메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 3-8

Cryoglobulinemia (Review)

Author keywords

Cryoglobulinemia; Hepatitis C virus; Immunoglobulins; Purpuric papule; Rituximab; Vasculitis

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CRYOGLOBULIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PEGINTERFERON; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA; PREDNISONE; RIBAVIRIN; RITUXIMAB; STEROID;

EID: 84861581225     PISSN: 17912997     EISSN: 17913004     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.861     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0001563439 scopus 로고
    • Hyperproteinemia associated with multiple myeloma: With report of a case in which an extraordinary hyperproteinemia was associated with thrombosis of the retinal veins and symptoms suggesting Raynaud's disease
    • Wintrobe M and Buell M: Hyperproteinemia associated with multiple myeloma: With report of a case in which an extraordinary hyperproteinemia was associated with thrombosis of the retinal veins and symptoms suggesting Raynaud's disease. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 52: 156-165, 1933.
    • (1933) Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp , vol.52 , pp. 156-165
    • Wintrobe, M.1    Buell, M.2
  • 2
    • 0016262898 scopus 로고
    • Biologic and clinical significance of cryoglobulins. A report of 86 cases
    • Brouet JC, Clauvel JP, Danon F, Klein M and Seligmann M: Biologic and clinical significance of cryoglobulins. A report of 86 cases. Am J Med 57: 775-788, 1974.
    • (1974) Am J Med , vol.57 , pp. 775-788
    • Brouet, J.C.1    Clauvel, J.P.2    Danon, F.3    Klein, M.4    Seligmann, M.5
  • 9
    • 67650484289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic auto-immune diseases in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: Characterization of 1020 cases (The HISPAMEC Registry)
    • Ramos-Casals M, Muñoz S, Medina F, et al: Systemic auto-immune diseases in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: characterization of 1020 cases (The HISPAMEC Registry). J Rheumatol 36: 1442-1448, 2009.
    • (2009) J Rheumatol , vol.36 , pp. 1442-1448
    • Ramos-Casals, M.1    Muñoz, S.2    Medina, F.3
  • 11
    • 0013921480 scopus 로고
    • Cryoglobulinemia - A clinical and laboratory study. II. Cryoglobulins with rheumatoid factor activity
    • Meltzer M, Franklin EC, Elias K, McCluskey RT and Cooper N: Cryoglobulinemia - A clinical and laboratory study. II. Cryoglobulins with rheumatoid factor activity. Am J Med 40: 837-856, 1966.
    • (1966) Am J Med , vol.40 , pp. 837-856
    • Meltzer, M.1    Franklin, E.C.2    Elias, K.3    McCluskey, R.T.4    Cooper, N.5
  • 12
    • 0018934508 scopus 로고
    • Mixed cryoglobulinemia: Clinical aspects and long-term follow-up of 40 patients
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90390-3
    • Gorevic PD, Kassab HJ, Levo Y, Kohn R, Meltzer M, Prose P and Franklin E: Mixed cryoglobulinemia: clinical aspects and long-term follow-up of 40 patients. Am J Med 69: 287-308, 1980. (Pubitemid 10036826)
    • (1980) American Journal of Medicine , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 287-308
    • Gorevic, P.D.1    Kassab, H.J.2    Levo, Y.3
  • 13
    • 0020537393 scopus 로고
    • Secondary and essential cryoglobulinemias. Frequency, nosological classification, and long-term follow-up
    • Invernizzi F, Galli M, Serino G, Monti G, Meroni PL, Granatieri C and Zanussi C: Secondary and essential cryoglobulinemias. Frequency, nosological classification, and long-term follow-up. Acta Haematol 70: 73-82, 1983. (Pubitemid 13076858)
    • (1983) Acta Haematologica , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-82
    • Invernizzi, F.1    Galli, M.2    Serino, G.3
  • 14
    • 0028804596 scopus 로고
    • Cryoglobulinaemias: A multi-center study of the early clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary and secondary disease. GISC
    • Italian Group for the Study of Cryoglobulinaemias
    • Monti G, Galli M, Invernizzi F, Pioltelli P, Saccardo F, Monteverde A, Pietrogrande M, Renoldi P, Bombardieri S, Bordin G, et al: Cryoglobulinaemias: a multi-center study of the early clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary and secondary disease. GISC. Italian Group for the Study of Cryoglobulinaemias. QJM 88: 115-126, 1995.
    • (1995) QJM , vol.88 , pp. 115-126
    • Monti, G.1    Galli, M.2    Invernizzi, F.3    Pioltelli, P.4    Saccardo, F.5    Monteverde, A.6    Pietrogrande, M.7    Renoldi, P.8    Bombardieri, S.9    Bordin, G.10
  • 16
    • 0033505714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
    • DOI 10.1002/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2507::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-#
    • Lamprecht P, Gause A and Gross WL: Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 42: 2507-2516, 1999. (Pubitemid 30327166)
    • (1999) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 2507-2516
    • Lamprecht, P.1    Gause, A.2    Gross, W.L.3
  • 22
    • 0031889109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro reactivity of cryoglobulin IgM and IgG in hepatitis C virus- associated mixed cryoglobulinemia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80197-9
    • Schott P, Polzien F, Müller-Issberner A, et al: In vitro reactivity of cryoglobulin IgM and IgG in hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. J Hepatol 28: 17-26, 1998. (Pubitemid 28122495)
    • (1998) Journal of Hepatology , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-26
    • Schott, P.1    Polzien, F.2    Muller-Issberner, A.3    Ramadori, G.4    Hartmann, H.5
  • 24
    • 0019869151 scopus 로고
    • Articular manifestations of essential cryoglobulinemia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0049-0172(81)80004-2
    • Weinberger A, Berliner S and Pinkhas J: Articular manifestations of essential cryoglobulinemia. Semin Arthritis Rheum 10: 224-229, 1981. (Pubitemid 11106802)
    • (1981) Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 224-229
    • Weinberger, A.1    Berliner, S.2    Pinkhas, J.3
  • 26
    • 0023812718 scopus 로고
    • Reappraisal of the clinical expression of mixed cryoglobulinemia
    • Montagnino G: Reappraisal of the clinical expression of mixed cryoglobulinemia: Springer Semin Immunopathol 10: 1-19, 1988.
    • (1988) Springer Semin Immunopathol , vol.10 , pp. 1-19
    • Montagnino, G.1
  • 27
    • 0026631203 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral neuropathy in mixed cryoglobulinemia. Clinical and electrophysiologic investigations
    • Ferri C, La Civita L, Cirafisi C, et al: Peripheral neuropathy in mixed cryoglobulinemia. clinical and electrophysiologic investigations. J Rheumatol 19: 889-895, 1992.
    • (1992) J Rheumatol , vol.19 , pp. 889-895
    • Ferri, C.1    La Civita, L.2    Cirafisi, C.3
  • 33
    • 33845968066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus infection: A general overview and guidelines for a clinical approach
    • DOI 10.1016/j.dld.2006.06.008, PII S1590865806002556
    • Zignego AL, Ferri C, Pileri SA, Caini P, Bianchi FB; for the Italian Association of the Study of Liver Commission on Extrahepatic Manifestations of HCV infection: Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus infection. a general overview and guidelines for a clinical approach. Dig Liver Dis 39 :2-17, 2007. (Pubitemid 46039435)
    • (2007) Digestive and Liver Disease , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-17
    • Zignego, A.L.1    Ferri, C.2    Pileri, S.A.3    Caini, P.4    Bianchi, F.B.5
  • 34
    • 0030776275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic lymphoid aggregates in chronic hepatitis C and mixed cryoglobulinemia
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00945028
    • Monteverde A, Ballarè M and Pileri S: Hepatic lymphoid aggregates in chronic hepatitis C and mixed cryoglobulinemia. Springer Semin Imunopathol 19: 99-110, 1997. (Pubitemid 27417531)
    • (1997) Springer Seminars in Immunopathology , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-110
    • Monteverde, A.1    Ballare, M.2    Pileri, S.3
  • 35
    • 30944439535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HCV-associated B cell clonalities in the liver do not carry the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation
    • DOI 10.1002/hep.20887
    • Sansonno D, Tucci FA, De Re V, Lauletta G, Montrone M, Libra M and Dammacco F: HCV-associated B cell clonalities in the liver do not carry the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation. Hepatology 42: 1019-1027, 2005. (Pubitemid 43112668)
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Sansonno, D.1    Tucci, F.A.2    De Re, V.3    Lauletta, G.4    Montrone, M.5    Libra, M.6    Dammacco, F.7
  • 36
    • 54049125425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between mixed cryoglobulinemia, translocation (14;18), and persistence of occult HCV lymphoid infection after treatment
    • Giannini C, Giannelli F and Zignego AL: Association between mixed cryoglobulinemia, translocation (14;18), and persistence of occult HCV lymphoid infection after treatment. Hepatology 42: 1019-1027, 2005.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.42 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Giannini, C.1    Giannelli, F.2    Zignego, A.L.3
  • 40
    • 9544229685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia with recombinant interferon alpha and adjuvant therapies: A prospective study on 20 patients
    • Cohen, P, Nguyen, QT, Deny P, et al: Treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia with recombinant interferon alpha and adjuvant therapies: A prospective study on 20 patients. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 147: 81-86, 1996.
    • (1996) Ann Med Interne (Paris) , vol.147 , pp. 81-86
    • Cohen, P.1    Nguyen, Q.T.2    Deny, P.3
  • 41
    • 0023744122 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral neuropathy in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
    • Garcia-Bragado, F, Fernandez, JM, Navarro, C, et al: Peripheral neuropathy in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Arch Neurol 45: 1210-1214, 1988.
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 1210-1214
    • Garcia-Bragado, F.1    Fernandez, J.M.2    Navarro, C.3
  • 42
    • 0019991927 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of cryoglobulinemic neuropathy
    • Chad, D, Pariser, K, Bradley, WG, et al: The pathogenesis of cryoglobulinemic neuropathy. Neurology 32: 725-729, 1982. (Pubitemid 12078050)
    • (1982) Neurology , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 725-729
    • Chad, D.1    Pariser, K.2    Bradley, W.G.3
  • 43
    • 0023878203 scopus 로고
    • Cryoglobulinaemic neuropathy: A clinical, morphological and immunocytochemical study of 8 cases
    • Nemni, R, Corbo, M, Fazio, R, et al: Cryoglobulinaemic neuropathy: A clinical, morphological and immunocytochemical study of 8 cases. Brain 111: 541-552, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 541-552
    • Nemni, R.1    Corbo, M.2    Fazio, R.3
  • 44
    • 0026604431 scopus 로고
    • Sural nerve bioptic findings in essential cryoglobulinemic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy
    • Tredici, G, Petruccioli, MG, Cavaletti, G, et al: Sural nerve bioptic findings in essential cryoglobulinemic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy. Clin Neuropathol 11: 121-127, 1992.
    • (1992) Clin Neuropathol , vol.11 , pp. 121-127
    • Tredici, G.1    Petruccioli, M.G.2    Cavaletti, G.3
  • 47
    • 33645031646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: Review
    • Ferri C and Mascia MT: Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: Review. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18: 54-63, 2006.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.18 , pp. 54-63
    • Ferri, C.1    Mascia, M.T.2
  • 48
    • 0027358545 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia
    • DOI 10.1002/art.1780361003
    • Abel G, Zhang QX and Agnello V: Hepatitis C virus infection in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Arthritis Rheum 36:1341-1349, 1993. (Pubitemid 23304201)
    • (1993) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 1341-1349
    • Abel, G.1    Zhang, Q.-X.2    Agnello, V.3
  • 49
    • 0031747437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed cryoglobulinaemia: A cross-road between autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders
    • DOI 10.1191/096120398678920091
    • Ferri C, La Civita L, Longombardo G, et al: Mixed cryoglobulinemia: a cross-road between autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. Lupus 7: 275-279, 1998. (Pubitemid 28264006)
    • (1998) Lupus , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 275-279
    • Ferri, C.1    La, C.L.2    Longombardo, G.3    Zignego, A.L.4    Pasero, G.5
  • 50
    • 77953025711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma exchange for treating cryoglobulinemia: A descriptive analysis
    • Rockx MA and Clark WF: Plasma exchange for treating cryoglobulinemia: a descriptive analysis. Transfus Apher Sci 42: 247-251, 2010.
    • (2010) Transfus Apher Sci , vol.42 , pp. 247-251
    • Rockx, M.A.1    Clark, W.F.2
  • 51
    • 0017286016 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of systemic manifestations of cryoglobulinemia: Treatment with melphalan and prednisone
    • Ristow SC, Griner PF, Abraham GN and Shoulson I: Reversal of systemic manifestations of cryoglobulinemia: Treatment with melphalan and prednisone. Arch Intern Med 136: 467-470, 1976.
    • (1976) Arch Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 467-470
    • Ristow, S.C.1    Griner, P.F.2    Abraham, G.N.3    Shoulson, I.4
  • 52
    • 0026513515 scopus 로고
    • Type II essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia: Presentation, treatment and outcome in 13 patients
    • Frankel AH, Singer DR, Winearls CG, et al: Type II essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia: presentation, treatment and outcome in 13 patients. Q J Med 82: 101-124, 1992.
    • (1992) Q J Med , vol.82 , pp. 101-124
    • Frankel, A.H.1    Singer, D.R.2    Winearls, C.G.3
  • 55
    • 0038646302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indications of plasma exchanges for systemic vasculitides
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1526-0968.2003.00036.x
    • Guillevin L and Pagnoux C: Indications of plasma exchanges for systemic vasculitides. Ther Apher Dial 7: 155-160, 2003. (Pubitemid 36753910)
    • (2003) Therapeutic Apheresis , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-160
    • Guillevin, L.1    Pagnoux, C.2
  • 56
  • 57
    • 0033818316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory, symptomatic, hepatitis C virus related mixed cryoglobulinemia with ribavirin and interferon-alpha
    • Zuckerman E, Keren D, Slobodin G, et al: Treatment of refractory, symptomatic, hepatitis C virus related mixed cryoglobulinemia with ribavirin and interferon-alpha. J Rheumatol 27: 2172-2178, 2000.
    • (2000) J Rheumatol , vol.27 , pp. 2172-2178
    • Zuckerman, E.1    Keren, D.2    Slobodin, G.3
  • 58
    • 20144387752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: A pilot study
    • Mazzaro C, Zorat F, Caizzi M, et al: Treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: a pilot study. J Hepatol 42: 632-638, 2005.
    • (2005) J Hepatol , vol.42 , pp. 632-638
    • Mazzaro, C.1    Zorat, F.2    Caizzi, M.3
  • 59
    • 14944373284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEGylated interferon Alfa-2b and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus-related systemic vasculitis
    • DOI 10.1002/art.20958
    • Cacoub P, Saadoun D, Limal N, et al: PEGylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus-related systemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 52: 911-915, 2005. (Pubitemid 40365115)
    • (2005) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 911-915
    • Cacoub, P.1    Saadoun, D.2    Limal, N.3    Sene, D.4    Lidove, O.5    Piette, J.-C.6
  • 61
    • 0038603204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon alpha with an anti-CD20
    • DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3162
    • Sansonno D, De Re V, Lauletta G, et al: Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon alpha with an anti-CD20. Blood 101: 3818-3826, 2003. (Pubitemid 36857852)
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , Issue.10 , pp. 3818-3826
    • Sansonno, D.1    De Re, V.2    Lauletta, G.3    Tucci, F.A.4    Boiocchi, M.5    Dammacco, F.6
  • 63
    • 33745631505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab treatment for glomerulonephritis in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia: Efficacy and safety in the absence of steroids
    • DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/kel004
    • Quartuccio L, Soardo G, Romano G, et al: Rituximab treatment for glomerulonephritis in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia: efficacy and safety in the absence of steroids. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45: 842-846, 2006. (Pubitemid 43985372)
    • (2006) Rheumatology , vol.45 , Issue.7 , pp. 842-846
    • Quartuccio, L.1    Soardo, G.2    Romano, G.3    Zaja, F.4    Scott, C.A.5    De Marchi, G.6    Fabris, M.7    Ferraccioli, G.8    De Vita, S.9
  • 66
    • 0344059037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of hepatitis B-associated vasculitis with lamivudine [1]
    • DOI 10.1097/00004836-200305000-00020
    • Stecevic V, Pevzner MM and Gordon SC: Successful treatment of hepatitis B-associated vasculitis with lamivudine. J Clin Gastroenterol 36: 451, 2003. (Pubitemid 36459147)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 451
    • Stecevic, V.1    Pevzner, M.M.2    Gordon, S.C.3
  • 67
    • 58049217346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remission of hepatitis B virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with entecavir
    • Kawakami T, Ooka S, Mizoguchi M, et al: Remission of hepatitis B virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with entecavir. Ann Intern Med 149: 911-912, 2008.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 911-912
    • Kawakami, T.1    Ooka, S.2    Mizoguchi, M.3
  • 68
    • 58049195584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entecavir to treat hepatitis B-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
    • Enomoto M, Nakanishi T, Nakamishi T, et al: Entecavir to treat hepatitis B-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Ann Intern Med 149: 912-913, 2008.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 912-913
    • Enomoto, M.1    Nakanishi, T.2    Nakamishi, T.3
  • 69
    • 55449123905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed cryoglobulinemia and mortality: A review of the literature
    • Della Rossa A, Marchi F, Catarsi E, et al: Mixed cryoglobulinemia and mortality: a review of the literature. Clin Exp Rheum 26: S105-S108, 2008.
    • (2008) Clin Exp Rheum , vol.26
    • Della Rossa, A.1    Marchi, F.2    Catarsi, E.3
  • 70
    • 0035791468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed cryoglobulinemia is associated with increased risk for death, or neoplasia in HIV-1 infection
    • Kordossis T, Sipsas NV, Kontos A, et al: Mixed cryoglobulinemia is associated with increased risk for death, or neoplasia in HIV-1 infection. Eur J Clin Invest 31: 1078-1082, 2001.
    • (2001) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.31 , pp. 1078-1082
    • Kordossis, T.1    Sipsas, N.V.2    Kontos, A.3
  • 71
    • 3042767356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed cryoglobulinemia: Demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 231 patients
    • Jun
    • Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, et al: Mixed cryoglobulinemia: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 231 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum Jun 33: 355-374, 2004.
    • (2004) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , pp. 355-374
    • Ferri, C.1    Sebastiani, M.2    Giuggioli, D.3
  • 72
    • 33745713096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history and therapy of 66 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia
    • Jul
    • Bryce AH, Kyle RA, Dispenzieri A, et al: Natural history and therapy of 66 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Am J Hematol Jul 81: 511-518, 2006.
    • (2006) Am J Hematol , vol.81 , pp. 511-518
    • Bryce, A.H.1    Kyle, R.A.2    Dispenzieri, A.3
  • 73
    • 33750945860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: A long-term followup study
    • DOI 10.1002/art.22168
    • Saadoun D, Resche-Rigon M, Thibault V, et al: Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus - associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: a long-term followup study. Arthritis Rheum 54: 3696-3706, 2006. (Pubitemid 44737183)
    • (2006) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.54 , Issue.11 , pp. 3696-3706
    • Saadoun, D.1    Resche-Rigon, M.2    Thibault, V.3    Piette, J.-C.4    Cacoub, P.5
  • 74
    • 34948869799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of death in symptomatic cryoglobulinemia: 30 years of observation in a Department of Internal Medicine
    • DOI 10.1016/S1590-8658(07)80011-9, PII S1590865807800119
    • Saccardo E, Novati P, Sironi D, et al: Causes of death in symptomatic cryoglobulinemia: 30 years of observation in a Department of Internal Medicine. Dig Liver Dis 39: S52-S54, 2007. (Pubitemid 47528194)
    • (2007) Digestive and Liver Disease , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Saccardo, E.1    Novati, P.2    Sironi, D.3    Castelnovo, L.4    Rinaldi, G.5    Monti, G.6
  • 75
    • 77949696600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and predictive factors of mortality in a cohort of patients with hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis treated with antiviral therapy
    • Mar
    • Landau DA, Scerra S, Sene D, et al: Causes and predictive factors of mortality in a cohort of patients with hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis treated with antiviral therapy. J Rheumatol Mar 37: 615-621, 2010.
    • (2010) J Rheumatol , vol.37 , pp. 615-621
    • Landau, D.A.1    Scerra, S.2    Sene, D.3
  • 76
    • 77950194509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality rate and outcome factors in mixed cryoglobulinaemia: The impact of hepatitis C virus
    • Mar
    • Della Rossa A, Tavoni A, D'Ascanio A, et al: Mortality rate and outcome factors in mixed cryoglobulinaemia: the impact of hepatitis C virus. Scand J Rheumatol Mar 39: 167-170, 2010.
    • (2010) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.39 , pp. 167-170
    • Della Rossa, A.1    Tavoni, A.2    D'Ascanio, A.3
  • 77
    • 20444491163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent cryoglobulinemic vasculitis following successful treatment of hepatitis C virus
    • Levine JW, Gota C, Fessler BJ, et al: Persistent cryoglobulinemic vasculitis following successful treatment of hepatitis C virus. J Rheumatol 32: 1164-1167, 2005. (Pubitemid 40828106)
    • (2005) Journal of Rheumatology , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 1164-1167
    • Levine, J.W.1    Gota, C.2    Fessler, B.J.3    Calabrese, L.H.4    Cooper, S.M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.