Savings banks as an institutional import: The case of nineteenth-century Ireland

Financial History Review

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 31-55

  Ó Gráda, Cormac ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

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EID: 84862034379     PISSN: 09685650     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0968565003000027     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. My particular thanks to Jim O'Shea for supplying a copy of his database of Thurles Savings Bank accountholders. Thanks also to Fionn Ó Gráda, Tim O'Neill and Duncan Ross for help on various points, and to a referee for comments on an earlier draft. The research was assisted by financial support from the Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business.
2. British Parliamentary Papers [hereafter BPP], 1849 [437] XIV, First Report of the Select Committee on Savings Banks, App. 4.
3. See e.g. H. O. Horne, A History of Savings Banks (Oxford, 1947); A. Fishlow, 'The trustee savings banks, 1817-1861', Journal of Economic History, 21 (1961); P. L. Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914', in P. L. Payne (ed.), Studies in Scottish Business History (London, 1966); M. Moss and I. Russell, An Invaluable Treasure: The History of the Trustee Savings Banks (London, 1994); and A. Olmstead, New York City Mutual Savings Banks 1819-1861 (Chapel Hill, 1976). Parliamentary support for the Irish loan funds, which catered for small-scale borrowers rather than savers, was forthcoming around the same time; see A. Hollis and A. Sweetman, 'The life-cycle of a microfinance institution: the Irish loan funds', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46 (2001).
4. See e.g. H. O. Horne, A History of Savings Banks (Oxford, 1947); A. Fishlow, 'The trustee savings banks, 1817-1861', Journal of Economic History, 21 (1961); P. L. Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914', in P. L. Payne (ed.), Studies in Scottish Business History (London, 1966); M. Moss and I. Russell, An Invaluable Treasure: The History of the Trustee Savings Banks (London, 1994); and A. Olmstead, New York City Mutual Savings Banks 1819-1861 (Chapel Hill, 1976). Parliamentary support for the Irish loan funds, which catered for small-scale borrowers rather than savers, was forthcoming around the same time; see A. Hollis and A. Sweetman, 'The life-cycle of a microfinance institution: the Irish loan funds', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46 (2001).
5. See e.g. H. O. Horne, A History of Savings Banks (Oxford, 1947); A. Fishlow, 'The trustee savings banks, 1817-1861', Journal of Economic History, 21 (1961); P. L. Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914', in P. L. Payne (ed.), Studies in Scottish Business History (London, 1966); M. Moss and I. Russell, An Invaluable Treasure: The History of the Trustee Savings Banks (London, 1994); and A. Olmstead, New York City Mutual Savings Banks 1819-1861 (Chapel Hill, 1976). Parliamentary support for the Irish loan funds, which catered for small-scale borrowers rather than savers, was forthcoming around the same time; see A. Hollis and A. Sweetman, 'The life-cycle of a microfinance institution: the Irish loan funds', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46 (2001).
6. See e.g. H. O. Horne, A History of Savings Banks (Oxford, 1947); A. Fishlow, 'The trustee savings banks, 1817-1861', Journal of Economic History, 21 (1961); P. L. Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914', in P. L. Payne (ed.), Studies in Scottish Business History (London, 1966); M. Moss and I. Russell, An Invaluable Treasure: The History of the Trustee Savings Banks (London, 1994); and A. Olmstead, New York City Mutual Savings Banks 1819-1861 (Chapel Hill, 1976). Parliamentary support for the Irish loan funds, which catered for small-scale borrowers rather than savers, was forthcoming around the same time; see A. Hollis and A. Sweetman, 'The life-cycle of a microfinance institution: the Irish loan funds', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46 (2001).
7. See e.g. H. O. Horne, A History of Savings Banks (Oxford, 1947); A. Fishlow, 'The trustee savings banks, 1817-1861', Journal of Economic History, 21 (1961); P. L. Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914', in P. L. Payne (ed.), Studies in Scottish Business History (London, 1966); M. Moss and I. Russell, An Invaluable Treasure: The History of the Trustee Savings Banks (London, 1994); and A. Olmstead, New York City Mutual Savings Banks 1819-1861 (Chapel Hill, 1976). Parliamentary support for the Irish loan funds, which catered for small-scale borrowers rather than savers, was forthcoming around the same time; see A. Hollis and A. Sweetman, 'The life-cycle of a microfinance institution: the Irish loan funds', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46 (2001).
8. See e.g. H. O. Horne, A History of Savings Banks (Oxford, 1947); A. Fishlow, 'The trustee savings banks, 1817-1861', Journal of Economic History, 21 (1961); P. L. Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914', in P. L. Payne (ed.), Studies in Scottish Business History (London, 1966); M. Moss and I. Russell, An Invaluable Treasure: The History of the Trustee Savings Banks (London, 1994); and A. Olmstead, New York City Mutual Savings Banks 1819-1861 (Chapel Hill, 1976). Parliamentary support for the Irish loan funds, which catered for small-scale borrowers rather than savers, was forthcoming around the same time; see A. Hollis and A. Sweetman, 'The life-cycle of a microfinance institution: the Irish loan funds', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46 (2001).
9. BPP, 1837/8 [137] XLVII, Number of Savings Banks in England, Scotland, and Ireland, Number of Depositors, &c., Table No. 14;J. Tidd Pratt, Progress of Savings Banks (London, 1845); W. H. Porter, 'Savings banks: a review of papers dealing with savings banks', Dublin University Magazine, 34 (1849); R. D. C. Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question 1817-1870 (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 152-3; and J. P. O'Shea, Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', in W. Corbett and W. Nolan (eds), Thurles: Cathedral Town (Dublin, 1989).
10. BPP, 1837/8 [137] XLVII, Number of Savings Banks in England, Scotland, and Ireland, Number of Depositors, &c., Table No. 14;J. Tidd Pratt, Progress of Savings Banks (London, 1845); W. H. Porter, 'Savings banks: a review of papers dealing with savings banks', Dublin University Magazine, 34 (1849); R. D. C. Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question 1817-1870 (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 152-3; and J. P. O'Shea, Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', in W. Corbett and W. Nolan (eds), Thurles: Cathedral Town (Dublin, 1989).
11. BPP, 1837/8 [137] XLVII, Number of Savings Banks in England, Scotland, and Ireland, Number of Depositors, &c., Table No. 14;J. Tidd Pratt, Progress of Savings Banks (London, 1845); W. H. Porter, 'Savings banks: a review of papers dealing with savings banks', Dublin University Magazine, 34 (1849); R. D. C. Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question 1817-1870 (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 152-3; and J. P. O'Shea, Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', in W. Corbett and W. Nolan (eds), Thurles: Cathedral Town (Dublin, 1989).
12. BPP, 1837/8 [137] XLVII, Number of Savings Banks in England, Scotland, and Ireland, Number of Depositors, &c., Table No. 14;J. Tidd Pratt, Progress of Savings Banks (London, 1845); W. H. Porter, 'Savings banks: a review of papers dealing with savings banks', Dublin University Magazine, 34 (1849); R. D. C. Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question 1817-1870 (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 152-3; and J. P. O'Shea, Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', in W. Corbett and W. Nolan (eds), Thurles: Cathedral Town (Dublin, 1989).
13. BPP, 1837/8 [137] XLVII, Number of Savings Banks in England, Scotland, and Ireland, Number of Depositors, &c., Table No. 14;J. Tidd Pratt, Progress of Savings Banks (London, 1845); W. H. Porter, 'Savings banks: a review of papers dealing with savings banks', Dublin University Magazine, 34 (1849); R. D. C. Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question 1817-1870 (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 152-3; and J. P. O'Shea, Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', in W. Corbett and W. Nolan (eds), Thurles: Cathedral Town (Dublin, 1989).
14. BPP, 1837/8 [137] XLVII, Number of Savings Banks in England, Scotland, and Ireland, Number of Depositors, &c., Table No. 14;J. Tidd Pratt, Progress of Savings Banks (London, 1845); W. H. Porter, 'Savings banks: a review of papers dealing with savings banks', Dublin University Magazine, 34 (1849); R. D. C. Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question 1817-1870 (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 152-3; and J. P. O'Shea, Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', in W. Corbett and W. Nolan (eds), Thurles: Cathedral Town (Dublin, 1989).
15. National Archives of Ireland [hereafter NAI], Official Papers 1844/85, replies from Waterford and Abbeyleix.
16. BPP, 1849 [344] XXX, Abstract Return of Savings Banks in England & Wales, Scotland and Ireland; Showing the Number of Officers, their Salaries and Allowances.
17. BPP, 1849 [344] XXX, Abstract Return of Savings Banks in England & Wales, Scotland and Ireland; Showing the Number of Officers, their Salaries and Allowances.
18. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank 1817-1917', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, XXIII, 116 (Dec. 1917); O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', pp. 95-7; M. Dillon, The History and Development of Banking in Ireland (London, 1889), p. 103; A. McCreary, By All Accounts: A History of Trustee Savings Banks in Northern Ireland (Antrim, 1991); and W. E. Tyrrell, History of Belfast Savings Bank (Belfast, 1946).
19. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank 1817-1917', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, XXIII, 116 (Dec. 1917); O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', pp. 95-7; M. Dillon, The History and Development of Banking in Ireland (London, 1889), p. 103; A. McCreary, By All Accounts: A History of Trustee Savings Banks in Northern Ireland (Antrim, 1991); and W. E. Tyrrell, History of Belfast Savings Bank (Belfast, 1946).
20. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank 1817-1917', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, XXIII, 116 (Dec. 1917); O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', pp. 95-7; M. Dillon, The History and Development of Banking in Ireland (London, 1889), p. 103; A. McCreary, By All Accounts: A History of Trustee Savings Banks in Northern Ireland (Antrim, 1991); and W. E. Tyrrell, History of Belfast Savings Bank (Belfast, 1946).
21. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank 1817-1917', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, XXIII, 116 (Dec. 1917); O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', pp. 95-7; M. Dillon, The History and Development of Banking in Ireland (London, 1889), p. 103; A. McCreary, By All Accounts: A History of Trustee Savings Banks in Northern Ireland (Antrim, 1991); and W. E. Tyrrell, History of Belfast Savings Bank (Belfast, 1946).
22. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank 1817-1917', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, XXIII, 116 (Dec. 1917); O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', pp. 95-7; M. Dillon, The History and Development of Banking in Ireland (London, 1889), p. 103; A. McCreary, By All Accounts: A History of Trustee Savings Banks in Northern Ireland (Antrim, 1991); and W. E. Tyrrell, History of Belfast Savings Bank (Belfast, 1946).
23. 8 BPP, 1852 [521] XXVIII, Return from each Savings Bank in the United Kingdom of the House or Building in which Business is Transacted, p. 403.
24. BPP, 1852 [521] XXVIII, Return from each Savings Bank in the United Kingdom of the House or Building in which Business is Transacted, p. 403.
25. E.g. P. L. Payne and L. E. Davis, The Savings Bank of Baltimore, 1818-1866 (Baltimore, 1956), pp. 27-32.
26. Hansard, 37 (1818), cols 1156, 1177 (General Thornton); col. 1157 (Mr Babington); col. 1178 (Chancellor of the Exchequer); David Ricardo, Works and Correspondence, ed. Piero Sraffa (Cambridge, 1951-55), V, pp. 128-9, and XI, p. xxi; Hansard, 2nd ser., 18 (1828), col. 258 (Hume); and Hansard, 3rd ser., 17 (1833), cols 199, 1031 (T. Attwood).
27. Hansard, 37 (1818), cols 1156, 1177 (General Thornton); col. 1157 (Mr Babington); col. 1178 (Chancellor of the Exchequer); David Ricardo, Works and Correspondence, ed. Piero Sraffa (Cambridge, 1951-55), V, pp. 128-9, and XI, p. xxi; Hansard, 2nd ser., 18 (1828), col. 258 (Hume); and Hansard, 3rd ser., 17 (1833), cols 199, 1031 (T. Attwood).
28. Hansard, 37 (1818), cols 1156, 1177 (General Thornton); col. 1157 (Mr Babington); col. 1178 (Chancellor of the Exchequer); David Ricardo, Works and Correspondence, ed. Piero Sraffa (Cambridge, 1951-55), V, pp. 128-9, and XI, p. xxi; Hansard, 2nd ser., 18 (1828), col. 258 (Hume); and Hansard, 3rd ser., 17 (1833), cols 199, 1031 (T. Attwood).
29. Hansard, 37 (1818), cols 1156, 1177 (General Thornton); col. 1157 (Mr Babington); col. 1178 (Chancellor of the Exchequer); David Ricardo, Works and Correspondence, ed. Piero Sraffa (Cambridge, 1951-55), V, pp. 128-9, and XI, p. xxi; Hansard, 2nd ser., 18 (1828), col. 258 (Hume); and Hansard, 3rd ser., 17 (1833), cols 199, 1031 (T. Attwood).
30. Hansard, 37 (1818), cols 1156, 1177 (General Thornton); col. 1157 (Mr Babington); col. 1178 (Chancellor of the Exchequer); David Ricardo, Works and Correspondence, ed. Piero Sraffa (Cambridge, 1951-55), V, pp. 128-9, and XI, p. xxi; Hansard, 2nd ser., 18 (1828), col. 258 (Hume); and Hansard, 3rd ser., 17 (1833), cols 199, 1031 (T. Attwood).
31. BPP, 1850 [649] XIX, Report from the [Second] Committee Appointed in the Following Session on the Same Subject [Savings Banks], qq. 81, 543-4.
32. BPP, 1850 [649] XIX, Report from the [Second] Committee Appointed in the Following Session on the Same Subject [Savings Banks], qq. 81, 543-4.
33. Horne, History, pp. 97-8; and Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'.
34. Horne, History, pp. 97-8; and Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'.
35. N. Smelser (in Social Change in the Industrial Revolution (London, 1959), p. 373) pointed out that 'the savings banks... have a paradoxical side ... [T]he founders thought they would relieve the poor ... [T]he primary participants were not those dependent on poor relief.' Clapham had made the same point in 1930 (in The Economic History of Modern Britain (Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1930), I, p. 592, as cited by Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks', p. 27).
36. N. Smelser (in Social Change in the Industrial Revolution (London, 1959), p. 373) pointed out that 'the savings banks... have a paradoxical side ... [T]he founders thought they would relieve the poor ... [T]he primary participants were not those dependent on poor relief.' Clapham had made the same point in 1930 (in The Economic History of Modern Britain (Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1930), I, p. 592, as cited by Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks', p. 27).
37. N. Smelser (in Social Change in the Industrial Revolution (London, 1959), p. 373) pointed out that 'the savings banks... have a paradoxical side ... [T]he founders thought they would relieve the poor ... [T]he primary participants were not those dependent on poor relief.' Clapham had made the same point in 1930 (in The Economic History of Modern Britain (Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1930), I, p. 592, as cited by Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks', p. 27).
38. i b i d.
39. G. L. Barrow, The Emergence of the Irish Banking System, 1820-1845 (Dublin, 1975), p. 220; S. G. Checkland, Scottish Banking: A History, 1695-1973 (Glasgow, 1975), p. 519; Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'; NAI, OP 1834/403, W. Traill to E. J. Littlejohn MP, 6 Mar. 1834; and Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914'. The special role of penny banks in Scotland was also important, see D. M. Ross, 'Penny banks in Glasgow, 1850-1914', paper presented to workshop of savings banks, University of Glasgow, Sep. 2001.
40. G. L. Barrow, The Emergence of the Irish Banking System, 1820-1845 (Dublin, 1975), p. 220; S. G. Checkland, Scottish Banking: A History, 1695-1973 (Glasgow, 1975), p. 519; Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'; NAI, OP 1834/403, W. Traill to E. J. Littlejohn MP, 6 Mar. 1834; and Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914'. The special role of penny banks in Scotland was also important, see D. M. Ross, 'Penny banks in Glasgow, 1850-1914', paper presented to workshop of savings banks, University of Glasgow, Sep. 2001.
41. G. L. Barrow, The Emergence of the Irish Banking System, 1820-1845 (Dublin, 1975), p. 220; S. G. Checkland, Scottish Banking: A History, 1695-1973 (Glasgow, 1975), p. 519; Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'; NAI, OP 1834/403, W. Traill to E. J. Littlejohn MP, 6 Mar. 1834; and Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914'. The special role of penny banks in Scotland was also important, see D. M. Ross, 'Penny banks in Glasgow, 1850-1914', paper presented to workshop of savings banks, University of Glasgow, Sep. 2001.
42. G. L. Barrow, The Emergence of the Irish Banking System, 1820-1845 (Dublin, 1975), p. 220; S. G. Checkland, Scottish Banking: A History, 1695-1973 (Glasgow, 1975), p. 519; Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'; NAI, OP 1834/403, W. Traill to E. J. Littlejohn MP, 6 Mar. 1834; and Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914'. The special role of penny banks in Scotland was also important, see D. M. Ross, 'Penny banks in Glasgow, 1850-1914', paper presented to workshop of savings banks, University of Glasgow, Sep. 2001.
43. G. L. Barrow, The Emergence of the Irish Banking System, 1820-1845 (Dublin, 1975), p. 220; S. G. Checkland, Scottish Banking: A History, 1695-1973 (Glasgow, 1975), p. 519; Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'; NAI, OP 1834/403, W. Traill to E. J. Littlejohn MP, 6 Mar. 1834; and Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914'. The special role of penny banks in Scotland was also important, see D. M. Ross, 'Penny banks in Glasgow, 1850-1914', paper presented to workshop of savings banks, University of Glasgow, Sep. 2001.
44. G. L. Barrow, The Emergence of the Irish Banking System, 1820-1845 (Dublin, 1975), p. 220; S. G. Checkland, Scottish Banking: A History, 1695-1973 (Glasgow, 1975), p. 519; Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'; NAI, OP 1834/403, W. Traill to E. J. Littlejohn MP, 6 Mar. 1834; and Payne, 'The savings bank of Glasgow, 1836-1914'. The special role of penny banks in Scotland was also important, see D. M. Ross, 'Penny banks in Glasgow, 1850-1914', paper presented to workshop of savings banks, University of Glasgow, Sep. 2001.
45. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank', p. 179; BPP, 1852 [471] XXVIII, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment, or been Discontinued, since the year 1844.
46. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank', p. 179; BPP, 1852 [471] XXVIII, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment, or been Discontinued, since the year 1844.
47. Anon., 'Cork Savings Bank', p. 179; BPP, 1852 [471] XXVIII, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment, or been Discontinued, since the year 1844.
48. BPP, 1837/8, Number of Savings Banks..., Table 14.
49. BPP, 1837/8, Number of Savings Banks..., Table 14.
50. BPP, 1850 [649], XIX, Report from the [Second] Select Committee on Savings Banks, p. v.
51. BPP, 1850 [649], XIX, Report from the [Second] Select Committee on Savings Banks, p. v.
52. BPP, 1852 [213], XXVIII, 597, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom Showing their Number of Officers, their Salaries and Allowances...
53. BPP, 1852 [213], XXVIII, 597, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom Showing their Number of Officers, their Salaries and Allowances...
54. Compare Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks'.
55. G. Campbell Foster, Letters on the Condition of the People of Ireland (London, 1846), p. 494. See also Freeman's Journal (15 Dec. 1845).
56. G. Campbell Foster, Letters on the Condition of the People of Ireland (London, 1846), p. 494. See also Freeman's Journal (15 Dec. 1845).
57. Smelser, Social Change, pp. 358-77; and Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks', p. 37, n. 14.
58. Smelser, Social Change, pp. 358-77; and Fishlow, 'Trustee savings banks', p. 37, n. 14.
59. S. Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (London, 1837), vol. II, p. 623; and J. Condon, 'Mid-nineteenth century Thurles: the visual dimension', in Corbett and Nolan, Thurles, pp. 81-91.
60. S. Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (London, 1837), vol. II, p. 623; and J. Condon, 'Mid-nineteenth century Thurles: the visual dimension', in Corbett and Nolan, Thurles, pp. 81-91.
61. BPP, 1847-48 [919], XV, Papers relating to the Relief of Distress and the State of the Unions and Workhouses, 5th ser., pp. 625-36. See too D. A. Kerr, A Nation of Beggars? Priests, People, and Politics in Famine Ireland 1846-1852 (Oxford, 1994), pp. 40, 169-70.
62. BPP, 1847-48 [919], XV, Papers relating to the Relief of Distress and the State of the Unions and Workhouses, 5th ser., pp. 625-36. See too D. A. Kerr, A Nation of Beggars? Priests, People, and Politics in Famine Ireland 1846-1852 (Oxford, 1994), pp. 40, 169-70.
63. BPP, 1847-48 [919], XV, Papers relating to the Relief of Distress and the State of the Unions and Workhouses, 5th ser., pp. 625-36. See too D. A. Kerr, A Nation of Beggars? Priests, People, and Politics in Famine Ireland 1846-1852 (Oxford, 1994), pp. 40, 169-70.
64. O'Shea, 'Thurles Savings Bank 1829-1871', pp. 96-7.
65. Derived from the returns as reported in Thom's Almanac.
66. O'Shea, 'Thurles Savings Bank, 1829-1871'.
67. On the Munster Bank see C. Ó Gráda, 'Moral hazard and quasi-central banking: should the Munster Bank have been allowed to fail?', in D. Dickson and C. Ó Gráda (eds), Refiguring Ireland (forthcoming).
68. They are now held in the public library in Thurles.
69. Poor Inquiry, supplement to Appendix E.
70. Compare G. Alter, C. Goldin and E. Rotella, 'The savings of ordinary Americans: the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society in the mid-nineteenth century', Journal of Economic History, 54 (1994).
71. Rev. J. O'Rourke, The History of the Great Irish Famine of 1847 (Dublin, 1902), pp. 214-15; G. L. Smyth, Ireland: Historical and Statistical (London, 1844-49), III, p. 29.
72. Rev. J. O'Rourke, The History of the Great Irish Famine of 1847 (Dublin, 1902), pp. 214-15; G. L. Smyth, Ireland: Historical and Statistical (London, 1844-49), III, p. 29.
73. O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank'; C. Ó Gráda, Black '47 and Beyond; The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory (Princeton, 1999), ch. 4; Thom's Irish Almanac 1850, p. 195; Thom's Irish Almanac 1851, p. 264; BPP, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment or been Discontinued.
74. O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank'; C. Ó Gráda, Black '47 and Beyond; The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory (Princeton, 1999), ch. 4; Thom's Irish Almanac 1850, p. 195; Thom's Irish Almanac 1851, p. 264; BPP, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment or been Discontinued.
75. O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank'; C. Ó Gráda, Black '47 and Beyond; The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory (Princeton, 1999), ch. 4; Thom's Irish Almanac 1850, p. 195; Thom's Irish Almanac 1851, p. 264; BPP, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment or been Discontinued.
76. O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank'; C. Ó Gráda, Black '47 and Beyond; The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory (Princeton, 1999), ch. 4; Thom's Irish Almanac 1850, p. 195; Thom's Irish Almanac 1851, p. 264; BPP, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment or been Discontinued.
77. O'Shea, "Thurles Savings Bank'; C. Ó Gráda, Black '47 and Beyond; The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory (Princeton, 1999), ch. 4; Thom's Irish Almanac 1850, p. 195; Thom's Irish Almanac 1851, p. 264; BPP, Return of Savings Banks in the United Kingdom that have Failed, Stopped Payment or been Discontinued.
78. Fear of contagion and consequent losses to the National Debt Office may have been factors in it being kept open. Cf. Report from the [Second] Select Committee on Savings Bank, Appendix, p. 110; and Anon. [W. H. Porter], 'Savings banks', p. 133.
79. Fear of contagion and consequent losses to the National Debt Office may have been factors in it being kept open. Cf. Report from the [Second] Select Committee on Savings Bank, Appendix, p. 110; and Anon. [W. H. Porter], 'Savings banks', p. 133.
80. Saunders Newsletter (11 May, 19 May 1848); and W. H. Porter, Savings Banks: Their Defects - The Remedy (Dublin, 1848), p. 17.
81. Saunders Newsletter (11 May, 19 May 1848); and W. H. Porter, Savings Banks: Their Defects - The Remedy (Dublin, 1848), p. 17.
82. Tralee Chronicle (8 Apr. 1848).
83. Anon. [W.H. Porter], 'Savings banks', p. 131.
84. ibid., p. 13.
85. Cited in Tralee Chronicle (13 Jun. 1848).
86. Kerry Examiner (11 Apr. 1848).
87. ibid. (28 Apr. 1848).
88. BPP, 1849 [437], XIV, First Report of the [First] Select Committee on Savings Banks, evidence of J. T. Pratt, qq. 3760, 3765, 3776.
89. Hansard, 3rd ser., 104 (1849), cols. 23-4.
90. E.g. Dillon, Banking in Ireland, pp. 104-5.
91. Report of [First] S.C. on Savings Banks, J. T. Pratt, q. 3776.
92. Hansard, 104 (1849), cols 23, 34-5; and Report of [First] S. C. on Savings Banks, H. A. Herbert, q. 3541.
93. Hansard, 104 (1849), cols 23, 34-5; and Report of [First] S. C. on Savings Banks, H. A. Herbert, q. 3541.
94. Tyrrell, History of Belfast Savings Bank, p. 45; and Freeman's Journal (15 Apr. 1848), citing The Southern Reporter.
95. Tyrrell, History of Belfast Savings Bank, p. 45; and Freeman's Journal (15 Apr. 1848), citing The Southern Reporter.
96. Dillon, Banking in Ireland, pp. 105, 107.
97. Compare C. Ó Gráda and E. N. White, 'Who panics during panics? Evidence from a nineteenth-century savings bank', paper presented to NBER summer institute, Jul. 1999; and M. Kelly and C. Ó Gráda, 'Market contagion: evidence from the panics of 1854 and 1857', American Economic Review, 90 (2000).
98. Compare C. Ó Gráda and E. N. White, 'Who panics during panics? Evidence from a nineteenth-century savings bank', paper presented to NBER summer institute, Jul. 1999; and M. Kelly and C. Ó Gráda, 'Market contagion: evidence from the panics of 1854 and 1857', American Economic Review, 90 (2000).
99. J. O'Shea, John. Sadleir, Prince of Swindlers (Dublin, 1999); J. O'Brien, 'Sadleir's Bank', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, 82 (1977); and Hall, Bank of Ireland, pp. 229-31, 246-9.
100. J. O'Shea, John. Sadleir, Prince of Swindlers (Dublin, 1999); J. O'Brien, 'Sadleir's Bank', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, 82 (1977); and Hall, Bank of Ireland, pp. 229-31, 246-9.
101. J. O'Shea, John. Sadleir, Prince of Swindlers (Dublin, 1999); J. O'Brien, 'Sadleir's Bank', Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, 82 (1977); and Hall, Bank of Ireland, pp. 229-31, 246-9.
102. ThSB, trustees' minutes, 4 Aug. 1855.
103. ThSB, minutes, 21 Nov. 1858 and 18 Jan. 1859.
104. W. N. Hancock, On the Present State of the Savings Question (Dublin, 1855); Home, History of Savings Banks, pp. 119-67; and Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question, pp. 152-3.
105. W. N. Hancock, On the Present State of the Savings Question (Dublin, 1855); Home, History of Savings Banks, pp. 119-67; and Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question, pp. 152-3.
106. W. N. Hancock, On the Present State of the Savings Question (Dublin, 1855); Home, History of Savings Banks, pp. 119-67; and Black, Economic Thought and the Irish Question, pp. 152-3.