Illness severity in community-onset invasive staphylococcus aureus infection and the presence of virulence genes

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 205, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 1840-1848

  Wehrhahn, Michael C ^a   Robinson, J Owen ^a,b   Pascoe, Elaine M ^c   Coombs, Geoffrey W ^a,b   Pearson, Julie C ^b   O'Brien, Frances G ^d   Tan, Hui Leen ^b   New, David ^e   Salvaris, Patrick ^e   Salvaris, Ross ^e   Murray, Ronan J ^e,f  

^a PATHWEST LABORATORY MEDICINE   (Australia)

^b Australian Collaborating Centre for Enterococcus and Staphylococcus Species Typing and Research   (Australia)

^c PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN   (Australia)

^d CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^f SIR CHARLES GAIRDNER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADHESIN; COLLAGEN ADHESIN; ENTEROTOXIN; HEMOLYSIN; PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BLOODSTREAM INFECTION; CNA GENE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DNA MICROARRAY; EGC GENE; GENE CLUSTER; GENOTYPE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; ILLNESS SEVERITY SCORE; LUKF GENE; LUKS GENE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; METHICILLIN SUSCEPTIBLE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MOLECULAR CLONING; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; PATHOGENESIS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SPECIES INVASION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BACTEREMIA; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 84861569657     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis279     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, et al. Invasive methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA 2007; 298:1763-71.
2. Nimmo GR, Coombs GW. Community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Australia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31:401-10.
3. Robinson JO, Pearson JC, Christiansen KJ, Coombs GW, Murray RJ. Community-associated versus healthcare-associated methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a 10-year retrospective review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28:353-61.
4. Millar BC, Prendergast BD, Moore JE. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA): an emerging pathogen in infective endocarditis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61:1-7.
5. Morgan MS. Diagnosis and treatment of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-associated staphylococcal pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 30:289-96.
6. Rubinstein K, Kollef MH, Nathwani D, et al. Pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46(suppl 5):S378-85.
7. Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency department. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:666-74.
8. Vandenesch F, Naimi T, Enright MC, et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes-worldwide emergence. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:978-84.
9. Xu Y, Rivas JM, Brown EL, Liang X, Höök M. Virulence potential of the staphylococcal adhesin CNA in experimental arthritis is determined by its affinity for collagen. J Infect Dis 2004; 189:2323-33.
10. Kravitz GR, Dries DJ, Peterson ML, Schlievert PM. Purpura fulminans due to Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 941-7.
11. Morgan WR, Caldwell MD, Brady JM, Stemper ME, Reed KD, Shukla SK. Necrotizing fasciitis due to a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolate harboring an enterotoxin gene cluster. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:668-71.
12. Varshney AK, Mediavilla JR, Robiou N, et al. Diverse enterotoxin gene profiles among clonal complexes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the Bronx, New York. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:6839-49.
13. Skiest DJ, Brown K, Cooper TW, Hoffman-Roberts H, Mussa HR, Elliott AC. Prospective comparison of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant community-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized patients. J Infect 2007; 54:427-34.
14. Munckhof W, Nimmo G, Carney J, et al. Methicillin-susceptible, nonmultiresistant methicillin-resistant and multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a clinical, epidemiological and microbiological comparative study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:355-64.
15. Tong SYC, Bishop EJ, Lilliebridge RA, et al. Community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillinsusceptible S. aureus in indigenous northern Australia: epidemiology and outcomes. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:1461-70.
16. Rozgonyi F, Kocsis E, Kristof K, Nagy K. Is MRSA more virulent than MSSA? Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:843-5.
17. Wehrhahn MC, Robinson JO, Pearson JC, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of invasive community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: a prospective case-control study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:1025-33.
18. Infection control guidelines for the prevention of transmission of infectious diseases in the health care setting. Commonwealth of Australia, 2004; Appendix 1: 7-8. Available at: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/ publishing.nsf/Content/icg-guidelines-index.htm. Accessed 6 January 2009.
19. Laupland KB, Church DL, Mucenski M, Sutherland LR, Davies HD. Population-based study of the epidemiology of and the risk factors for invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections. J Infect Dis 2003; 187: 1452-9.
20. Fridkin SK, Hageman JC, Morrison MHS, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in three communities. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1436-44.
21. Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30:633-8.
22. Le Gall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F, et al. A new simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA 1993; 270:2957-63.
23. Costa AM, Kay I, Palladino S. Rapid detection of mecA and nuc genes in staphylococci by real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 51:13-7.
24. O'Brien FG, Udo EE, Grubb WB. Contour-clamped homogenous electric field electrophoresis of Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Protoc 2006; 1:3028-33.
25. Enright MC, Day NP, Davies CE, Peacock SJ, Spratt BG. Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin- susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1008-15.
26. Fey PD, Said-Salim B, Rupp ME, et al. Comparative molecular analysis of community-or hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:196-203.
27. Lim TT, Chong FN, O'Brien FG, et al. Are all community methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus related? A comparison of their mec regions. Pathology 2003; 35:336-43.
28. Zhang K, McClure JA, Elsayed S, et al. Novel multiplex assay for characterization and concomitant subtyping of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types I to V in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:5026-33.
29. Monecke S, Slickers P, Ehricht R. Assignment of Staphylococcus aureus isolates to clonal complexes based on microarray analysis and pattern recognition. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2008; 53: 237-51.
30. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2001:582-627.
31. Xiong YQ, Fowler VG, Yeaman MR, Perdreau-Remington F, Kreiswirth BNBayer AS. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in vitro and in an experimental endocarditis model. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:201-8.
32. Gosbell IB, Barbagiannakos T, Neville SA, et al. Non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Sydney, Australia: emergence of EMRSA-15, Oceania, Queensland and Western Australian MRSA strains. Pathology 2006; 38:239-44.
33. Gubbay JB, Gosbell IB, Barbagiannakos T, Vickery AM, Mercer JL, Watson M. Clinical features, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and exotoxin genes (including that of Panton-Valentine leukocidin) of gentamicin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (GS-MRSA) isolated at a paediatric teaching hospital in New South Wales, Australia. Pathology 2008; 410:64-71.
34. Monecke S, Berger-B?chi B, Coombs G, et al. Comparative genomics and DNA array-based genotyping of pandemic Staphylococcus aureus strains encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:236-49.
35. Hienz SA, Schennings T, Heimdahl A, Flock JL. Collagen binding of Staphylococcus aureus is a virulence factor in experimental endocarditis. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:83-8.
36. Holtfreter S, Bauer K, Thomas D, et al. egc-encoded superantigens from Staphylococcus aureus are neutralized by human sera much less efficiently than are classical staphylococcal enterotoxins or toxic shock syndrome toxin. Infect Immunol 2004; 72:4061-71.
37. Grumann D, Scharf SS, Holtfreter S, et al. Immune cell activation by enterotoxin gene cluster (egc)-encoded and non-egc superantigens from Staphylococcus aureus. J Immunol 2008; 181:5054-61.
38. Becker K, Friedrich AW, Lubritz G, Weilert M, Peters G, von Eiff C. Prevalence of genes encoding pyrogenic toxin superantigens and exfoliative toxins among strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood and nasal specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1431-9.
39. Peacock SJ, Moore CE, Justice A, et al. Virulent combinations of adhesin and toxin genes in natural populations of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2002; 70:4987-96.
40. Zhang K, McClure JA, Elsayed S, Tan J, Conly JM. Coexistence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive and negative community-associated MRSA USA400 sibling strain in a large Canadian health-care region. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:195-204.
41. Peyrani P, Allen M, Wiemken TL, et al. Severity of disease and clinical outcomes in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains not influenced by the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:766-71.
42. Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:S350-9.
43. Wang R, Braughton KR, Kretschmer D, et al. Identification of novel cytolytic peptides as key virulence determinants for communityassociated MRSA. Nature Med 2007; 13:1510-4.
44. Baba T, Takeuchi F, Kuroda M, et al. Genome and virulence determinants of high virulence community-acquired MRSA. Lancet 2002; 359:1819-27.
45. Montgomery CP, Boyle-Vavra S, Adem PV, et al. Comparison of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus pulsotypes USA300 and USA400 in a rat model of pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:561-70.
46. Bernardo K, Pakulat N, Fleer S, et al. Subinhibitory concentrations of linezolid reduce Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor expression. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:546-55.
47. Ulrich RG. Evolving superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 27:1-7.