From atmospheric winds to fracture ventilation: Cause and effect

Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences

Volumn 117, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

  Nachshon, Uri ^a   Dragila, Maria ^b   Weisbrod, Noam ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR-SOIL INTERACTION; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE CHANGE; FRACTURE; GAS EXCHANGE; GREENHOUSE GAS; NUMERICAL MODEL; SOIL CRACKING; SOIL TEMPERATURE; TRACER; VADOSE ZONE; VENTILATION; WATER VAPOR; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 84861715112     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011JG001898     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Amali, S., and D. E. Rolston (1993), Theoretical investigation of multicomponent volatile organic vapor diffusion: Steady-state fluxes, J. Environ. Qual., 22, 825-831, doi:10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040027x. (Pubitemid 23335669)
2. Amit, R., and R. Gerson (1986), The evolution of Holocene Reg (gravelly) soils in deserts: An example from the Dead Sea region, Catena, 13, 1-2, 59-79.
3. Bahat, D. (1999), Single-layer burial joints vs single layer uplift joints in Eocene chalk from the Beer Sheva Syncline in Israel, J. Struct. Geol., 21, 293-303, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00118-7. (Pubitemid 29231505)
4. Betyaev, S. (2008), Flow around transverse slots, J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys., 81(3), 504-512, doi:10.1007/s10891-008-0061-0.
5. Bowling, D. R., and W. J. Massman (2011), Persistent wind-induced enhancement of diffusive CO2 transport in a mountain forest snowpack, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G04006, doi:10.1029/2011JG001722.
6. Brady, C. N. (1990), The Nature and Properties of Soils, 10th ed., 621 pp., Macmillan, New York.
7. Chertkov, V. Y., and I. Ravina (2000), Shrinking-swelling phenomenon of clay soils attributed to capillary-crack network, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 34(1), 61-71, doi:10.1016/S0167-8442(00)00024-0.
8. Choi, J. W., F. D. Tillman, and J. A. Smith (2002), Relative importance of gas phase diffusive and advective trichloroethene (TCE) fluxes in the unsaturated zone under natural conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3157-3164, doi:10.1021/es011348c. (Pubitemid 34774337)
9. Colbeck, S. C. (1989), Air movement in snow due to wind pumping, J. Glaciol., 35, 209-213.
10. Conant, B. H., R. W. Gillham, and C. A. Mendoza (1996), Vapor transport of trichloroethylene in the unsaturated zone: Field and numerical modeling investigations, Water Resour. Res., 32(1), 9-22, doi:10.1029/95WR02965.
11. Cunningham, R. E., and R. J. J. Williams (1980), Diffusion in Gases and Porous Media, 275 pp., Plenum, New York.
12. Cussler, E. W. (1997), Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems, 2nd ed., 580 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
13. Drew, M. C. (1992), Soil aeration and plant root metabolism, Soil Sci., 154(4), 259-268, doi:10.1097/00010694-199210000-00002.
14. Elliott, J. A. (1972), Microscale pressure fluctuations measured within the lower atmospheric boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 53, 351-383, doi:10.1017/S0022112072000199.
15. Elperin, T., N. Kleeorin, and I. Rogachevskii (1997), Turbulent barodiffusion, turbulent thermal diffusion and large-scale instability in gases, Phys. Rev. E, 55, 2713-2721, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.55.2713. (Pubitemid 127607650)
16. Fukuda, H. (1955), Air and vapor movement in soil due to wind gustiness, Soil Sci., 79, 249-256, doi:10.1097/00010694-195504000-00002.
17. Gee, G. W., and D. Hiller (1988), Groundwater recharge in arid regions: Review and critique of estimation methods, Hydrol. Processes, 2(3), 255-266, doi:10.1002/hyp.3360020306. (Pubitemid 19297440)
18. Hillel, D. (1998), Environmental Soil Physics, 2nd ed., 771 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif.
19. Hirst, W., and G. E. Harrison (1939), The diffusion of radon gas mixtures, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 169, 573-586, doi:10.1098/rspa.1939. 0016.
20. Houghton, R. A., and G. M. Woodwell (1989), Global warming change, Sci. Am., 260, 18-26.
21. Ishihara, Y., E. Shimojima, and H. Harada (1992), Water vapor transfer beneath bare soil where evaporation is influenced by a turbulent surface wind, J. Hydrol., 131(1-4), 63-104, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(92)90213-F.
22. Kaltschmitt, M., and A. Wiese (2007), Wind energy, in Renewable Energy: Technology, Economics, and Environment, edited by M. Kaltschmitt, W. Streicher, and A. Wiese, pp. 49-66, Springer, New York.
23. Kamai, T., N. Weisbrod, and M. I. S. Dragila (2009), Impact of ambient temperature on evaporation from surface-exposed fractures, Water Resour. Res., 45, W02417, doi:10.1029/2008WR007354.
24. Kay, F. R., and W. G. Whitford (1978), The burrow environment of the banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis, in south-central New Mexico, Am. Midl. Nat., 99(2), 270-279, doi:10.2307/2424805.
25. Kimball, B. A., and E. R. Lemon (1971), Air turbulence effects upon soil gas exchange, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 35, 16-21, doi:10.2136/sssaj1971. 03615995003500010013x.
26. Kimball, B. A., and E. R. Lemon (1972), Theory of soil air movement due to pressure fluctuations, Agric. Meteorol., 9, 163-181, doi:10.1016/0002- 1571(71)90020-3.
27. Kleineidam, C., R. Ernst, and F. Roces (2001), Wind induced ventilation of the giant nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri, Naturwissenschaften, 88(7), 301-305, doi:10.1007/s001140100235. (Pubitemid 32721511)
28. Kowalski, A. S., and E. P. Sánchez-Cañete (2010), A new definition of the virtual temperature, valid for the atmosphere and the CO2-rich air of the vadose zone, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 49, 1692-1695, doi:10.1175/2010JAMC2534.1.
29. Kowalski, A. S., P. Serrano-Ortiz, I. A. Janssens, S. Sanchez-Moral, S. Cuezva, F. Domingo, A. Were, and L. Alados-Arboledas (2008), Can flux tower research neglect geochemical CO2 exchange?, Agric. For. Meteorol., 148, 1045-1054, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.02.004.
30. Kristensen, H. A., A. Thorbjoørn, M. P. Jensen, M. Pedersen, and P. Moldrup (2010), Gas-phase diffusivity and tortuosity of structured soils, J. Contam. Hydrol., 115(1-4), 26-33, doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.03.003.
31. Lambers, H., F. S. Chapin, and T. L. Pons (2008), Plant Physiological Ecology, 2nd ed., 604 pp., Springer, New York, doi:10.1007/978-0- 387-78341-3.
32. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifšic (1987), Fluid Mechanics, Course of Theoretical Physics, 6, 2nd ed., 539 pp., Pergamon Press, Oxford, U. K.
33. Lattimer, T. R. B., and A. D. Fitt (1998), Unsteady slot suction from a high- Reynolds-number cross-flow, J. Eng. Math., 33(3), 293-310, doi:10.1023/ A:1004315008820.
34. Lenhard, R. J., M. Oostrom, C. S. Simmons, and M. D. White (1995), Investigation of density-dependent gas advection of trichloroethylene: Experiment and a model validation exercise, J. Contam. Hydrol., 19, 47-67, doi:10.1016/0169-7722(94)00055-M.
35. Lewicki, J. L., G. E. Hilley, T. Tosha, R. Aoyagi, K. Yamamoto, and S. M. Benson (2007), Dynamic coupling of volcanic CO2 flow and wind at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03401, doi:10.1029/2006GL028848. (Pubitemid 47287275)
36. Lifšic Lienhard, J. H., IV, and J. H. Lienhard V (2008), A Heat Transfer Textbook, 3rd ed., 749 pp., Dover, Mineola, N. Y.
37. Liu, Z., and J. Zhao (2000), Contribution of carbonate rock weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink, Environ. Geol. (Berlin), 39(9), 1053-1058, doi:10.1007/s002549900072. (Pubitemid 30471546)
38. Markowski, P., and Y. Richardson (2010), Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes, 430 pp., Wiley and Sons, U. K., doi:10.1002/ 9780470682104.
39. Marshall, T. J. (1958), A relation between permeability and size distribution of pores, J. Soil Sci., 9, 1-8, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1958. tb01892.x.
40. Marshall, T. J. (1959), The diffusion of gases through porous media, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 10(1), 79-82.
41. Millington, R. J., and J. P. Quirk (1961), Permeability of porous solids, Trans. Faraday Soc., 57(7), 1200-1207, doi:10.1039/tf9615701200.
42. Nachshon, U., N. Weisbrod, and I. M. Dragila (2008), Quantifying air convection through surface-exposed fractures: A laboratory study, Vadose Zone J., 7(3), 948-956, doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0165.
43. Nachshon, U., N. Weisbrod, M. I. Dragila, and A. Grader (2011), Combined evaporation and salt precipitation in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media, Water Resour. Res., 47, W03513, doi:10.1029/ 2010WR009677.
44. Nazaroff, W. W. (1992), Radon transport from soil to air, Rev. Geophys., 30, 137-160, doi:10.1029/92RG00055.
45. Nilson, R. H., and S. K. Griffiths (2003), Natural convection in trenches of high aspect ratio, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150(6), C401-C412, doi:10.1149/ 1.1569480.
46. Penman, H. L. (1940a), Gas and vapour movements in the soil: I. The diffusion of vapours through porous solids, J. Agric. Sci., 30, 437-462, doi:10.1017/S0021859600048164.
47. Penman, H. L. (1940b), Gas and vapour movements in the soil: II. The diffusion of carbon dioxide through porous solids, J. Agric. Sci., 30, 570-581, doi:10.1017/S0021859600048231.
48. Pirkle, R. J., D. E. Wyatt, V. Price, and B. B. Looney (1992), Barometric pumping: The connection between the vadose zone and the atmosphere, in Proceedings of the FOCUS Conference on Eastern Regional Ground Water Issues, pp. 427-442, Natl. Ground Water Assoc., Dublin, Ohio.
49. Press, F., and R. Siever (1986), Earth, 4th ed., Freeman, New York, N.Y.
50. Reimer, G. M., and C. G. Bowles (1979), Soil-gas helium concentrations in the vicinity of a uranium deposit, Red Desert, Wyoming, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 79-975, 9 pp.
51. Rogie, J. D., D. M. Kerrick, M. L. Sorey, G. Chiodini, and D. L. Galloway (2001), Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission at Mammoth Mountain, California, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 188(3-4), 535-541, doi:10.1016/ S0012-821X(01)00344-2. (Pubitemid 32608710)
52. Ronen, D., H. L. Wiener, E. R. Graber, O. Dahan, and N. Weisbrod (2010), Simultaneous counter-flow of chlorinated volatile organic compounds across the saturated unsaturated interface region of an aquifer, Water Res., 44(7), 2107-2112, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.016.
53. Rossabi, J. (2006), Analyzing barometric pumping to characterize subsurface permeability, in Gas Transport in Porous Media, edited by C. K. Ho and S. W. Webb, pp. 279-290, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, doi:10.1007/1-4020-3962-X-16.
54. Sánchez-Cañete, E. P., P. Serrano-Ortiz, A. Kowalski C. Oyonarte, and F. Domingo (2011), Subterranean CO2 ventilation and its role in the net ecosystem carbon balance of a karstic shrubland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09802, doi:10.1029/2011GL047077.
55. Scanlon, B. R., W. S. Tyler, and J. P. Wierenga (1997), Hydrologic issues in arid, unsaturated systems and implications for contaminant transport, Rev. Geophys., 35(4), 461-490, doi:10.1029/97RG01172. (Pubitemid 127659334)
56. Scanlon, B. R., J. P. Nicot, and J. W. Massmann (2001), Soil gas movement in unsaturated systems, in Soil Physics Companion, edited by A. W. Warrick, pp. 297-341, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., doi:10.1201/ 9781420041651.ch8.
57. Scott, H. (2000), Soil Physics: Agricultural and Environmental Applications, 421 pp., Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames.
58. Smith, J. A., A. K. Tisdale, and H. J. Cho (1996), Quantification of natural vapor fluxes of TCE in the unsaturated zone at Picatinny arsenal, New Jersey, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30(7), 2243-2250, doi:10.1021/es950610c. (Pubitemid 26234418)
59. Takle, E. S., W. J. Massman, J. R. Brandle, R. A. Schmidt, X. Zhou, I. V. Litvina, R. Garcia, G. Doyle, and C. W. Rice (2004), Influence of high-frequency ambient pressure pumping on carbon dioxide efflux from soil, Agric. For. Meteorol., 124, 193-206, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet. 2004.01.014. (Pubitemid 38946014)
60. Trabelsi, H., M. Jamei, H. Zenzri, and S. Olivella (2011), Crack patterns in clayey soils: Experiments and modeling, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., doi:10.1002/nag.1060, in press.
61. Van Den Berg, G. P. (2004), Effects of the wind profile at night on wind turbine sound, J. Sound Vibrat., 277, 955-970, doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2003.09.050.
62. Vogel, S., C. Ellington, and D. Kilgore (1973), Wind-induced ventilation of the burrow of the prairie-dog Cynomys ludovicianus, J. Comp. Physiol. A., 85(1), 1-14, doi:10.1007/BF00694136.
63. Waddington, E. D., J. Cunningham, and S. L. Harder (1996), The effects of snow ventilation on chemical concentrations, in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, NATO ASI Ser., vol. 43, edited by E. W. Wolff and R. C. Bales, pp. 403-452, Springer, Berlin.
64. Walmann, T., S. Malthe-Soørensen, J. Feder, T. Joøssang, P. Meakin, and H. H. Hardy (1996), Scaling relations for the lengths and widths of fractures, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77(27), 5393-5396.doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.5393 (Pubitemid 40620109)
65. Weast, R. C. (1980), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
66. Weeks, E. P. (1991), Does the wind blow through Yucca Mountain?, in Proceedings of Workshop V: Flow and Transport Through Unsaturated Fractured Rock-Related to High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal, edited by D. D. Evans et al., pp. 45-53, U.S. Nucl. Reg. Comm., Washington, D. C.
67. Weeks, E. P. (1994), Thermal and wind pumping as mechanisms for passive vapor extractions in hilly terrain (Abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 75(44), 263.
68. Weihermüller, L., M. Lamers, and M. Reichstein (2011), Introduction to production, transport and emission of trace gases from the Vadose zone to the Atmosphere, Vadose Zone J., 10, 151-155, doi:10.2136/ vzj2010.0117.
69. Weinberger, R. (2001), Evolution of polygonal patterns in stratified mud during desiccation: The role of flaw distribution and layer boundaries, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 113, 20-31, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2001) 113<0020:EOPPIS>2. 0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 33056203)