The association between teat end hyperkeratosis and teat canal microbial load in lactating dairy cattle

Veterinary Microbiology

Volumn 158, Issue 3-4, 2012, Pages 353-359

  Paduch, Jan Hendrik ^a,b   Mohr, Elmar ^b   Krömker, Volker ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND ARTS   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK   (Germany)

Author keywords

Hyperkeratosis; Mastitis pathogens; Microbial load; Teat canal

Indexed keywords

AGAR;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM DETECTION; BOVINE MASTITIS; CALLOSITY; COLIFORM BACTERIUM; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FEMALE; HYPERKERATOSIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGEN LOAD; SMEAR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS UBERIS; TEAT CANAL MICROBIAL LOAD; TEAT END HYPERKERATOSIS;

ANIMALS; BACTERIA; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL LOAD; BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; CALLOSITIES; CATTLE; DAIRYING; FEMALE; LACTATION; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL; MASTITIS, BOVINE;

BOS; BOVINAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS;

EID: 84862542039     PISSN: 03781135     EISSN: 18732542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.032     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Barkema H.W., Schukken Y.H., Lam T.J.G.M., Galligan D.T., Beiboer M.L., Brand A. Estimation of interdependence among quarters of the bovine udder with subclinical mastitis and implications for analysis. J. Dairy Sci. 1997, 80:1592-1599.
2. Barth K. Differences in milk conductivity on quarter level induced by milking machine. ICAR Technical Series No. 10. Physiological and Technical Aspects of Machine Milking 2005, 123-127. ICAR, Rome, Italy. V. Tancin, S. Mihina, M. Uhrincat (Eds.).
3. Bramley A.J., King J.S., Higgs T.M., Neave F.K. Colonization of the bovine teat duct following inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Br. Vet. J. 1979, 135:149-162.
4. Bramley A.J. Streptococcus uberis udder infection - a major barrier to reducing mastitis incidence. Br. Vet. J. 1984, 140:328-335.
5. Capuco A.V., Mein G.A., Nickerson S.C., Jack L.J.W., Wood D.L., Bright S.A., Aschenbrenner R.A., Miller R.H., Bitman J. Influence of pulsationless milking on teat canal keratin and mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 1994, 77:64-74.
6. Collins R.A., Parsons K.R., Field T.R., Bramley A.J. Histochemical localization and possible antibacterial role of xanthine oxidase in the bovine mammary gland. J. Dairy Res. 1988, 55:25-32.
7. Du Preez J.H. Teat canal infections. Kieler Milchw. Forsch. 1985, 37:267-273.
8. Grunert E. Weiblicher Geschlechtsapparat und Euter. Die klinische Untersuchung des Rindes 1990, 472-548. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, Germany. G. Rosenberger, G. Dirksen, H.D. Gründer, M. Stöber (Eds.).
9. Haveri M., Hovinen M., Roslöf A., Pyörälä S. Molecular types and genetic profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine intramammary infections and extramammary sites. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008, 46:3728-3735.
10. Heeschen W.H. IDF and mastitis - a general review. Mastitis Research into Practice. Proc. 5th IDF Mastitis Conference 2010, 22-32. J.E. Hillerton (Ed.).
11. Hibbitt K.G., Cole C.B., Reiter B. Antimicrobial proteins isolated from the teat canal of the cow. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1969, 56:365-371.
12. Hogan J.S., Pankey J.W., Duthie A.H. Growth inhibition of mastitis pathogens by long-chain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 1987, 70:927-934.
13. Jain N.C. Common mammary pathogens and factors in infection and mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 1979, 62:128-134.
14. Mein G.A., Brown M.R., Williams D.M. Effects on mastitis of overmilking in conjunction with pulsation failure. J. Dairy Res. 1986, 53:17-22.
15. Mein G.A., Neijenhuis F., Morgan W.F., Reinemann D.J., Hillerton J.E., Baines J.R., Ohnstad I., Rasmussen M.D., Timms L., Britt J.S., Farnsworth R., Cook N., Hemling T. Evaluation of bovine teat condition in commercial dairy herds: 1. Non-infectious factors. Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Mastitis and Milk Quality 2001, 347-351.
16. Mein G., Reinemann D., Schuring N., Ohnstad I. Milking machines and mastitis risk: a storm in a teatcup. Proc. 43rd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting 2004, 176-188.
17. Myllys V., Honkanen-Buzalski T., Virtanen H., Pyörälä S., Müller H.P. Effect of abrasion of teat orifice epithelium on development of bovine staphylococcal mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 1994, 77:446-452.
18. Neijenhuis F., Barkema H.W., Hogeveen H., Noordhuizen J.P.T.M. Classification and longitudinal examination of callused teat-ends in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2000, 83:2795-2804.
19. Neijenhuis F., Barkema H.W., Hogeveen H., Noordhuizen J.P.T.M. Relationship between teat-end callosity and occurence of clinical mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 2001, 84:2664-2672.
20. Neijenhuis F., de Koning K., Barkema H., Hogeveen H. The effects of machine milking on teat condition. Icar Technical Series No. 7. Physiological and Technical Aspects of Machine Milking 2001, 33-40. ICAR, Rome, Italy. A. Rosati, S. Mihina, C. Mosconi (Eds.).
21. Neijenhuis, F., André, G., Hogeveen, H., Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M., 2004. Quantification of the incidence of clinical mastitis with different teat-end callosity. In: Neijenhuis, F. (Ed.), Teat Condition in Dairy Cows. Dissertation. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, pp. 91-105.
22. Newbould F.H.S., Carey P.G., Barnum D.A. The numbers of intramammary infections and teat duct colonizations in a herd of twins during a hygiene experiment. Can. J. Comp. Med. 1970, 34:203-208.
23. Nickerson S.C. Resistance mechanisms of the bovine udder: new implications for mastitis control at the teat end. J. Am. Vet. Med. A 1987, 191:1484-1488.
24. Nickerson S.C., Watts J.L., Boddie R.L., Ray C.H. Effect of postmilking teat antisepsis on teat canal infections in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1990, 73:373-380.
25. Paduch J.H., Krömker V. Colonization of the teat skin and the teat canal by mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle. Tieraerztl. Prax. G 2011, 39:71-76.
26. Paulrud C.O. Basic concepts of the bovine teat canal. Vet. Res. Commun. 2005, 29:215-245.
27. Pryor, S.M., 2008. Bovine mastitis and ecology of Streptococcus uberis. Dissertation. University of Waikato, New Zealand.
28. Taponen S., Björkroth J., Pyörälä S. Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine extramammary sites and intramammary infections in a single dairy herd. J. Dairy Res. 2008, 75:422-429.
29. Timms L.L., Van Der Maaten M.J., Kehrli M.E., Ackermann M.R. Histologic features and results of virus isolations tests of tissues obtained from teat lesions that developed in dairy cattle during winter. J. Am. Vet. Med. A 1998, 213:862-865.
30. Trinidad P., Nickerson S.C., Alley T.K. Prevalence of intramammary infection and teat canal colonization in unbred and primigravid dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 1990, 73:107-114.
31. Watts J.L., Nickerson S.C., Boddie R.L., Ray C.H. Effects of a 1.94% sulfonic acid teat dip and a 1% iodophor teat dip on teat canal infections in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1991, 74:1115-1123.
32. Watts J.L., Salmon S.A., Yancey R.J. Use of modified Rambach agar to differentiate Streptococcus uberis from other mastitis streptococci. J. Dairy Sci. 1993, 76:1740-1743.
33. Williams D.M., Mein G.A. The role of machine milking in the invasion of mastitis organisms and implications for maintaining low infection rates. Kieler Milchw. Forschung. 1985, 37:415-425.
34. Zecconi A., Hamann J., Bronzo V., Ruffo G. Machine-induced teat tissue reactions and infection risk in a dairy herd free from contagious mastitis pathogens. J. Dairy Res. 1992, 59:265-271.