Carcinoma of unknown primary: Key radiological issues from the recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines

British Journal of Radiology

Volumn 85, Issue 1014, 2012, Pages 661-671

  Taylor, M Ben ^a   Bromham, N R ^b   Arnold, S E ^b  

^a CHRISTIE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b National Collaborating Centre for Cancer   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN METASTASIS; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER OF UNKNOWN PRIMARY SITE; CANCER PATIENT; CARCINOMATOUS PERITONITIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; NATIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; RADIOLOGIST; RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT; REVIEW; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TUMOR BIOPSY; UNITED KINGDOM;

BIOPSY; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEOPLASMS, UNKNOWN PRIMARY; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84861886004     PISSN: 00071285     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1259/bjr/75018360     Document Type: Review

References (29)

1. Greco FA, Hainsworth JD. Cancer of unknown primary site. In: DeVita TV, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. 8th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2008. pp. 2363-88.
2. Pavlidis N, Briasoulis E, Hainsworth J, Greco FA. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer of an unknown primary. Eur J Cancer 2003;39:1990-2005. (Pubitemid 37297755)
3. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Diagnosis and management of metastatic malignant disease of unknown primary origin (clinical guideline 104). London, UK: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2010. Available from: www.nice.org.uk/CG104
4. Oien KA. Pathologic evaluation of unknown primary cancer. Semin Oncol 2009;36:8-37.
5. Office for National Statistics. Cancer statistics registrations: registrations of cancer diagnosed in 2006, England. Series MB1, no. 37. London, UK: HMSO; 2008.
6. Office for National Statistics. Mortality statistics: deaths registered in 2006. Series DR. London, UK: HMSO; 2008.
7. Office for National Statistics. Health Statistics Quarterly 38 (Summer). London, UK: HMSO; 2008.
8. Royal College of Radiologists. Making the best use of clinical radiology services. 6th edn. London, UK: The Royal College of Radiologists; 2007.
9. McMillan J, Levine E, Stephens R. Computed tomography in the evaluation of metastatic adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary site. A retrospective study. Radiology 1982;143:143-6. (Pubitemid 12142191)
10. Losa Gaspa F, Germa JR, Albareda JM, Fernandez-Ortega A, Sanjose S, Fernandez TV. Metastatic cancer presentation. Validation of a diagnostic algorithm with 221 consecutive patients. [In Spanish.] Rev Clin Esp 2002;202:313-19. (Pubitemid 34846082)
11. Latief KH, White CS, Protopapas Z, Attar S, Krasna MJ. Search for a primary lung neoplasm in patients with brain metastasis: is the chest radiograph sufficient? AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;168:1339-44.
12. MacMahon H, Austin JHM, Gamsu G, Herold CJ, Jett JR, Naidich DP, et al. Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology 2005;237:395-400. (Pubitemid 41507873)
13. Fowler LJ, Lachar WA. Application of immunohistochemistry to cytology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008;132:373-83. (Pubitemid 351328812)
14. Kirsten F, Chi CH, Leary JA, Ng AB, Hedley DW, Tattersall MH. Metastatic adeno or undifferentiated carcinoma from an unknown primary site-natural history and guidelines for identification of treatable subsets. Q J Med 1987;62:143-61. (Pubitemid 17042879)
15. Stevens KJ, Smith SL, Denley H, Pinder SE, Evans AJ, Chan SY. Is mammography of value in women with disseminated cancer of unknown origin? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1999;11:90-2. (Pubitemid 29259570)
16. Kemeny MM, Rivera DE, Terz JJ, Benfield JR. Occult primary adenocarcinoma with axillary metastases. Am J Surg 1986;152:43-7. (Pubitemid 16069553)
17. Merson M, Andreola S, Galimberti V, Bufalino R, Marchini S, Veronesi U. Breast carcinoma presenting as axillary metastases without evidence of a primary tumor. Cancer 1992;70:504-8.
18. Rosen PP, Kimmel M. Occult breast carcinoma presenting with axillary lymph node metastases: a follow-up study of 48 patients. Hum Pathol 1990;21:518-23. (Pubitemid 20165145)
19. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Early and locally advanced breast cancer: diagnosis and treatment (clinical guideline 80). London, UK: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2009. Available from: www.nice.org.uk/CG80.
20. Galimberti V, Bassani G, Monti S, Simsek S, Villa G, Renne G, et al. Clinical experience with axillary presentation breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004;88:43-7. (Pubitemid 39524443)
21. Buchanan CL, Morris EA, Dorn PL, Borgen PI, Van Zee KJ. Utility of breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with occult primary breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:1045-53. (Pubitemid 41660680)
22. Orel SG, Weinstein SP, Schnall MD, Reynolds CA, Schuchter LM, Fraker DL, et al. Breast MR imaging in patients with axillary node metastases and unknown primary malignancy. Radiology 1999;212:543-9. (Pubitemid 29356579)
23. Henry-Tillman RS, Harms SE, Westbrook KC, Korourian S, Klimberg VS. Role of breast magnetic resonance imaging in determining breast as a source of unknown metastatic lymphadenopathy. Am J Surg 1999;178:496-500. (Pubitemid 30058299)
24. Kwee TC, Kwee RM. Combined FDG-PET/CT for the detection of unknown primary tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2009;19:731-44.
25. Dong MJ, Zhao K, Lin XT, Zhao J, Ruan LX, Liu ZF. Role of fluorodeoxyglucose-PET versus fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/computed tomography in detection of unknown primary tumor: a meta-analysis of the literature. Nucl Med Commun 2008;29:791-802.
26. Rusthoven KE, Koshy M, Paulino AC. The role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary tumor. Cancer 2004;101:2641-9. (Pubitemid 39532297)
27. Pomjanski N, Grote HJ, Doganay P, Schmiemann V, Buckstegge B, Bocking A. Immunocytochemical identification of carcinomas of unknown primary in serous effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 2005;33:309-15. (Pubitemid 41598050)
28. Hewitt MJ, Hall GD, Wilkinson N, Perren TJ, Lane G, Spencer JA. Image-guided biopsy in women with breast cancer presenting with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006;16:108-10.
29. Hainsworth JD, Fizazi K. Treatment for patients with unknown primary cancer and favorable prognostic factors. Semin Oncol 2009;36:44-51.