J. T. Nelson, W. J. Pietro, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) Analysis of Substituents Effects in Borazine Derivatives, Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 544-548.
25. K. Jayasuriya, A Computional Analysis of Electronic Effects of Borazine and its Monosubstituted Derivatives, J. Mol. Struct. 1991, 381, 242-264.
26. F. Ramondo, G. Portalone, M. Colapietro, L. Bencivenni, HF-SCF Study of the Ground State Geometry and Harmonic Vibrational Frequencies of Borazine Derivatives, J. Mol. Struct. 1993, 85, 290-302.
27. R. Miao, G. Yang, C. Zhao, J. Hong, L. Zhu, Substituent Effect on Molecular Geometry and Aromaticity of Symmetric B-Trisubstituted Borazine, J. Mol. Struct. 2005, 197, 733-779.
28. J. D. Janning, D. W. Ball, Nitroborazines as Potential High Energy Materials: Density Functional Theoretical Calculations, J. Mol. Model. 2010, 16, 857-862.
29. W. Arnold, E. Rottenkolber, Combustion of Boron Loaded Explosives, 40th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 23-26, 2009, p. V-37.
30. M. Makhov, Explosion Heat of Boron Containing Explosive Compositions, 35th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 29-July 2, 2004, P-55.
31. M. Makhov, Evaluation of the Acceleration Ability of Boron-Containing Explosive Compositions, 39th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 24-27, 2008, P-112.
32. P. Q. Flower, P. A. Steward, L. R. Bates, A. J. Shakesheff, P. W. Reip, Improving the Efficiency of Metallised Explosives, 2006 Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Materials Technology Symposium, Bristol, UK, April 24-28, 2006.
33. W. Fraenk, T. Habereder, A. Hammerl, T. M. Klapötke, B. Krumm, P. Ayer, H. Nöth, M. Warchold, Highly Energetic Tetraazidoborate Anion and Boron Triazide Adducts, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 1334-1340. (Pubitemid 32879424)
34. T. M. Klapötke, B. Krumm, R. Moll, Nitro Compounds Based on Boron Esters, 13th Seminar New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials, Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 21-23, 2010, p. 523.
35. P. Srivastava, H. J. Singh, Computational Studies on Nitro-Azaboriridine- A High Energy Material, J. Energ. Mater. 2010, 28, 202-218.
36. 2: On Understanding Detonation with Boron Fuel, 14th Symposium (International) on Detonation, ID, USA, April 11-16, 2010.
37. T. Altenburg, T. M. Klapötke, A. Penger, J. Stierstorfer, Two Outstanding Explosives Based on 1,2-Dinitroguanidine: Ammonium- dinitroguanidine and 1,7-Diamino-1,7-dinitrimino-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-triazaheptane, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2010, 636, 463-471
38. Gaussian 09, Revision A.1, M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery Jr., J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, J. E. Knox, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V. G. Zakrzewski, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, Ö. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, D. J. Fox, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, USA, 2009.
39. L. E. Fried, W. M. Howard, P. Clark Souers, Cheetah 2.0, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA, 1998.
40. K. Y. Mathews, D. W. Ball, Calculated Thermochemistry of Aminonitroacetylene. A New High-Energy Material?, Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 5855-5857.
41. A. F. Holleman, E. Wiberg, N. Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102. ed., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 2007, pp. 143 and 1117.
42. G. Leroy, M. Sana, C. Wilante, Evaluation of the Bond Energy Terms for the Various Types of Boron-Nitrogen Bonds, Theor. Chim. Acta 1993, 85, 155-166.
43. 6, Heteroat. Chem. 2005, 16, 311-315. (Pubitemid 41229389)
44. L. E. Fried, P. C. Souers, BKWC: An Empirical BKW Parametrization Based on Cylinder test Data, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 1996, 21, 215-223. (Pubitemid 126575149)