메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 169, Issue , 2012, Pages 112-127

Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) for chlorine and bromine: A review of techniques and applications to elucidate environmental sources and processes

Author keywords

Bromine; Chlorine; Compound Specific Isotope Analysis; Source differentiation; Stable isotopes

Indexed keywords

BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS; BROMINATED COMPOUNDS; COMPOUND SPECIFIC ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; DEGRADATION RATE; ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENT; GEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; INNOVATIVE METHOD; ORGANOHALOGEN COMPOUNDS; STABLE ISOTOPES; TRANSFORMATION PROCESS;

EID: 84862163938     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: 18736424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (71)

References (164)
  • 1
    • 33644866240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the Rayleigh equation apply to evaluate field isotope data in contaminant hydrogeology?
    • DOI 10.1021/es051128p
    • Abe, Y., Hunkeler, D., 2006. Does the Rayleigh equation apply to evaluate field isotope data in contaminant hydrogeology? Environmental Science & Technology 40 (5), 1588-1596. (Pubitemid 43376400)
    • (2006) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 1588-1596
    • Abe, Y.1    Hunkeler, D.2
  • 2
    • 61649107431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during aerobic oxidation and reductive dechlorination of vinyl chloride and cis-1,2-dichloroethene
    • Abe, Y., Aravena, R., Zopfi, J., Shouakar-Stash, O., Cox, E., Roberts, J.D., Hunkeler, D., 2009. Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during aerobic oxidation and reductive dechlorination of vinyl chloride and cis-1,2-dichloroethene. Environmental Science & Technology 43, 101-107.
    • (2009) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.43 , pp. 101-107
    • Abe, Y.1    Aravena, R.2    Zopfi, J.3    Shouakar-Stash, O.4    Cox, E.5    Roberts, J.D.6    Hunkeler, D.7
  • 3
    • 0028995674 scopus 로고
    • Marine algae - A source of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene
    • Abrahamson, K., Ekdahl, A., Collen, J., Pedersen, M., 1995. Marine algae - a source of thrichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. Limnology and Oceanography 40, 1321-1326. (Pubitemid 3016477)
    • (1995) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 1321-1326
    • Abrahamsson, K.1    Ekdahl, A.2    Collen, J.3    Pedersen, M.4
  • 4
    • 0035887272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for the stable isotopic analysis of chlorine in chlorate and perchlorate compounds
    • DOI 10.1021/ac010489u
    • Ader, M., Coleman, M.L., Doyle, S.P., Stroud, M.S., Wakelin, D., 2001. Methods for the stable isotopic analysis of chlorine in chlorate and perchlorate compounds. Analytical Chemistry 73, 4946-4950. (Pubitemid 32980116)
    • (2001) Analytical Chemistry , vol.73 , Issue.20 , pp. 4946-4950
    • Ader, M.1    Coleman, M.L.2    Doyle, S.P.3    Stroud, M.4    Wakelin, D.5
  • 5
    • 75749142310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct compound specific stable chlorine isotope analysis of organic compounds with quadrupole GC/MS using standard isotope bracketing
    • Aeppli, C., Holmstrand, H., Andersson, P., Gustafsson, O., 2010. Direct compound specific stable chlorine isotope analysis of organic compounds with quadrupole GC/MS using standard isotope bracketing. Analytical Chemistry 82, 420-426.
    • (2010) Analytical Chemistry , vol.82 , pp. 420-426
    • Aeppli, C.1    Holmstrand, H.2    Andersson, P.3    Gustafsson, O.4
  • 7
    • 0032998980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organohalogen substances in muscle, egg and blood from healthy Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic salmon that produced offspring with the M74 syndrome
    • Asplund, L., Athanasiadou, M., Sjödin, A., Bergman, A., Börjeson, H., 1999. Organehalogen substances in muscle, egg and blood from healthy Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic salmon that produced offspring with the M74 syndrome. Ambio 28, 67-76. (Pubitemid 29130840)
    • (1999) Ambio , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-76
    • Asplund, L.1    Athanasiadou, M.2    Sjodin, A.3    Bergman, A.4    Borjeson, H.5
  • 8
    • 0010472076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers in salmon (Salmo salar), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and the red algae (Ceramium tenuicorne) from the Baltic Sea - Natural production in Baltic Sea biota
    • Dioxin 2001
    • Asplund, L., Malmvaern, A., Marsh, G., Athanasiadou, M., Bergman, A., Kautsky, L., 2001. Hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers in salmon (Salmo salar), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and the red algae (Ceramium tenuicorne) from the Baltic Sea - natural production in Baltic Sea biota. Organohalogen Compounds 52 (Dioxin 2001), 67-70.
    • (2001) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.52 , pp. 67-70
    • Asplund, L.1    Malmvaern, A.2    Marsh, G.3    Athanasiadou, M.4    Bergman, A.5    Kautsky, L.6
  • 9
    • 0038342621 scopus 로고
    • The mass spectra of chemical elements (part 2)
    • Aston, F.W., 1920. The mass spectra of chemical elements (part 2). Philosophical Magazine 40, 628-634.
    • (1920) Philosophical Magazine , vol.40 , pp. 628-634
    • Aston, F.W.1
  • 10
    • 0034080979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine isotopes in fluid inclusions: Determination of the origins of salinity in magmatic fluids
    • DOI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00407-X, PII S001670379900407X
    • Banks, D.A., Green, R., Cliff, R.A., Yardley, B.W.D., 2000. Chlorine isotopes in fluid inclusions: determination of the origins of salinity in magmatic fluids. Geochimimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, 1785-1789. (Pubitemid 30327787)
    • (2000) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.64 , Issue.10 , pp. 1785-1789
    • Banks, D.A.1    Green, R.2    Cliff, R.A.3    Yardley, B.W.D.4
  • 11
    • 0032857604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic characterization of chlorinated solvents - Laboratory and field results
    • DOI 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00057-1, PII S0146638099000571
    • Beneteau, K.M., Aravena, R., Frape, S.K., 1999. Isotopic characterization of chlorinated solvents-laboratory and field results. Organic Geochemistry 30, 739-753. (Pubitemid 29449778)
    • (1999) Organic Geochemistry , vol.30 , Issue.8 A , pp. 739-753
    • Beneteau, K.M.1    Aravena, R.2    Frape, S.K.3
  • 13
    • 0037085078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotope ratios of methyl bromide and methyl chloride emitted from a coastal salt marsh
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL012946
    • Bill, M., Rhew, R.C., Weiss, R.F., Goldstein, A.H., 2002a. Carbon isotope ratios of methyl bromide and methyl chloride emitted from a coastal salt marsh. Geophysical Research Letters 29. doi:10.1029/2001GL012946.
    • (2002) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.29
    • Bill, M.1    Rhew, R.C.2    Weiss, R.F.3    Goldstein, A.H.4
  • 14
    • 0036714862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotope fractionation of methyl bromide during agricultural soil fumigations
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1019864024307
    • Bill, M., Miller, L.G., Goldstein, A.H., 2002b. Carbon isotope fractionation of methyl bromide during argricultural soil fumigations. Biogeochemistry 60, 181-190. (Pubitemid 35028817)
    • (2002) Biogeochemistry , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-190
    • Bill, M.1    Miller, L.G.2    Goldstein, A.H.3
  • 17
    • 0346665512 scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrograph analysis of bromine
    • Blewett, J.P., 1936. Mass spectrograph analysis of bromine. Physical Review 49, 900-903.
    • (1936) Physical Review , vol.49 , pp. 900-903
    • Blewett, J.P.1
  • 18
    • 0008286250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new brominated diphenyl ether from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea
    • Bowden, B.F., Towerzey, L., Junk, P.C., 2000. A new brominated diphenyl ether from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea. Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, 299-301.
    • (2000) Australian Journal of Chemistry , vol.53 , pp. 299-301
    • Bowden, B.F.1    Towerzey, L.2    Junk, P.C.3
  • 19
    • 0004263296 scopus 로고
    • Eldigio Press Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory
    • Broecker, W.S., Peng, T.H., 1982. Tracers in the Sea. Eldigio Press Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory.
    • (1982) Tracers in the Sea
    • Broecker, W.S.1    Peng, T.H.2
  • 20
    • 0028254895 scopus 로고
    • 3Br
    • DOI 10.1029/94GL00071
    • Butler, J.H., 1994. The potential role of the ocean in regulating atmospheric CH3Br. Geophysical Research Letters 21, 185-188. (Pubitemid 24403895)
    • (1994) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 185-188
    • Butler, J.H.1
  • 21
    • 0343357116 scopus 로고
    • Isotopen-Anreicherung beim Brom durch electrolytische Überführung in Geschmolzenem bleibromid
    • Cameron, A.E., Herr, W., Herzog, W., Lunden, A., 1956. Isotopen-Anreicherung beim Brom durch electrolytische Überführung in Geschmolzenem bleibromid. Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A 11a, 203-205.
    • (1956) Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A , vol.11 A , pp. 203-205
    • Cameron, A.E.1    Herr, W.2    Herzog, W.3    Lunden, A.4
  • 22
    • 0038681125 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic composition of bromine in nature
    • Cameron, A.E., Lippet Jr., E.L., 1955. Isotopic composition of bromine in nature. Science 121, 136-137.
    • (1955) Science , vol.121 , pp. 136-137
    • Cameron, A.E.1    Lippet Jr., E.L.2
  • 23
    • 79955612155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound-specific bromine isotope compositions of one natural and six industrially synthesised organobromine substances
    • Carrizo, d., Unger, M., Holmstrand, H., Andersson, p., Gustafsson, O., Sylva, S.P., Reddy, C.M., 2011. Compound-specific bromine isotope compositions of one natural and six industrially synthesised organobromine substances. Environmental Chemistry 8, 127-132.
    • (2011) Environmental Chemistry , vol.8 , pp. 127-132
    • Carrizo, D.1    Unger, M.2    Holmstrand, H.3    Andersson, P.4    Gustafsson, O.5    Sylva, S.P.6    Reddy, C.M.7
  • 25
    • 0037462056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations of bromophenols in brown algae (Padina arborescens, Sargassum siliquastrum, and Lobophora variegata) collected in Hong Kong
    • Chung, H.Y., Ma, W.C.J., Ang, P.O., Kim, J.S., Chen, F., 2003. Seasonal variations of bromophenols in brown algae (Padina arborescens, Sargassum siliquastrum, and Lobophora variegata) collected in Hong Kong. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, 2619-2624.
    • (2003) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , vol.51 , pp. 2619-2624
    • Chung, H.Y.1    Ma, W.C.J.2    Ang, P.O.3    Kim, J.S.4    Chen, F.5
  • 26
    • 0028297576 scopus 로고
    • Fires, atmospheric chemistry, and the ozone layer
    • Cicerone, R.J., 1994. Fire, atmospheric chemistry and the ozone layer. Science 263, 1243-1244. (Pubitemid 24107543)
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , Issue.5151 , pp. 1243-1244
    • Cicerone, R.J.1
  • 27
    • 0027428381 scopus 로고
    • Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans
    • Colborn, T., Vom Saal, F.S., Soto, A.M., 1993. Development effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environmental Health Perspective 101 (5), 378-384. (Pubitemid 23343683)
    • (1993) Environmental Health Perspectives , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 378-384
    • Colborn, T.1    Vom, S.F.S.2    Soto, A.M.3
  • 29
    • 57449091329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic and naturally occurring organobrominated compounds in two deep sea fish species from the Mediterranean Sea
    • Covaci, A., Losada, S., Roosens, L., Santos, F.J., Neels, H., Storelli, A., Storelli, M., 2008. Anthropogenic and naturally occurring organobrominated compounds in two deep sea fish species from the Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 8654-8660.
    • (2008) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.42 , pp. 8654-8660
    • Covaci, A.1    Losada, S.2    Roosens, L.3    Santos, F.J.4    Neels, H.5    Storelli, A.6    Storelli, M.7
  • 30
    • 11244281514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of carbon isotopes to document biodegradation of tert-butyl alcohol under field conditions
    • August
    • Day, M., Aravena, R., Hunkeler, D., Gulliver, T., August 2002. Application of carbon isotopes to document biodegradation of tert-butyl alcohol under field conditions. Contaminated Soil Sediment & Water, 88-92.
    • (2002) Contaminated Soil Sediment & Water , pp. 88-92
    • Day, M.1    Aravena, R.2    Hunkeler, D.3    Gulliver, T.4
  • 31
    • 0036220979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions of selected semi-volatile organochlorine compounds
    • DOI 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00004-9, PII S0146638002000049
    • Drenzek, N.J., Tarr, C.H., Eglinton, T.I., Heraty, L.J., Sturchio, N.C., Shiner, V.J., Reddy, C.M., 2002. Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic composition of selected semivolatile organochlorine compounds. Organic Geochemistry 33, 437-444. (Pubitemid 34294053)
    • (2002) Organic Geochemistry , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 437-444
    • Drenzek, N.J.1    Tarr, C.H.2    Eglinton, T.I.3    Heraty, L.J.4    Sturchio, N.C.5    Shiner, V.J.6    Reddy, C.M.7
  • 33
    • 33845663955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial variation in methyl bromide emissions from a salt marsh
    • Drewer, J., Heal, M.R., Heal, K.V., Smith, K.A., 2006. Temporal and spatial variation in methyl bromide emissions from a salt marsh. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L16808,
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33
    • Drewer, J.1    Heal, M.R.2    Heal, K.V.3    Smith, K.A.4
  • 34
    • 0024567514 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence for fractionation of stable chlorine isotopes in ore-forming hydrothermal systems
    • Eastoe, C.J., Guilbert, J.M., 1989. Preliminary evidence for fractionation of stable chlorine isotopes in ore-forming hydrothermal systems. Geology 17, 285-288.
    • (1989) Geology , vol.17 , pp. 285-288
    • Eastoe, C.J.1    Guilbert, J.M.2
  • 35
    • 0027085981 scopus 로고
    • Stable chlorine isotopes in hydrothermal processes
    • Eastoe, C.J., Guilbert, J.M., 1992. Stable chlorine isotopes in hydrothermal processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 4247-4255. (Pubitemid 23389030)
    • (1992) Goechimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.56 , Issue.12 , pp. 4247-4255
    • Eastoe, C.J.1    Guilbert, J.M.2
  • 37
    • 0031464915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine stable isotopes in carbonatites: Evidence of isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle
    • Eggenkamp, H.G.M., van Groos, A.F.K., 1997. Chlorine stable isotopes in carbonatites: evidence of isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle. Chemical Geology 140, 137-140.
    • (1997) Chemical Geology , vol.140 , pp. 137-140
    • Eggenkamp, H.G.M.1    Van Groos, A.F.K.2
  • 38
    • 0034038779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rediscovery of classical methods and their application to the measurement of stable bromine isotopes in natural samples
    • Eggenkamp, H.G.M., Coleman, M.L., 2000. Rediscovery of classical methods and their application to the measurement of stable bromine isotopes in natural samples. Chemical Geology 167, 393.
    • (2000) Chemical Geology , vol.167 , pp. 393
    • Eggenkamp, H.G.M.1    Coleman, M.L.2
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0033580622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread occurrence of natural halogenated organics among temperate marine infauna
    • Fielman, K.T., Woodin, S.A., Walia, M.D., Lincoln, D.E., 1999. Widespread occurrence of natural halogenated organics among temperate marine infauna. Marine EcologyeProgress Series 181, 1-12. (Pubitemid 29263327)
    • (1999) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.181 , pp. 1-12
    • Fielman, K.T.1    Woodin, S.A.2    Walla, M.D.3    Lincoln, D.E.4
  • 41
    • 0032905607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in bromophenol content and bromoperoxidase activity in Ulva lactuca
    • DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00668-2, PII S0031942298006682
    • Flodin, C., Helidoniotis, F., Whitfield, F.B., 1999. Seasonal variation in bromophenol content and bromoperoxidase activity in Ulva lactuca. Phytochemistry 51,135-138. (Pubitemid 29232797)
    • (1999) Phytochemistry , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-138
    • Flodin, C.1    Helidoniotis, F.2    Whitfield, F.B.3
  • 42
    • 0033984408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated anisoles and cresols in the red alga Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa
    • DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00429-X, PII S003194229900429X
    • Flodin, C., Whitfield, F.B., 2000. Brominated anisoles and cresols in the red alga Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa. Phytochemistry 53, 77-80. (Pubitemid 30056850)
    • (2000) Phytochemistry , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-80
    • Flodin, C.1    Whitfield, F.B.2
  • 45
    • 0000652020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longithorones, Unique Prenylated Para- and Metacyclophane Type Quinones from the Tunicate Aplidium longithorax
    • Fu, X., Bilayet Hossain, M., Schmitz, F.J., Van der Helm, D., 1997. Longithorones unique prenylated para and metacyclophane type quinines from the tunicate aplidium longithorax. Journal of Organic Chemistry 62, 3810-3819. (Pubitemid 127494791)
    • (1997) Journal of Organic Chemistry , vol.62 , Issue.12 , pp. 3810-3819
    • Fu, X.1    Hossain, M.B.2    Schmitz, F.J.3    Van Der, H.D.4
  • 46
    • 72249105103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High precision determination of bromine isotope ratio by GC-MC-ICPMS
    • Gelman, G., Halicz, L., 2010. High precision determination of bromine isotope ratio by GC-MC-ICPMS. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 289, 167-169.
    • (2010) International Journal of Mass Spectrometry , vol.289 , pp. 167-169
    • Gelman, G.1    Halicz, L.2
  • 47
    • 2242424481 scopus 로고
    • Carbon-halogen bond energies and bond distances
    • Glockler, G., 1959. Carbon-halogen bond energies and bond distances. Journal of Physical Chemistry 63, 828-832.
    • (1959) Journal of Physical Chemistry , vol.63 , pp. 828-832
    • Glockler, G.1
  • 48
    • 1842721454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-calibration of chlorine isotopic measurements and suitability of seawater as the international reference material
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.11.019, PII S0009254104000592
    • Godon, A., Jendrzejewski, N., Eggenkamp, H.G.M., Banks, D.A., Ader, M., Coleman, M.L., Pineau, F., 2004. A cross-calibration of chlorine isotopic measurements and suitability of seawater as the international reference material. Chemical Geology 207, 1-12. (Pubitemid 38728513)
    • (2004) Chemical Geology , vol.207 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-12
    • Godon, A.R.1    Jendrzejewski, N.2    Eggenkamp, H.G.M.3    Banks, D.A.4    Ader, M.5    Coleman, M.L.6    Pineau, F.7
  • 49
    • 0000383146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The budget and cycle of Earth's natural chlorine
    • Graedel, T.E., Keene, W.C., 1996. The budget and cycle of Earth's natural chlorine. Pure & Applied Chemistry 68 (9), 1689-1697. (Pubitemid 126461827)
    • (1996) Pure and Applied Chemistry , vol.68 , Issue.9 , pp. 1689-1697
    • Graedel, T.E.1    Keene, W.C.2
  • 51
    • 0004152586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • second ed. ButterwortheHeinemann, Oxford, ISBN 0080379419
    • Greenwood, N.N., Earnshaw, A., 1997. Chemistry of the Elements, second ed. ButterwortheHeinemann, Oxford, ISBN 0080379419. 795 p.
    • (1997) Chemistry of the Elements , pp. 795
    • Greenwood, N.N.1    Earnshaw, A.2
  • 53
    • 0001655184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds
    • Gribble, G.W., 1998. Naturally occurring organohalogen compounds. Accounts of Chemical Research 31, 141-152. (Pubitemid 128473643)
    • (1998) Accounts of Chemical Research , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-152
    • Gribble, G.W.1
  • 54
    • 0033469562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of naturally occurring organobromine compounds
    • Gribble, G.W., 1999. The diversity of naturally occurring organobromine compounds. Chemistry Society Reviews 28, 335-346.
    • (1999) Chemistry Society Reviews , vol.28 , pp. 335-346
    • Gribble, G.W.1
  • 55
    • 34147164504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazing organohalogens
    • Gribble, G.W., 2004. Amazing organohalogens. American Scientist 92, 342-349.
    • (2004) American Scientist , vol.92 , pp. 342-349
    • Gribble, G.W.1
  • 56
    • 77349093059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring organohalogen compounds - A comprehensive update
    • Springle Wien New York, ISBN 978-3-211-99322-4
    • Gribble, G.W., 2010. Naturally occurring organohalogen compounds - a comprehensive update. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 91. Springle Wien New York, ISBN 978-3-211-99322-4.
    • (2010) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products , vol.91
    • Gribble, G.W.1
  • 57
    • 0343580450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and quantification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers in baltic biota
    • DOI 10.1021/es9702834
    • Haglund, P.S., Zook, D.R., Buser, H.-R., Hu, J., 1997. Identification and quantification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Baltic Biota. Environmental Science & Technology 31, 3281-3287. (Pubitemid 27500293)
    • (1997) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 3281-3287
    • Haglund, P.S.1    Zook, D.R.2    Buser, H.-R.3    Hu, J.4
  • 58
    • 63449141913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newisotope ratio mass spectrometric method of precise d37Cl determinations
    • Halas, S., Pelc, A., 2009. Newisotope ratio mass spectrometric method of precise d37Cl determinations. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23, 1061-1064.
    • (2009) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.23 , pp. 1061-1064
    • Halas, S.1    Pelc, A.2
  • 59
    • 0031459575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four new bioactive polybrominated diphenyl ethers of the sponge Dysidea herbacea from West Sumatra, Indonesia
    • DOI 10.1021/np970271w
    • Handayani, D., Edrada, R.A., Proksch, P., Wray, V., Witte, L., Vansoest, R.W., Kunzhann, A., Soedarsono, 1997. Four new bioactive polybrominated diphenyl ethers of the sponge Dysidea herbacea fromWest Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Natural Products 60, 1313-1316. (Pubitemid 28030259)
    • (1997) Journal of Natural Products , vol.60 , Issue.12 , pp. 1313-1316
    • Handayani, D.1    Edrada, R.A.2    Proksch, P.3    Wray, V.4    Witte, L.5    Van Soest, R.W.M.6    Kunzmann, A.7    Soedarsono8
  • 60
    • 0032869461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotope systematics of monoaromatic hydrocarbons: Vaporization and adsorption experiments
    • DOI 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00059-5, PII S0146638099000595
    • Harrington, R.R., Poulson, S.R., Drever, J.I., Colberg, P.J.S., Kelly, E.F., 1999. Carbon isotope systematic of monoaromatic hydrocarbons: vaporization and adsorption experiments. Organic Geochemistry 30, 765-775. (Pubitemid 29449780)
    • (1999) Organic Geochemistry , vol.30 , Issue.8 A , pp. 765-775
    • Harrington, R.R.1    Poulson, S.R.2    Drever, J.I.3    Colberg, P.J.S.4    Kelly, E.F.5
  • 61
  • 63
    • 33751157436 scopus 로고
    • Environmental estrogens linked to reproductive abnormalities, cancer
    • 31 January
    • Hileman, B., 31 January 1994. Environmental estrogens linked to reproductive abnormalities, cancer. Chemical & Engineering News, 19-23.
    • (1994) Chemical & Engineering News , pp. 19-23
    • Hileman, B.1
  • 64
    • 0000483638 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and origin of formation waters in the western Canada sedimentary basin d III. Factors controlling chemical composition
    • Hitchon, B., Billings, G., Klovan, J., 1971. Geochemistry and origin of formation waters in the western Canada sedimentary basin d III. Factors controlling chemical composition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35, 567-598.
    • (1971) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.35 , pp. 567-598
    • Hitchon, B.1    Billings, G.2    Klovan, J.3
  • 65
    • 80053222801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel approach to the determination of isotopic ratios for organically bound chlorine, bromine and sulphur
    • Hitzfeld, K.L., gehre, M., Richnow, H.H., 2011. A novel approach to the determination of isotopic ratios for organically bound chlorine, bromine and sulphur. Rapid Communication of Mass Spectrometry 25, 3114-3122.
    • (2011) Rapid Communication of Mass Spectrometry , vol.25 , pp. 3114-3122
    • Hitzfeld, K.L.1    Gehre, M.2    Richnow, H.H.3
  • 66
  • 67
    • 1942486900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine Isotope Analysis of Submicromole Organochlorine Samples by Sealed Tube Combustion and Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1021/ac0354802
    • Holmstrand, H., Andersson, P., Gustafsson, Ö., 2004. Chlorine isotope analysis of submicromole organochlorine samples by sealed tube combustion and thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 76, 2336-2342. (Pubitemid 38496077)
    • (2004) Analytical Chemistry , vol.76 , Issue.8 , pp. 2336-2342
    • Holmstrand, H.1    Andersson, P.2    Gustafsson, O.3
  • 69
    • 35348894035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First compound-specific chlorine-isotope analysis of environmentally- bioaccumulated organochlorines indicates a degradation-relatable kinetic isotope effect for DDT
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.067, PII S0045653507007230
    • Holmstrand, H., Mandalakis, M., Zencak, Z., Andersson, P., Gustafsson, Ö., 2007. First compound-specific chlorine-isotope analysis of environmentallybioaccumulated organochlorines indicates a degradation relatable kinetic isotope effect for DDT. Chemosphere 69, 1533-1539. (Pubitemid 47575696)
    • (2007) Chemosphere , vol.69 , Issue.10 , pp. 1533-1539
    • Holmstrand, H.1    Mandalakis, M.2    Zencak, Z.3    Andersson, P.4    Gustafsson, O.5
  • 71
    • 77955664186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine isotope evidence for the anthropogenic origin of tris-(4-chlorophenyl) methane
    • Holmstrand, H., Zencak, Z., Mandalakis, M., Andersson, P., Gustafsson, O., 2010b. Chlorine isotope evidence for the anthropogenic origin of tris-(4-chlorophenyl) methane. Applied Geochemistry 25, 1301-1306.
    • (2010) Applied Geochemistry , vol.25 , pp. 1301-1306
    • Holmstrand, H.1    Zencak, Z.2    Mandalakis, M.3    Andersson, P.4    Gustafsson, O.5
  • 72
    • 0030872040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of chlorinated organic compounds to carbon dioxide and methyl chloride for isotopic analysis of carbon and chlorine
    • Holt, B.D., Sturchio, N.C., Abrajano, T.A., Heraty, L.J., 1997. Conversion of chlorinated organic compounds to carbon dioxide and methyl chloride for isotopic analysis of carbon and chlorine. Analytical Chemistry 69, 2727-2733.
    • (1997) Analytical Chemistry , vol.69 , pp. 2727-2733
    • Holt, B.D.1    Sturchio, N.C.2    Abrajano, T.A.3    Heraty, L.J.4
  • 74
    • 4344580472 scopus 로고
    • Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals
    • Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan
    • Howard, P.H., 1989. Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals. In: Large Production and Priority Pollutants, vol I. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, 386-393 pp.
    • (1989) Large Production and Priority Pollutants , vol.1 , pp. 386-393
    • Howard, P.H.1
  • 75
    • 0032857605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by evaporation
    • DOI 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00060-1, PII S0146638099000601
    • Huang, L., Sturchio, N.C., Abrajano, T.A., Heraty, L.J., Holt, B.D., 1999. Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by evaporation. Organic Geochemistry 30, 777-785. (Pubitemid 29449781)
    • (1999) Organic Geochemistry , vol.30 , Issue.8 A , pp. 777-785
    • Huang, L.1    Sturchio, N.C.2    Abrajano Jr., T.3    Heraty, L.J.4    Holt, B.D.5
  • 79
    • 0003764882 scopus 로고
    • IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety), World Health Organization, Geneva
    • IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety), 1995. Environmental Health Criteria 166. Methyl Bromide. World Health Organization, Geneva.
    • (1995) Environmental Health Criteria 166. Methyl Bromide
  • 80
    • 28744447107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCLID, European Chemicals Bureau, International Uniform Chemicals Information Database, Ispra
    • IUCLID, 2003. Data Set for 2,4,6-tribromophenol. European Chemicals Bureau, International Uniform Chemicals Information Database, Ispra.
    • (2003) Data Set for 2,4,6-tribromophenol
  • 81
    • 84994800753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic composition of the elements 1997
    • IUPAC
    • IUPAC, 1998. Isotopic composition of the elements 1997. Pure Applied Chemistry 70, 217-235.
    • (1998) Pure Applied Chemistry , vol.70 , pp. 217-235
  • 83
    • 0030769945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential determination of chlorine and carbon isotopic composition in single microliter samples of chlorinated solvent
    • Jendrzejewski, N., Eggenkamp, H.G.M., Coleman, M.L., 1997. Sequential determination of chlorine and carbon isotopic composition in single microliter samples of chlorinated solvent. Analytical Chemistry 69, 4259-4266.
    • (1997) Analytical Chemistry , vol.69 , pp. 4259-4266
    • Jendrzejewski, N.1    Eggenkamp, H.G.M.2    Coleman, M.L.3
  • 84
    • 0035025452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of chlorinated hydrocarbons from chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions: Scope of application to environmental problems
    • DOI 10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00083-4, PII S0883292700000834
    • Jendrzejewski, N., Eggenkamp, H.G.M., Coleman, M.L., 2001. Characterisation of chlorinated hydrocarbons from chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions: scope of application to environmental problems. Applied Geochemistry 16, 1021-1031. (Pubitemid 32417911)
    • (2001) Applied Geochemistry , vol.16 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 1021-1031
    • Jendrzejewski, N.1    Eggenkamp, H.G.M.2    Coleman, M.L.3
  • 86
    • 79959283687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine isotope analysis of organic contaminants using GC-qMS method optimization and comparison of different evaluation schemes
    • Jin, B., Laskov, C., Rolle, M., Haderlein, S.B., 2011. Chlorine isotope analysis of organic contaminants using GC-qMS method optimization and comparison of different evaluation schemes. Environmental Science & Technology 45, 5279-5286.
    • (2011) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.45 , pp. 5279-5286
    • Jin, B.1    Laskov, C.2    Rolle, M.3    Haderlein, S.B.4
  • 88
    • 0027455202 scopus 로고
    • Chlorine stable isotope distribution of Michigan Basin formation waters
    • DOI 10.1016/0883-2927(93)90008-5
    • Kaufmann, R.S., Frape, S.K., Mcnutt, R., Eastoe, C.J., 1993. Chlorine stable isotope distribution of Michigan Basin formation waters. Applied Geochemistry 8, 403-407. (Pubitemid 23393604)
    • (1993) Applied Geochemistry , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 403-407
    • Kaufmann, R.S.1    Frape, S.K.2    McNutt, R.3    Eastoe, C.4
  • 89
    • 34548219800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bromine
    • Marshall, C.P., Fairbridge, R.W. (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Germany
    • Kaufmann, R.S., 1999. Bromine. In: Marshall, C.P., Fairbridge, R.W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Germany, 49 p.
    • (1999) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry , pp. 49
    • Kaufmann, R.S.1
  • 90
    • 0000169988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends of a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), a methoxylated PBDE, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in Swedish biota
    • Kierkegaard, A., Sellstrom, U., Bignert, A., Olsson, M., Asplund, L., Jansson, B., De Witt, C., 1999. Temporal trends of a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), a methoxylated PBDE, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in Swedish biota. Organohalogen Compounds 40, 367-370.
    • (1999) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.40 , pp. 367-370
    • Kierkegaard, A.1    Sellstrom, U.2    Bignert, A.3    Olsson, M.4    Asplund, L.5    Jansson, B.6    De Witt, C.7
  • 91
    • 0031431051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of methyl bromide in coastal seawater: chemical and biological rates
    • King, D.B., Saltzman, E.S., 1997. Removal of methyl bromide in coastal seawater: chemical and biological rates. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 18715-18721. (Pubitemid 28074804)
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , Issue.C8 , pp. 18715-18721
    • King, D.B.1    Saltzman, E.S.2
  • 92
    • 0036882668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses to demonstrate anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE in groundwater at a gasoline release site
    • DOI 10.1021/es025704i
    • Kolhatkar, R., Kuder, T., Philp, P., Allen, J., Wilson, J.T., 2002. Use of compound specific stable carbon isotope analyses to demonstrate anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE in groundwater at a gasoline release site. Environmental Science & Technology 36, 5139-5146. (Pubitemid 35424853)
    • (2002) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.36 , Issue.23 , pp. 5139-5146
    • Kolhatkar, R.1    Kuder, T.2    Philp, P.3    Allen, J.4    Wilson, J.T.5
  • 94
    • 0021836441 scopus 로고
    • A biologically active diphenyl ether from the green alga Cladophora fascicularis
    • DOI 10.1007/BF01966182
    • Kuniyoshi, M., Yamada, K., Higa, T., 1985. A biologically active diphenyl ether from the green algae Cladophora fascicularis. Experientia 41, 523-524. (Pubitemid 15065684)
    • (1985) Experientia , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 523-524
    • Kuniyoshi, M.1    Yamada, K.2    Higa, T.3
  • 95
    • 84863806552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved 2008-09-03
    • Lyday, Phyllis A., 2008a. Commodity Report 2007a: Bromine. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-09-03. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/ commodity/bromine/bromimcs07.pdf.
    • (2008) Commodity Report 2007a: Bromine
    • Lyday, P.A.1
  • 96
    • 84863786485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved 2008-09-03
    • Lyday, Phyllis A., 2008b. Mineral Yearbook 2007b: Bromine. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-09-03. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/ commodity/bromine/myb1-2006-bromi.pdf.
    • (2008) Mineral Yearbook 2007b: Bromine
    • Lyday, P.A.1
  • 98
    • 25944453780 scopus 로고
    • Isotopenanreicherung bei Brom durch electrolytische U berfuhrung in geschmolzenem Zinkbromid
    • Lunden, A., Lodding, A., 1960. Isotopenanreicherung bei Brom durch electrolytische U berfuhrung in geschmolzenem Zinkbromid. Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A 15a, 320-322.
    • (1960) Zeitschrift Naturforschung Teil A , vol.15 A , pp. 320-322
    • Lunden, A.1    Lodding, A.2
  • 99
    • 4143105776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bromide levels in natural waters: Its relationship to levels of both chloride and total dissolved solids and the implications for water treatment
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.056, PII S0045653504003935
    • Magazinovic, R.S., Nicholson, B.C., Mulchay, D.E., Davey, D.E., 2004. Bromide levels in natural waters: its relationship to levels of both chloride and total dissolved solids and the implications for water treatment. Chemosphere 57, 329-335. (Pubitemid 39092779)
    • (2004) Chemosphere , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 329-335
    • Magazinovic, R.S.1    Nicholson, B.C.2    Mulcahy, D.E.3    Davey, D.E.4
  • 100
    • 0028554425 scopus 로고
    • Precise determination of stable chlorine isotopic ratios in low-concentration natural samples
    • Magenheim, A.J., Spivack, A.J., Volpe, C., Ransom, B., 1994. Precise determination of stable chlorine isotopic ratios in low-concentration natural samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 3117-3121.
    • (1994) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.58 , pp. 3117-3121
    • Magenheim, A.J.1    Spivack, A.J.2    Volpe, C.3    Ransom, B.4
  • 101
    • 39149123565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls isolated from Aroclor and Clophen technical mixtures
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.004, PII S0045653507011241
    • Mandalakis, M., Holmstrand, H., Andersson, P., Gustafsson, O., 2008. Compound specific chlorine isotope analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls isolated from Arochlor and Clophen technicalmixtures. Chemosphere 71, 299-305. (Pubitemid 351258043)
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-305
    • Mandalakis, M.1    Holmstrand, H.2    Andersson, P.3    Gustafsson, O.4
  • 102
    • 0028179606 scopus 로고
    • Emission of methyl bromide from biomass burning
    • Manö, S., Andreae, M.O., 1994. Emission of methyl bromide from biomass burning. Science 263, 1255-1257.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 1255-1257
    • Manö, S.1    Andreae, M.O.2
  • 105
    • 34247236732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs) and other halogenated natural products from the Mediterranean sponge Scalarispongia scalaris in marine biota
    • DOI 10.1007/s00244-006-0141-0
    • Melcher, J., Janussen, D., Garson, M.J., Hiebl, J., Vetter, W., 2007. Polibrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs) and other halogenated natural products from the Mediterranean sponge Scalarispongia Scalaris in marine biota. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52, 512-518. (Pubitemid 46626283)
    • (2007) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 512-518
    • Melcher, J.1    Janussen, D.2    Garson, M.J.3    Hiebl, J.4    Vetter, W.5
  • 106
    • 84863806551 scopus 로고
    • West Virginia University. Extension Service, WLG 314
    • Meredith, J.E., 1995. Chlorine and the Environment. West Virginia University. Extension Service, WLG 314.
    • (1995) Chlorine and the Environment
    • Meredith, J.E.1
  • 107
    • 34250358315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential use of environmental isotopes in pollutant migration studies
    • DOI 10.2478/v10004-007-0015-5
    • Miljevic, N., Golobocanin, D., 2007. Potential use of environmental isotopes in pollutant migration studies. Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju 58, 251-262. (Pubitemid 46918170)
    • (2007) Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-262
    • Miljevic, N.1    Golobocanin, D.2
  • 108
    • 0036795084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope fractionation during aerobic bacterial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons
    • DOI 10.1128/AEM.68.10.5191-5194.2002
    • Morasch, B., Richnow, H.H., Schink, B., Vieth, A., Meckenstock, R.U., 2002. Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope fractionation during aerobic bacterial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Applied Environmental Microbiology 68, 5191-5194. (Pubitemid 35154836)
    • (2002) Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol.68 , Issue.10 , pp. 5191-5194
    • Morasch, B.1    Richnow, H.H.2    Schink, B.3    Vieth, A.4    Meckenstock, R.U.5
  • 112
    • 0035153791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precise measurement of chlorine stable isotopic ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry
    • Numata, T., Nakamura, N., Gamo, T., 2001. Precise measurement of chlorine stable isotopic ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Geochemical Journal 35, 89-100. (Pubitemid 33056027)
    • (2001) Geochemical Journal , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-100
    • Numata, M.1    Nakamura, N.2    Gamo, T.3
  • 113
    • 0036225673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural chlorine cycle - Fitting the scattered pieces
    • DOI 10.1007/s00253-001-0895-2
    • Öberg, G., 2002. The natural chlorine cycle-fitting the scattered pieces. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 58, 565-581. (Pubitemid 34299220)
    • (2002) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 565-581
    • Oberg, G.1
  • 114
    • 0034235760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nestling blood of the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) as an indicator of territorial exposure to organohalogen compounds - An evaluation
    • DOI 10.1021/es991426k
    • Olsson, A., Ceder, K., Bergman, A., Helander, B., 2000. Nestling blood of the Whitetailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) as an indicator of territorial exposure to organohalogen compounds - an evaluation. Environmental Science & Technology 34, 2733-2740. (Pubitemid 30436977)
    • (2000) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.34 , Issue.13 , pp. 2733-2740
    • Olsson, A.1    Ceder, K.2    Bergman, A.3    Helander, B.4
  • 117
    • 60149112953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative ion source for chlorine isotope ratio measurements
    • Pelc, A., Halas, S., 2008. Negative ion source for chlorine isotope ratio measurements. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 22, 3977-3982.
    • (2008) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.22 , pp. 3977-3982
    • Pelc, A.1    Halas, S.2
  • 118
    • 84873993315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking chlorinated solvents in the environment
    • Hester, R.E. (Ed.), 2008. R.M. Royal Society of Chemistry, Harrison, ISBN 978-0-85404-957-8
    • Petrisor, I.G., Wells, J.T., 2008. Tracking chlorinated solvents in the environment. In: Hester, R.E. (Ed.), 2008. Environmental Forensic in Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 26. R.M. Royal Society of Chemistry, Harrison, ISBN 978-0-85404-957-8, p. 130.
    • (2008) Environmental Forensic in Issues in Environmental Science and Technology , vol.26 , pp. 130
    • Petrisor, I.G.1    Wells, J.T.2
  • 119
    • 34547101949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: A review
    • Philp, R.T., 2007. The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 5, 57-66.
    • (2007) Environmental Chemistry Letters , vol.5 , pp. 57-66
    • Philp, R.T.1
  • 122
    • 0034657218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine stable isotopes: A comparison of dual inlet and thermal ionization mass spectrometric measurements
    • DOI 10.1021/ac991297q
    • Rosenbaum, J.M., Cliff, R.A., Coleman, M.L., 2000. Chlorine stable isotopes: a comparison of dual inlet and thermal ionization mass spectrometric measurements. Analytical Chemistry 72, 2261-2264. (Pubitemid 30322289)
    • (2000) Analytical Chemistry , vol.72 , Issue.10 , pp. 2261-2264
    • Rosenbaum, J.M.1    Cliff, R.A.2    Coleman, M.L.3
  • 123
    • 34548603303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and evaluation of dechlorination processes using compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis
    • DOI 10.1002/rcm.3170
    • Sagaguchi-Soder, K., Jager, J., Grund, H., Matthaus, F., Schuth, C., 2007. Monitoring and evaluation of dechlorination processes using compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 21, 3077-3084. (Pubitemid 47401445)
    • (2007) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.21 , Issue.18 , pp. 3077-3084
    • Sakaguchi-Soder, K.1    Jager, J.2    Grund, H.3    Matthaus, F.4    Schuth, C.5
  • 125
    • 2942627079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of organic contaminants in natural environments: A critical review of the state of the art, prospects, and future challenges
    • Schmidt, T.C., Zwank, L., Elsner, M., Berg, M., Meckenstock, R.U., Haderlein, S.B., 2004. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of organic contaminants in natural environments: a critical review of the state of the art, prospects, and future challenges. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 379, 283-300.
    • (2004) Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry , vol.379 , pp. 283-300
    • Schmidt, T.C.1    Zwank, L.2    Elsner, M.3    Berg, M.4    Meckenstock, R.U.5    Haderlein, S.B.6
  • 127
    • 0035862720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable carbon isotope evidence for intrinsic bioremediation of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene at Area 6, Dover Air Force Base
    • Sherwood Lollar, B., Slater, G.F., Witt, M., Kleeda, G.M., Harkness, M., Spivack, J., 2001. Stable carbon isotope evidence for intrinsic bioremediation of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene at Area 6, Dover Air Force Base. Environmental Science & Technology 35, 261-269.
    • (2001) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.35 , pp. 261-269
    • Sherwood Lollar, B.1    Slater, G.F.2    Witt, M.3    Kleeda, G.M.4    Harkness, M.5    Spivack, J.6
  • 128
    • 34248200043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach for assessing total instrument uncertainty in compound-specific carbon isotope analysis:Implications for environmental remediation studies
    • Sherwood Lollar, B., Hirschorn, S.K., Chartrand, M.M.G., Lacrampe-Couloume, G., 2007. An approach for assessing total instrument uncertainty in compound-specific carbon isotope analysis:implications for environmental remediation studies. Analytical Chemistry 79, 3469-3475.
    • (2007) Analytical Chemistry , vol.79 , pp. 3469-3475
    • Sherwood Lollar, B.1    Hirschorn, S.K.2    Chartrand, M.M.G.3    Lacrampe-Couloume, G.4
  • 130
    • 0037291115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable hydrogen, carbon and chlorine isotope measurements of selected chlorinated organic solvents
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00085-2, PII S0169772202000852
    • Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J., 2003. Stable hydrogen, carbon and chlorine isotope measurements of selected chlorinated organic solvents. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 60, 211-228. (Pubitemid 36026515)
    • (2003) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology , vol.60 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 211-228
    • Shouakar-Stash, O.1    Frape, S.K.2    Drimmie, R.J.3
  • 131
    • 21644473010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of bromine stable isotopes using continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1021/ac048318n
    • Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J., 2005. Determination of bromine stable isotopes using continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 77, 4027-4033. (Pubitemid 40934268)
    • (2005) Analytical Chemistry , vol.77 , Issue.13 , pp. 4027-4033
    • Shouakar-Stash, O.1    Frape, S.K.2    Drimmie, R.J.3
  • 132
    • 33646126936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound specific chlorine isotope ratios of TCE, PCE and DCE isomers by direct injection using CFIRMS
    • Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J., Zhang, M., Frape, S.K., 2006. Compound specific chlorine isotope ratios of TCE, PCE and DCE isomers by direct injection using CFIRMS. Applied Geochemistry 21, 766-781.
    • (2006) Applied Geochemistry , vol.21 , pp. 766-781
    • Shouakar-Stash, O.1    Drimmie, R.J.2    Zhang, M.3    Frape, S.K.4
  • 133
    • 33847405801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and stable isotopic signatures, including chlorine and bromine isotopes, of the deep groundwaters of the Siberian Platform, Russia
    • Shouakar-Stash, O., Alexeev, S.V., Frape, S.K., Alexeeva, L.P., Drimmie, R.J., 2007. Geochemistry and stable isotopic signatures, including chlorine and bromine isotopes, of the deep groundwaters of the Siberian Platform, Russia. Applied Geochemistry 22, 589-605.
    • (2007) Applied Geochemistry , vol.22 , pp. 589-605
    • Shouakar-Stash, O.1    Alexeev, S.V.2    Frape, S.K.3    Alexeeva, L.P.4    Drimmie, R.J.5
  • 134
    • 72249085172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of compound specific chlorine stable isotopes of vinyl chloride by continuous flow- isotope ratio mass spectrometry (FC-IRMS)
    • Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., aravena, R., Gargini, A., Pasini, M., Drimmie, R.J., 2009. Analysis of compound specific chlorine stable isotopes of vinyl chloride by continuous flow- isotope ratio mass spectrometry (FC-IRMS). Environmental Forensics 10, 299-306.
    • (2009) Environmental Forensics , vol.10 , pp. 299-306
    • Shouakar-Stash, O.1    Frape, S.K.2    Aravena, R.3    Gargini, A.4    Pasini, M.5    Drimmie, R.J.6
  • 136
    • 0037094251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable carbon isotope fractionation during enhanced in situ bioremediation of trichloroethene
    • DOI 10.1021/es011162d
    • Song, D.L., Conrad, M.E., Sorenson, K.S., Alvarez-Cohen, L., 2002. Stable carbon isotope fractionation during enhanced in situ bioremediation of trichloroethene. Environmental Science & Technology 36, 2262-2268. (Pubitemid 34526106)
    • (2002) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 2262-2268
    • Song, D.L.1    Conrad, M.E.2    Sorenson, K.S.3    Alvarez-Cohen, L.4
  • 140
    • 35348958017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 79Br analysis by capillary gas chromatography/multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1002/rcm.3211
    • Sylva, S.P., Ball, L., Nelson, R.K., Reddy, C.M., 2007. Compound-specific Br-81/Br-79 analysis by capillary gas chromatography/multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 21, 3301-3305. (Pubitemid 47598781)
    • (2007) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.21 , Issue.20 , pp. 3301-3305
    • Sylva, S.P.1    Ball, L.2    Nelson, R.K.3    Reddy, C.M.4
  • 141
    • 0001603465 scopus 로고
    • Chlorine isotopic ratios by negative ion mass spectrometry
    • Taylor, J.W., Grimsrud, E.P., 1969. Chlorine isotopic ratios by negative ion mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 41 (6), 805-810.
    • (1969) Analytical Chemistry , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 805-810
    • Taylor, J.W.1    Grimsrud, E.P.2
  • 144
    • 0000670258 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotopes in nature and in the laboratory
    • Urey, H.C., 1948. Oxygen isotopes in nature and in the laboratory. Science 108, 489-496.
    • (1948) Science , vol.108 , pp. 489-496
    • Urey, H.C.1
  • 145
    • 33745700423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GC/multiple collector - ICPMS method for chlorine stable isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
    • Van Acker, M.R.M.D., Shahar, A., Young, E.D., Coleman, M.L., 2006. GC/multiple collector - ICPMS method for chlorine stable isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Analytical Chemistry 78 (13), 4663-4667.
    • (2006) Analytical Chemistry , vol.78 , Issue.13 , pp. 4663-4667
    • Van Acker, M.R.M.D.1    Shahar, A.2    Young, E.D.3    Coleman, M.L.4
  • 146
    • 41649120610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the rayleigh equation: Reactive transport modeling of isotope fractionation effects to improve quantification of biodegradation
    • DOI 10.1021/es071981j
    • Van Breukelen, B.M., Prommer, H., 2008. Beyond the Rayleigh equation:reactive transport modeling of isotope fractionation effects to improve quantification of biodegradation. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 2457-2463. (Pubitemid 351482914)
    • (2008) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.42 , Issue.7 , pp. 2457-2463
    • Van Breukelen, B.M.1    Prommer, H.2
  • 148
    • 0035887237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GC/ECNI-MS method for the identification of lipophilic anthropogenic and natural brominated compounds in marine samples
    • DOI 10.1021/ac015506u
    • Vetter, W., 2001. A GC/ECNI-MS method for the identification of lipophilic anthropogenic and natural brominated compounds in marine samples. Analytical Chemistry 73, 4951-4957. (Pubitemid 32980117)
    • (2001) Analytical Chemistry , vol.73 , Issue.20 , pp. 4951-4957
    • Vetter, W.1
  • 150
    • 0028572657 scopus 로고
    • Stable chlorine isotopic composition of marine aerosol particles in theWestern AtlanticOcean
    • Volpe, C., Spivack, A.J., 1994. Stable chlorine isotopic composition of marine aerosol particles in theWestern AtlanticOcean.Geophysical Research Letters 21,1161-1164.
    • (1994) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.21 , pp. 1161-1164
    • Volpe, C.1    Spivack, A.J.2
  • 153
    • 33746399455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global modelling of the atmospheric methyl bromide budget
    • DOI 10.1007/s10874-006-9020-3
    • Warwick, N.J., Pyle, J.A., Shallcross, D.E., 2006. Global modelling of the atmospheric methyl bromide budget. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 54, 133-159. (Pubitemid 44123494)
    • (2006) Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-159
    • Warwick, N.J.1    Pyle, J.A.2    Shallcross, D.E.3
  • 154
    • 7644228885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 37Cl of inorganic and total organic Cl in environmental samples
    • DOI 10.1021/ac0490200
    • Wassenaar, L.I., Koehler, G., 2004. An online technique for the determination of the d37Cl of inorganic and organic Cl in environmental samples. Analytical Chemistry 76, 6384-6388. (Pubitemid 39458472)
    • (2004) Analytical Chemistry , vol.76 , Issue.21 , pp. 6384-6388
    • Wassenaar, L.I.1    Koehler, G.2
  • 155
    • 0032768749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of bromophenols in species of marine algae from eastern Australia
    • DOI 10.1021/jf981080h
    • Whitfield, F.B., Helidoniotis, F., Shaw, K.J., Svoronos, D., 1999. Distribution of bromophenols in species of marine algae from eastern Australia. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 2367-2373. (Pubitemid 29325126)
    • (1999) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 2367-2373
    • Whitfield, F.B.1    Helidoniotis, F.2    Shaw, K.J.3    Svoronos, D.4
  • 156
    • 0343792945 scopus 로고
    • Capacitive integration to produce high precision isotope ratio measurements on methyl chloride and bromide
    • Willey, J.F., Taylor, J.W., 1978. Capacitive integration to produce high precision isotope ratio measurements on methyl chloride and bromide. Analytical Chemistry 50, 1930-1933.
    • (1978) Analytical Chemistry , vol.50 , pp. 1930-1933
    • Willey, J.F.1    Taylor, J.W.2
  • 157
    • 0038342540 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic constitution of tellurium, silicon, tungsten, molybdenum and bromine
    • Williams, D., Yuster, P., 1946. Isotopic constitution of tellurium, silicon, tungsten, molybdenum and bromine. Physical Reviews 69, 556-567.
    • (1946) Physical Reviews , vol.69 , pp. 556-567
    • Williams, D.1    Yuster, P.2
  • 158
    • 0003594271 scopus 로고
    • Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994
    • WMO, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
    • WMO, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 37, Geneva, 1995.
    • (1995) Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 37
  • 159
    • 0003594276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Assessment of Ozone depletion: 1998
    • WMO, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
    • WMO, 1999. Scientific Assessment of Ozone depletion: 1998, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 44, Geneva.
    • (1999) Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 44
  • 162
    • 0011553406 scopus 로고
    • A new method for the high precision isotopic measurement of bromine by thermal ionization mass spectrometry
    • Xiao, Y.K., Liu, W.G., Qi, H.P., Zhang, C.G., 1993. A new method for the high precision isotopic measurement of bromine by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Ion Process 123 (92), 117-123.
    • (1993) International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Ion Process , vol.123 , Issue.92 , pp. 117-123
    • Xiao, Y.K.1    Liu, W.G.2    Qi, H.P.3    Zhang, C.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.