메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 518-532

Coping with Islamophobia: The effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities' identity formation

Author keywords

Anti Muslim; Islamophobia; Muslim; National identity; Religious discrimination

Indexed keywords


EID: 84861773733     PISSN: 01471767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (123)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 84861769611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (March). Anti-immigration parties in Denmark and Norway: The progress parties and the Danish People's Party (Working Paper No. 4). Retrieved from University of Aalborg, Department of Economics, Politics and Public Administration website:
    • Andersen, J. G., & Bjørklund, T. (1999, March). Anti-immigration parties in Denmark and Norway: The progress parties and the Danish People's Party (Working Paper No. 4). Retrieved from University of Aalborg, Department of Economics, Politics and Public Administration website: http://vbn.aau.dk/files/93212/35031999_4.pdf.
    • (1999)
    • Andersen, J.G.1    Bjørklund, T.2
  • 3
    • 34250833799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acculturation attitudes: A comparison of measurement methods
    • Arends-Tóth J., van de Vijver F.J.R. Acculturation attitudes: A comparison of measurement methods. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2007, 37(7):1462-1488. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00222.x.
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 1462-1488
    • Arends-Tóth, J.1    van de Vijver, F.J.R.2
  • 4
    • 61849134324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immigration and imagination of nationhood in the German parliament
    • Bauder H., Semmelroggen J. Immigration and imagination of nationhood in the German parliament. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2009, 15(1):1-26. 10.1080/13537110802672321.
    • (2009) Nationalism and Ethnic Politics , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-26
    • Bauder, H.1    Semmelroggen, J.2
  • 6
    • 77951297646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acculturation, discrimination, and adaptation among second generation immigrant youth in Montreal and Paris
    • Berry J.W., Sabatier C. Acculturation, discrimination, and adaptation among second generation immigrant youth in Montreal and Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2010, 34(3):191-207. 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.11.007.
    • (2010) International Journal of Intercultural Relations , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-207
    • Berry, J.W.1    Sabatier, C.2
  • 7
    • 70350542767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting Lepanto: The political mobilization against Islam in contemporary Western Europe
    • Betz H.G., Meret S. Revisiting Lepanto: The political mobilization against Islam in contemporary Western Europe. Patterns of Prejudice 2009, 43(3):313-334. 10.1080/00313220903109235.
    • (2009) Patterns of Prejudice , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-334
    • Betz, H.G.1    Meret, S.2
  • 8
    • 84861765712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holdninger til innvandrere og innvandring 2009 (Rapport Nr. 44)
    • Retrieved from Statistics Norway website:
    • Blom, S. (2009). Holdninger til innvandrere og innvandring 2009 (Rapport Nr. 44). Retrieved from Statistics Norway website: http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/01/30/rapp_hold_innv/rapp_200944/rapp_200944.pdf.
    • (2009)
    • Blom, S.1
  • 9
    • 0033454289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being
    • Branscombe N.R., Schmitt M.T., Harvey R.D. Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999, 77(1):135-149. 10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.135.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-149
    • Branscombe, N.R.1    Schmitt, M.T.2    Harvey, R.D.3
  • 10
    • 14844311331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation of a community version
    • Brondolo E., Kelly K.P., Coakley V., Gordon T., Thompson S., Levy E., et al. The perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation of a community version. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2005, 35(2):335-365. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02124. x.
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-365
    • Brondolo, E.1    Kelly, K.P.2    Coakley, V.3    Gordon, T.4    Thompson, S.5    Levy, E.6
  • 11
    • 0034311692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges
    • Brown R. Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology 2000, 30(6):745-778. 10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6<745::AID-EJSP24>3.0.CO;2-O.
    • (2000) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 745-778
    • Brown, R.1
  • 13
    • 0010283050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizenship, national identity and the accommodation of difference: Reflections on the German, French, Dutch and British cases
    • Bryant C.G.A. Citizenship, national identity and the accommodation of difference: Reflections on the German, French, Dutch and British cases. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 1997, 23(2):157-172. 10.1080/1369183X.1997.9976584.
    • (1997) Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-172
    • Bryant, C.G.A.1
  • 14
    • 78650109204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for measurement and structural equivalence in large-scale cross-cultural studies: Addressing the issue of nonequivalence
    • Byrne B.M., van de Vijver F.J.R. Testing for measurement and structural equivalence in large-scale cross-cultural studies: Addressing the issue of nonequivalence. International Journal of Testing 2010, 10(2):107-132. 10.1080/15305051003637306.
    • (2010) International Journal of Testing , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-132
    • Byrne, B.M.1    van de Vijver, F.J.R.2
  • 15
    • 84861784147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumerfieldwork. Meinungsumfrage zur Buchveröffentlichung von Thilo Sarrazin: Hat Sarrazin recht, oder hat Sarrazin nicht recht? Retrieved from
    • Consumerfieldwork. (2010). Meinungsumfrage zur Buchveröffentlichung von Thilo Sarrazin: Hat Sarrazin recht, oder hat Sarrazin nicht recht? Retrieved from http://www.openpr.de/news/463082/Meinungsumfrage-zur-Buchveroeffentlichung-von-Thilo-Sarrazin-Hohe-Zustimmung-fuer-Sarrazin-in-der-Bevoelkerung.html.
    • (2010)
  • 16
    • 84885536600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of (in)compatibility between identities and participation in the national polity of people belonging to ethnic minorities
    • Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, United Kingdom, A. Azzi, X. Chryssochoou, B. Klandermans, B. Simon (Eds.)
    • Chryssochoou X., Lyons E. Perceptions of (in)compatibility between identities and participation in the national polity of people belonging to ethnic minorities. Identity and participation in culturally diverse societies 2011, 69-88. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, United Kingdom. A. Azzi, X. Chryssochoou, B. Klandermans, B. Simon (Eds.).
    • (2011) Identity and participation in culturally diverse societies , pp. 69-88
    • Chryssochoou, X.1    Lyons, E.2
  • 17
    • 84861769616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facts on immigrants and their decendants 2007 (Report No. 1)
    • Retrieved from Statistics Norway website:
    • Daugstad, G. (2008). Facts on immigrants and their decendants 2007 (Report No. 1). Retrieved from Statistics Norway website: http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/doc_200801/doc_200801.pdf.
    • (2008)
    • Daugstad, G.1
  • 18
    • 84856464148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Mitte in der Krise: Rechtsextreme Einstellungen in Deutschland 2010
    • Retrieved from Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung website:
    • Decker, O., Weißmann, M., Kiess, J., & Brähler, E. (2010). Die Mitte in der Krise: Rechtsextreme Einstellungen in Deutschland 2010. Retrieved from Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung website: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/do/07504.pdf.
    • (2010)
    • Decker, O.1    Weißmann, M.2    Kiess, J.3    Brähler, E.4
  • 19
    • 84861775172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECRI. ECRI Report on Norway (Report No. 4). Retrieved from Council of Europe website:
    • ECRI. (2009). ECRI Report on Norway (Report No. 4). Retrieved from Council of Europe website: http://hudoc.ecri.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_04/04_CbC_eng/NOR-CbC-IV-2009-004-ENG.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 20
    • 33845698646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We Turks are no Germans: assimilation discourses and the dialectical construction of identities in Germany
    • Ehrkamp P. We Turks are no Germans: assimilation discourses and the dialectical construction of identities in Germany. Environment and Planning A 2006, 38(9):1673-1692. 10.1068/a38148.
    • (2006) Environment and Planning A , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 1673-1692
    • Ehrkamp, P.1
  • 21
    • 84861765810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic retention and host culture adoption among turkish immigrants in Germany, France and the Netherlands: A controlled comparison
    • Ersanilli, E., & Koopmans, R. (2009). Ethnic retention and host culture adoption among turkish immigrants in Germany, France and the Netherlands: A controlled comparison. Retrieved from Social Science Research Center Berlin website: http://skylla.wz-berlin.de/pdf/2009/iv09-701.pdf.
    • (2009) Retrieved from Social Science Research Center Berlin website
    • Ersanilli, E.1    Koopmans, R.2
  • 22
    • 21844497679 scopus 로고
    • Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat
    • Ethier K.A., Deaux K. Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67(2):243-251. 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.243.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-251
    • Ethier, K.A.1    Deaux, K.2
  • 23
    • 84861765808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EUMC. Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia. Retrieved from European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights:
    • EUMC. (2006). Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia. Retrieved from European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights: http://www.fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/Manifestations_EN.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 24
    • 84861784152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission. Social values, Science and TechnologySpecial Eurobarometer (No. 225/Wave 63.1). Retrieved from European Commision website:
    • European Commission. (2005). Social values, Science and TechnologySpecial Eurobarometer (No. 225/Wave 63.1). Retrieved from European Commision website: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 25
    • 3142653752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-Muslim racism and the European security state
    • Fekete L. Anti-Muslim racism and the European security state. Race & Class 2004, 46(1):3-29. 10.1177/0306396804045512.
    • (2004) Race & Class , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-29
    • Fekete, L.1
  • 27
    • 35448975175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islamophobia in contemporary Britain: The evidence of the opinion polls, 1988-2006
    • Field C.D. Islamophobia in contemporary Britain: The evidence of the opinion polls, 1988-2006. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 2007, 18(4):447-477. 10.1080/09596410701577282.
    • (2007) Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 447-477
    • Field, C.D.1
  • 28
    • 44349117377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immigrant religion in the US and Western Europe: Bridge or barrier to inclusion?
    • Foner N., Alba R. Immigrant religion in the US and Western Europe: Bridge or barrier to inclusion?. International Migration Review 2008, 42(2):360-392. 10.1111/j. 1747-7379.2008.00128.x.
    • (2008) International Migration Review , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 360-392
    • Foner, N.1    Alba, R.2
  • 29
    • 84861784150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gallup International. Religiousity around the world (Voice of the People 2005). Retrieved from Gallup International Association website:
    • Gallup International. (2005). Religiousity around the world (Voice of the People 2005). Retrieved from Gallup International Association website: http://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportDownload.asp?seqNo=96.
    • (2005)
  • 30
    • 84861765802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German Federal Foreign Office. (November). Türkei - Beziehungen zu Deutschland. Retrieved from
    • German Federal Foreign Office. (2010, November). Türkei - Beziehungen zu Deutschland. Retrieved from http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/Tuerkei/Bilateral_node.html.
    • (2010)
  • 31
    • 84861765803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German Federal Statistical Office. Mikrozensus 2007. Retrieved from
    • German Federal Statistical Office. (2007). Mikrozensus 2007. Retrieved from http://www.gesis.org/dienstleistungen/daten/amtliche-mikrodaten/mikrozensus/grundfile/mz2007/.
    • (2010)
  • 32
    • 84861765804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMDi. Integreringsbarometeret 2006 (Rapport Nr. 7). Retrieved from the Norwegian Directorate of Integration and Diversity website:
    • IMDi. (2007). Integreringsbarometeret 2006 (Rapport Nr. 7). Retrieved from the Norwegian Directorate of Integration and Diversity website: http://www.imdi.no/Documents/Rapporter/IMDI20Integrereingsbarometer20internett.pdf.
    • (2010)
  • 33
    • 58149157592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To identify or not to identify? National disidentification as an alternative reaction to perceived ethnic discrimination
    • Jasinskaja-Lahti I., Liebkind K., Solheim E. To identify or not to identify? National disidentification as an alternative reaction to perceived ethnic discrimination. Applied Psychology 2009, 58(1):105-128. 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00384.x.
    • (2009) Applied Psychology , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-128
    • Jasinskaja-Lahti, I.1    Liebkind, K.2    Solheim, E.3
  • 35
    • 14544297890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social psychology of stigma
    • Major B., O'Brien L.T. The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology 2005, 56(1):393-421. 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137.
    • (2005) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 393-421
    • Major, B.1    O'Brien, L.T.2
  • 36
    • 0037997995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances
    • Major B., Quinton W.J., McCoy S.K. Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 2002, 34(7):251-330. 10.1016/S0065-2601(02)80007-7.
    • (2002) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 251-330
    • Major, B.1    Quinton, W.J.2    McCoy, S.K.3
  • 38
    • 33749621380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of psychological acculturation: A review
    • Matsudaira T. Measures of psychological acculturation: A review. Transcultural Psychiatry 2006, 43(3):462-487. 10.1177/1363461506066989.
    • (2006) Transcultural Psychiatry , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 462-487
    • Matsudaira, T.1
  • 39
    • 0001316462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with stigma and prejudice
    • The Guilford Press, New York, NY, F.T. Heatherton, E.R. Kleck, R.M. Hebl, G.J. Hull (Eds.)
    • Miller C.T., Major B. Coping with stigma and prejudice. The social psychology of stigma 2003, 243-272. The Guilford Press, New York, NY. F.T. Heatherton, E.R. Kleck, R.M. Hebl, G.J. Hull (Eds.).
    • (2003) The social psychology of stigma , pp. 243-272
    • Miller, C.T.1    Major, B.2
  • 42
    • 84861784151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (September 15). Der Kampf der Kulturen. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
    • Noelle, E. (2004, September 15). Der Kampf der Kulturen. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, p. 5.
    • (2004) , pp. 5
    • Noelle, E.1
  • 43
    • 33646497945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Becoming Muslim: The development of a religious identity
    • Peek L. Becoming Muslim: The development of a religious identity. Sociology of Religion 2005, 66(3):215-242. 10.2307/4153097.
    • (2005) Sociology of Religion , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-242
    • Peek, L.1
  • 44
    • 84861769607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEW Research Center. Muslimsin Europe: Economic worries top concerns about religious and cultural identity. Retrieved from
    • PEW Research Center. (2006). Muslimsin Europe: Economic worries top concerns about religious and cultural identity. Retrieved from http://pewglobal.org/files/pdf/7-6-06.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 45
    • 33750974756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance, freedom, justice and peace?: Britain, Australia and anti-Muslim racism since 11 September 2001
    • Poynting S., Mason V. Tolerance, freedom, justice and peace?: Britain, Australia and anti-Muslim racism since 11 September 2001. Journal of Intercultural Studies 2006, 27(4):365-391. 10.1080/07256860600934973.
    • (2006) Journal of Intercultural Studies , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 365-391
    • Poynting, S.1    Mason, V.2
  • 46
    • 33846977766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The resistible rise of Islamophobia: Anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001
    • Poynting S., Mason V. The resistible rise of Islamophobia: Anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001. Journal of Sociology 2007, 43(1):61-86. 10.1177/1440783307073935.
    • (2007) Journal of Sociology , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-86
    • Poynting, S.1    Mason, V.2
  • 47
    • 85047685648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric critique of acculturation psychology: The case of Iranian migrants in Norway
    • Rudmin F.W., Ahmadzadeh V. Psychometric critique of acculturation psychology: The case of Iranian migrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2001, 42(1):41-56. 10.1111/1467-9450.00213.
    • (2001) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-56
    • Rudmin, F.W.1    Ahmadzadeh, V.2
  • 48
    • 0003484143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Runnymede Trust Commission, The Runnymede Trust, London, England
    • Runnymede Trust Commission Islamophobia: A challenge for us all 1997, The Runnymede Trust, London, England.
    • (1997) Islamophobia: A challenge for us all
  • 49
    • 85055362274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media, racism and Islamophobia: The representation of Islam and Muslims in the media
    • Saeed A. Media, racism and Islamophobia: The representation of Islam and Muslims in the media. Sociology Compass 2007, 1(2):443-462. 10.1111/j. 1751-9020.2007.00039.x.
    • (2007) Sociology Compass , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 443-462
    • Saeed, A.1
  • 50
    • 79951588198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet
    • Sam D.L., Berry J.W. Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2010, 5:472-481. 10.1177/1745691610373075.
    • (2010) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.5 , pp. 472-481
    • Sam, D.L.1    Berry, J.W.2
  • 51
    • 84861765797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wie groß wäre eine Partei der Unzufriedenen?
    • (September 5), Retrieved from
    • Silalahi, P. (2010, September 5). Wie groß wäre eine Partei der Unzufriedenen? Bild am Sonntag. Retrieved from http://www.bild.de/BILD/politik/2010/09/05/sarrazin-partei/achtzehn-prozent-wuerden-sarrazin-partei-waehlen.html.
    • Bild am Sonntag
    • Silalahi, P.1
  • 53
    • 42049116979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editors' introduction. Pathways to identity and postive youth development among Muslim youth in the west
    • Sirin S.R., Balsano A.B. Editors' introduction. Pathways to identity and postive youth development among Muslim youth in the west. Applied Developmental Science 2007, 7(3):109-111.
    • (2007) Applied Developmental Science , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 109-111
    • Sirin, S.R.1    Balsano, A.B.2
  • 54
    • 42049117136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring dual identification among Muslim-American emerging adults: A mixed methods study
    • Sirin S.R., Bikmen N., Mir M., Fine M., Zaal M., Katsiaficas D. Exploring dual identification among Muslim-American emerging adults: A mixed methods study. Journal of Adolescence 2008, 31(2):259-279. 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.10.009.
    • (2008) Journal of Adolescence , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-279
    • Sirin, S.R.1    Bikmen, N.2    Mir, M.3    Fine, M.4    Zaal, M.5    Katsiaficas, D.6
  • 55
    • 84861784148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Norway. Registerbasert sysselsettingsstatistikk for innvandrere. Retrieved from
    • Statistics Norway. (2009). Registerbasert sysselsettingsstatistikk for innvandrere. Retrieved from http://www.ssb.no/innvregsys/.
    • (2009)
  • 56
    • 84861775169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Norway. Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, utenlandsfødte og utenlandske statsborgere, etter landbakgrunn, fødeland og statsborgerskap. 1. januar. Retrieved from
    • Statistics Norway. (2010). Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, utenlandsfødte og utenlandske statsborgere, etter landbakgrunn, fødeland og statsborgerskap. 1. januar. Retrieved from http://www.ssb.no/aarbok/tab/tab-092.html.
    • (2009)
  • 57
    • 35448985860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat
    • Academic Press, New York, US-NY, P.Z. Mark (Ed.)
    • Steele C.M., Spencer S.J., Aronson J. Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. Advances in experimental social psychology 2002, 379-440. Academic Press, New York, US-NY. P.Z. Mark (Ed.).
    • (2002) Advances in experimental social psychology , pp. 379-440
    • Steele, C.M.1    Spencer, S.J.2    Aronson, J.3
  • 58
    • 85055409331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Almost at war" The Mohammed cartoon crisis in Norwegian media
    • Retrieved from
    • Steien S. "Almost at war" The Mohammed cartoon crisis in Norwegian media. Conflict and Communication Online 2008, 7(1):1-14. Retrieved from http://www.cco.regener-online.de/2008_1/pdf/steien.pdf.
    • (2008) Conflict and Communication Online , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Steien, S.1
  • 59
    • 3142663600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Becoming American, constructing ethnicity: Immigrant youth and civic engagement
    • Stepick A., Stepick C.D. Becoming American, constructing ethnicity: Immigrant youth and civic engagement. Applied Developmental Science 2002, 6(4):246-257. 10.1207/S1532480XADS0604_12.
    • (2002) Applied Developmental Science , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 246-257
    • Stepick, A.1    Stepick, C.D.2
  • 60
    • 84965451330 scopus 로고
    • The political uses of xenophobia in England, France and Germany
    • Thränhardt D. The political uses of xenophobia in England, France and Germany. Party Politics 1995, 1(3):323-345. 10.1177/1354068895001003002.
    • (1995) Party Politics , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-345
    • Thränhardt, D.1
  • 61
    • 34548257196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National (dis)identification and ethnic and religious identity: A study among Turkish-Dutch Muslims
    • Verkuyten M., Yildiz A.A. National (dis)identification and ethnic and religious identity: A study among Turkish-Dutch Muslims. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2007, 33(10):1448-1462. 10.1177/0146167207304276.
    • (2007) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1448-1462
    • Verkuyten, M.1    Yildiz, A.A.2
  • 62
    • 84861775170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (March 3). Innenminister - "Islam gehört nicht zu Deutschland", Welt Online. Retrieved from
    • Vitzthum, T. (2011, March 3). Innenminister - "Islam gehört nicht zu Deutschland", Welt Online. Retrieved from http://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article12691814/Innenminister-Islam-gehoert-nicht-zu-Deutschland.html.
    • (2011)
    • Vitzthum, T.1
  • 63
    • 75849119586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religiosity as identity: Toward an understanding of religion from a social identity perspective
    • Ysseldyk R., Matheson K., Anisman H. Religiosity as identity: Toward an understanding of religion from a social identity perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2010, 14(1):60-71. 10.1177/1088868309349693.
    • (2010) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-71
    • Ysseldyk, R.1    Matheson, K.2    Anisman, H.3
  • 64
    • 85050832807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religion and spirituality in social work practice and education in a cross-cultural context: Findings from a Norwegian and UK study
    • Zahl M.-A., Furman L.D., Benson P.W., Canda E.R. Religion and spirituality in social work practice and education in a cross-cultural context: Findings from a Norwegian and UK study. European Journal of Social Work 2007, 10(3):295-317. 10.1080/13691450701357059.
    • (2007) European Journal of Social Work , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-317
    • Zahl, M.-A.1    Furman, L.D.2    Benson, P.W.3    Canda, E.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.