Schedule flexibility in hourly jobs: Unanticipated consequences and promising directions

Community, Work and Family

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 293-315

  Lambert, Susan J ^a   Haley Lock, Anna ^b   Henly, Julia R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

hourly jobs; nonstandard employment; unpredictability; work and family; work schedules; workplace flexibility

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861970723     PISSN: 13668803     EISSN: 14693615     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2012.662803     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Appelbaum, E., & Schmitt, J. 2009. Low-wage work in high-income countries: Labor-market institutions and business strategy in the US and Europe. Human Relations, 62 12, 1907-1934. doi:10.1177/0018726709349200
2. Appelbaum, E., Bernhardt, A. and Murnane, R. 2003. "Low-wage America: An overview". In Low-wage America: How employers are reshaping opportunity in the workplace, Edited by: Appelbaum, E., Bernhardt, A. and Murnane, R. 1-32. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
3. Bernhardt, A., Boushey, H., Dresser, L. and Tilly, C. 2008. The gloves-off economy: Workplace standards at the bottom of America's labor market, Champaign, IL: Labor and Employment Labor Relations.
4. Bernhardt, A., Milkman, R., Theodore, N., Heckathorn, D., Auer, M., & DeFilippis, J. 2009. Broken Laws, unprotected workers: Violations of employment and labor laws in America's cities. Retrieved fromhttp://nelp.3cdn.net/1797b93dd1ccdf9e7d_sdm6bc50n.pdf
5. Bianchi, S., Casper, L. and King, L. 2005. Work, family, health, & well-being, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
6. st Century. Washington, DC: The Mobility Agenda. Retrieved fromhttp://www.mobilityagenda.org/home/file.axd?file=2008%2f9%2fWork-Life.pdf
7. Breitenbach, D., & Schneibel, G. 2011. Germany's part-time jobs system is thriving despite fierce criticism, DW-World.De Deutsche Welle. Retrieved fromhttp://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,15032531,00.html
8. British Columbia Ministry of Labour, Citizens' Services and Open Government. 2011. A guide to the Employment Standards Act. Employment Standards Branch. Retrieved fromhttp://www.labour.gov.bc.ca/esb/esaguide/#2
9. Burchell, B. 2002. "The prevalence and redistribution of job insecurity and work intensification". In Job Insecurity and Work Intensification, Edited by: Burchell, B., Ladipo, D. and Wilkinson, F. 61-76. London: Routledge.
10. Carey, N. 2007, June 4. US companies seen warming to idea of health reform. Reuters. Retrieved fromhttp://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N04461551.htm
11. Carré, F., Tilly, C., & Holgate, B. 2008. Continuity and change in low-wage work in US retail trade. Unpublished working paper, University of Massachusetts Lowell Center for Industrial Competitiveness and University of Massachusetts Boston Center for Social Policy. Retrieved fromhttp://129.63.176.200/centers/CIC/Research/Tilly_Research/Carre%20Tilly%20Holgate%20Release%20April%2008-05.01.08.pdf
12. Carré, F., Tilly, C., van Klaveren, M. and Voss-Dahm, D. 2009. "Retail jobs in comparative perspective". In Low wage work in the wealthy world, Edited by: Gautie, J. and Schmitt, J. 211-267. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
13. Cauthen, N. 2011. Scheduling hourly workers: How last minute, 'Just-in-Time' scheduling practices are bad for workers, families and business. Demos. Retrieved fromhttp://www.demos.org/pubs/Scheduling_Hourly_Workers.pdf
14. Corporate Voices for Working Families. 2009. Innovative flexibility options for hourly workers. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cvworkingfamilies.org/system/files/CVWF%20report-FINAL.pdf
15. Council of Economic Advisors. 2010. Work-life balance and the economics of flexibility. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President.
16. Families & Work Institute. 2010. When work works: Workplace flexibility toolkit. Retrieved fromhttp://familiesandwork.org/3w/toolkit/webpage-toolkit.html
17. Fenwick, R. and Tausig, M. 2005. "Work schedules and stress". In Fighting for time: Shifting boundaries of work and social life, Edited by: Epstein, C. and Kalleberg, A. 77-110. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
18. Filion, K. 2009. Minimum wage issue guide. Retrieved fromEconomic Policy Institute website:http://epi.3cdn.net/9f5a60cec02393cbe4_a4m6b5t1v.pdf
19. Galtier, B. 1999. Les temps partiels: entre emplois choisis et emplois "faute demieux". Économie et Statistique, 321-322. Retrieved in English from:http://www.insee.fr/en/ffc/docs_ffc/is44_321-322.pdf
20. Golden, L. 2005. "The flexibility gap: Employee access to flexibility in work schedules". In Flexibility in workplaces: Effects on workers, work environment and the unions, Edited by: Zeytinoglu, I.U. 38-56. Geneva: IIRA/ILO.
21. Golden, L., Wiens-Tuers, B., Lambert, S. and Henly, J.R. 2011. "Working time in the employment relationship: Working time, perceived control and work-life balance". In Research Handbook on the Future of Work and Employment Relations, Edited by: Townsend, K. and Wilkinson, A. 188-211. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
22. Gottschalk, P., & Moffitt, R. 2009. The rising instability of US earnings. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23 4, 3-24. doi:10.1257/jep.23.4.3
23. Hacker, J. 2006. The great risk shift: The assault on American jobs, families, health care, and retirement and how you can fight back, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
24. Haley-Lock, A. 2011. Place-bound jobs at the intersection of policy and management: Employer practices in Seattle, Chicago and Vancouver restaurant chains. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(7): 823-842.
25. Haley-Lock, A. in press The structural contexts of low-wage work: Restaurant employment practices across firm geography, size and ownership status. Journal of Poverty.
26. Haley-Lock, A. and Ewert, S. 2011. Waiting for the minimum: US state wage laws, firm strategy and chain restaurant job quality. Journal of Industrial Relations, 53(1): 31-48.
27. Henly, J.R. and Lambert, S.J. 2005. "Nonstandard work and child care needs of low-income parents". In Work, Family, Health, & Well-being, Edited by: Bianchi, S., Casper, L. and King, R. 472-491. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
28. Henly, J.R., & Lambert, S.J. 2010, March. Schedule unpredictability and flexibility in hourly retail jobs: Contributions to work-to-family conflict, work-life interference, and employee stress. Paper presented at International Labour Process Conference, Rutgers University.
29. Henly, J.R., Shaefer, H.L., & Waxman, R.E. 2006. Nonstandard work schedules: Employer-and employee-driven flexibility in retail jobs. Social Service Review, 80, 609-634. doi:10.1086/508478
30. Hill, E.J., Grzywacz, J., Allen, S., Blanchard, V., Matz-Costa, C., Shulkin, S., & Pitt-Catsouphes, M. 2008. Defining and conceptualizing workplace flexibility. Community, Work & Family, 11 2, 149-163. doi:10.1080/13668800802024678
31. Houseman, S. 2001. Why employers use flexible staffing arrangements: Evidence from an establishment survey. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 5, 149-170. doi:10.2307/2696191
32. Johnson T. Health care costs and US competitiveness. Backgrounder, Council on Foreign Relations 2010 Retrieved from:http://www.cfr.org/publication/13325/
33. Kalleberg, A.L. 2009. Precarious work, insecure workers: Employment relations in transition. American Sociological Review, 74, 1-22. doi:10.1177/000312240907400101
34. Kossek, E.E., Lautsch, B. and Eaton, S. 2005. "Flexibility enactment theory: Implications of flexibility type, control, and boundary management for work-family effectiveness". In Work and life integration: Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives, Edited by: Kossek, E. and Lambert, S. 243-261. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
35. Lambert, S.J. 2008. Passing the buck: Labor flexibility practices that transfer risk onto hourly workers. Human Relations, 61 9, 1203-1227. doi:10.1177/0018726708094910
36. Lambert, S.J. 2009. "Making a difference for hourly employees". In Work-life policies that make a real difference for individuals, families, and organizations, Edited by: Booth, A. and Crouter, A. 169-195. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
37. Lambert, S.J. 2012. "Opting in' to full labor force participation in hourly jobs". In Women who opt out: The debate over working mothers and work-family balance, Edited by: Jones, B.D. 87-102. New York, NY: New York University Press.
38. Lambert, S.J. and Henly, J.R. 2010. Retail managers' strategies for balancing business requirements with employee needs: Manager survey results, Working paper of The University of Chicago Work Scheduling Study.
39. Lambert, S.J. and Henly, J.R. 2012. "Frontline managers matter: Labor flexibility practices and sustained employment in hourly retail jobs in the U.S". In Are bad jobs inevitable? Trends, determinants and responses to job quality in the Twenty-First Century, Edited by: Warhurst, C., Carré, F., Findlay, P. and Tilly, C. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
40. Lambert, S.J., Henly, J.R., & Hedberg, E. 2011. Precarious work schedules in hourly jobs: Implications for employment stability and work-life interferences. Paper presented at Work, Stress & Health conference of the American Psychological Association. Orlando, FL.
41. Lambert, S.J. and Waxman, E. 2005. "Organizational stratification: Distributing opportunities for work-life balance". In Work and Life Integration: Organizational, Cultural, and Individual Perspectives, Edited by: Kossek, E. and Lambert, S.J. 103-126. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
42. Levin-Epstein, J. 2006. Getting punched: The job and family clock. Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy. Retrieved fromhttp://www.clasp.org/admin/site/publications/files/0303.pdf
43. Mason, G. and Salverda, W. 2009. "Low pay, working conditions, and living standards". In Low wage work in the wealthy world, Edited by: Gautie, J. and Schmitt, J. 35-90. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
44. McClanahan, S. 2004. Diverging destinies: How children are faring under the second demographic transition. Demography, 41(4): 607-627.
45. McCrate, E. 2002. Working mothers in a double bind: Working moms, minorities have the most rigid schedules and are paid less for the sacrifice. Briefing paper Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved fromhttp://www.epi.org/publications/entry/briefingpapers_124
46. McCrate, E. 2005. Flexible hours, workplace authority, and compensating wage differentials in the US. Feminist Economics, 11(1): 11-39.
47. Meyers, M. and Gornick, J. 2009. "Beyond the safety net: Supporting the economic security of working-poor families". In Low wage work in the wealthy world, Edited by: Gautie, J. and Schmitt, J. 261-290. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
48. Pabayo, J. Critchley, R., & Bambra, C. 2010. Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2 (CD008009). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008009.pub2
49. Ryan, A., & Kossek, E.E. 2008. Work-life policy implementation: Breaking down or creating barriers to inclusiveness. Human Resource Management, 47 2, 295-310. doi:10.1002/hrm.20213
50. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). 2008. Workplace flexibility in the 21st century: Meeting the needs of the changing workforce (SHRM Workplace Flexibility Survey). Alexandria, VA: SHRM.
51. Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. 2010. Some nine million people wishing to work (more). Retrieved fromhttp://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/EN/Content/Publikationen/STATmagazin/LabourMarket/2010__06/2010__06WishingWork,templateId=renderPrint.psml#Link2
52. Swanberg, J., Catsouphes, M., & Drescher-Burke, K. 2005. A question of justice: Disparities in employees' access to flexible schedule arrangements. Journal of Family Issues, 26, doi:10.1177/0192513X05277554 866-895
53. Swanberg, J.E., James, J.B., Mamta, U.O., Werner, M., & McKechnie, S.P. 2008. CitiSales Study: Jobs that work. Retrieved fromhttp://www.citysalesstudy.com
54. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2010. Heath care benefits: Access, participation and take-up rates. National Compensation Survey, March 2010; Retrieved fromhttp://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2010/ownership/private/table05a.htm
55. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2011a. Characteristics of minimum wage workers: 2010. Retrieved fromhttp://www.bls.gov/cps/minwage2010.pdf
56. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2011b, January 21. Union members summary. Economic News Release. Retrieved fromhttp://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm
57. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2011c. Labor force statistics from the Current Population Survey: Involuntary part-time employment. Retrieved fromhttp://data.bls.gov
58. United States White House. 2010. The Affordable Care Act: Increasing choice and saving money for small businesses, health reform and your community. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/files/documents/health_reform_for_small_businesses.pdf
59. US Department of Labor. 2011a. Minimum wage laws in the states. Wage and Hour Division. Retrieved fromhttp://www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/america.htm#Consolidated
60. US Department of Labor. 2011b. Minimum wages for tipped employees. Wage and Hour Division. Retrieved fromhttp://www.dol.gov/whd/state/tipped.htm
61. US Department of Labor. 2011c. Occupational outlook handbook. 2010-2011 Edition. Retrieved fromhttp://www.bls.gov/oco/oco2003.htm
62. US Internal Revenue Service. 2011. IRS Request for Comments on Shared Responsibility for Employers Regarding Health Coverage. Retrieved fromhttp://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-11-36.pdf
63. Williams, J. 2006. One sick child away from being fired: When "opting out" is not an option. UC Hastings College of Law: Work Life Law. Retrieved fromhttp://www.uchastings.edu/site_files/WLL/onesickchild.pdf
64. Williams, J. 2011. Improving work-life fit in hourly jobs. Hastings, UC: Hastings College of Law. The Center for Work Life Law. Retrieved fromhttp://www.worklifelaw.org/pubs/ImprovingWork-LifeFit.pdf
65. Workplace Flexibility 2010. 2009. Public policy platform on flexible work arrangements. Retrieved fromhttp://workplaceflexibility2010.org/images/uploads/reports/report_1.pdf