Hair analysis of drugs involved in drug-facilitated sexual assault and detection of zolpidem in a suspected case

International Journal of Legal Medicine

Volumn 126, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 451-459

  Salomone, Alberto ^a   Gerace, Enrico ^a   Di Corcia, Daniele ^a   Martra, Gianmario ^b   Petrarulo, Michele ^a,c   Vincenti, Marco ^a,b  

^a Centro Regionale Antidoping A Bertinaria   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^c MAURIZIANO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Hair analysis; Keratin structure; Rape drugs; Zolpidem

Indexed keywords

HYPNOTIC SEDATIVE AGENT; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; ZOLPIDEM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CHEMISTRY; FEMALE; HAIR; HUMAN; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; RAPE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

ADULT; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; FEMALE; HAIR; HUMANS; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; PYRIDINES; RAPE;

EID: 84862139088     PISSN: 09379827     EISSN: 14371596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-011-0597-y     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Kintz P (2007) Bioanalytical procedures for detection of chemical agents in hair in the case of drug-facilitated crimes. Anal Bioanal Chem 388:1467-1474.
2. Negrusz A, Gaensslen RE (2003) Analytical developments in toxicological investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault. Anal Bioanal Chem 376:1192-1197.
3. LeBeau MA, Montgomery MA (2010) Challenges of drugfacilitated sexual assault. Forensic Sci Rev 22(1):1-6.
4. LeBeau MA, Mozayani A (2001) Collection of evidence from DFSA. In: LeBeau MA, Mozayani A (eds) Drug-facilitated sexual assault: a forensic handbook. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 197-209.
5. Negrusz A, Moore CM, Kern JL, Janicak PG, Strong MJ, Levy NA (2000) Quantitation of clonazepam and its major metabolite 7-aminoclonazepam in hair. J Anal Toxicol 24:614-620.
6. Villain M, Chèze M, Tracqui A, Ludes B, Kintz P (2004) Windows of detection of zolpidem in urine and hair: application to two drug facilitated sexual assaults. Forensic Sci Int 143:157- 161.
7. Negrusz A, Moore CM, Hinkel KB, Stockham TL, Verma M, Strong MJ, Janicak PG (2001) Deposition of 7-aminoflunitrazepam and flunitrazepam in hair after a single dose of Rohypnol. J Forensic Sci 46:1143-1151.
8. Pecoraro V, Astore IPL (1990) Measurement of hair growth under physiological conditions. In: Orphanos CE, Happle R (eds) Hair and hair disease. Springer, Berlin, p 237.
9. Villain M, Concheiro M, Cirimele V, Kintz P (2005) Screening method for benzodiazepines and hypnotics in hair at pg/mg level by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B 825:72-78.
10. Kintz P, Villain M, Dumestre-Toulet V, Ludes B (2005) Drugfacilitated sexual assault and analytical toxicology: the role of LCMS/MS. A case involving zolpidem. J Clin Forensic Med 12:36-41.
11. Chèze M, Duffort G, Deveaux M, Pèpin G (2005) Hair analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in toxicological investigation of drug-facilitated crimes: report of 128 cases over the period June 2003-May 2004 in metropolitan Paris. Forensic Sci Int 153:3-10.
12. Kintz P, Villain M, Concheiro M, Cirimele V (2005) Screening and confirmatory method for benzodiazepines and hypnotics in oral fluid by LC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int 150:213-220.
13. SOFT, AAFS. Forensic toxicology laboratory guidelines. SOFT and AAFS. 1.11.2006.
14. Peters FT, Drummer OH, Musshoff F (2007) Validation of new methods. Forensic Sci Int 165:216-224.
15. Robbins CR (2002) Chemical and physical behavior of human hair, 4th edn. Springer, New York.
16. Pragst F, Balikova MA (2006) State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse. Clin Chim Acta 370:17-49.
17. Duthel JM, Constant H, Vallon JJ, Rochet T, Miachon S (1992) Quantification by gas-chromatography with selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry of "natural" diazepam. J Chromatogr 579:85-91.
18. Wildmann J, Möhler H, Vetter W, Ranalder U, Schmidt K, Maurer R (1987) Diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam are found in rat brain and adrenal and may be of plant origin. J Neural Transm 70:383-398.
19. Unseld E, Klotz U (1989) Benzodiazepines: are they of natural origin? Pharm Res 6:1-3.
20. Schwartz MA, Koechlin BA, Postma E, Palmer S, Krol G (1965) Metabolism of diazepam in rat, dog and man. J Pharm Exp Ther 149:423-435.
21. Kaplan SA, Jack ML, Alexander K, Weinfeld RE (1973) Pharmacokinetic profile of diazepam in man following single intravenous and oral and chronic oral administration. J Pharm Sci 62:1789-1796.
22. Tada K, Moroji T, Sekiguchi R, Motomoura H, Noguchi T (1985) Liquid chromatography assay of diazepam and its major metabolite in serum, and application to pharmacokinetic study of high doses of diazepam in schizophrenics. Clin Chem 31:1712-1715.
23. Laloup M, Ramirez Fernandez MDM, Wood M, Maes V, De Boeck G, Vanbeckevoort Y, Samyn N (2007) Detection of diazepam in urine, hair and preserved oral fluid samples with LC-MS-MS after single and repeated administration of Myolastan ® and Valium®. Anal Bioanal Chem 388:1545-1556.
24. Stockham T, Rohrig TP (2010) The use of Z-drugs to facilitate sexual assault. Forensic Sci Rev 22:61-72.