Robust foreground detection: A fusion of masked greyworld, probabilistic gradient information and extended conditional random field approach

Sensors (Switzerland)

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 5623-5649

  Zulkifley, Mohd Asyraf ^a   Moran, Bill ^b   Rawlinson, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Colour co occurrence; Colour constancy; Conditional random field; Edge based modelling; Foreground detection; Gaussian modelling; Shadow removal

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861549011     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s120505623     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Li, L.; Huang, W.; Gu, I.Y.H.; Tian, Q. Foreground Object Detection from Videos Containing Complex Background. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2-8 November 2003; pp. 2-10.
2. Stauffer, C.; Grimson, W.E.L. Adaptive Background Mixture Models for Real-Time Tracking. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 1999, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 23-25 June 1999; Volume 2, p. 252.
3. Wang, Y. Foreground and Shadow Detection Based on Conditional Random Field. In Proceedings of the International Conference Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, Vienna, Austria, 27-29 August 2007.
4. Zulkifley, M.A. Topics in Robust Video Analytics (submitted). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Austrilia, 2012.
5. Jimenez-Hernandez, H. Background subtraction approach based on independent component analysis. Sensors 2010, 10, 6092-6114.
6. Buchsbaum, G. A spatial processor model for object colour perception. J. Franklin Inst. 1980, 310, 1-26.
7. Renno, J.P.; Makris, D.; Ellis, T.; Jones, G.A. Application and Evaluation of Colour Constancy in Visual Surveillance. In Proceedings of the 2nd Joint IEEE International Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, 15-16 October 2005; pp. 301-308.
8. Lee, Y.S.; Chung, W.Y. Visual sensor based abnormal event detection with moving shadow removal in home healthcare applications. Sensors 2012, 12, 573-584.
9. Varcheie, P.D.Z.; Sills-Lavoie, M.; Bilodeau, G.A. A multiscale region-based motion detection and background subtraction algorithm. Sensors 2010, 10, 1041-1061.
10. Ridder, C.; Munkelt, O.; Kirchner, H. Adaptive Background Estimation and Foreground Detection Using Kalman-Filtering. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advance in Mechatronics, Istanbul, Turkey, 14-16 August 1995; Volume 1, pp. 193-199.
11. Wang, C.; Liao, M.; Li, X. Ship detection in SAR image based on the alpha-stable distribution. Sensors 2008, 8, 4948-4960.
12. Bozzoli, M.; Cinque, L.; Sangineto, E. A Statistical Method for People Counting in Crowded Environments. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing 2007, Modena, Italy, 10-14 September 2007; pp. 506-511.
13. Yu, S.; Chen, X.; Sun, W.; Xie, D. A Robust Method for Detecting and Counting People. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing, Shanghai, China, 7-9 July 2008; pp. 1545-1549.
14. Tao, J.; Tan, Y.P. Color Appearance-Based Approach to Robust Tracking and Recognition of Multiple People. In Proceedings of the 2003 Joint Conference of the 4th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing and the 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, Singapore, 15-18 December 2003; Volume 1, pp. 95-99.
15. Verges-Llahi, J.; Tarrida, A.; Sanfeliu, A. New Approaches for Colour Histogram Adaptation in Face Tracking Tasks. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition 2002, Quebec City, QC, Canada, 11-15 August 2002; Volume 1, pp. 381-384.
16. Li, L.; Huang, W.; Gu, I.Y.H.; Tian, Q. Foreground Object Detection in Changing Background Based on Color Co-Occurrence Statistics. In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision 2002, Orlando, FL, USA, 3-4 December 2002; pp. 269-274.
17. Zhao, Q.; Tao, H. Object Tracking Using Color Correlogram. In Proceedings of the 2nd Joint IEEE International Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, 15-16 October 2005; pp. 263-270.
18. Viertl, R.; Trutschnig, W. Fuzzy Histograms and Fuzzy Probability Distributions; Forschungs- bericht SM-2006-1; Vienna University of Technology: Vienna, Austria, 2006.
19. Huaifeng, Z.; Wenjing, J.; Xiangjian, H.; Qiang, W. Modified Color Ratio Gradient. In Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, Shanghai, China, 30 October-2 November 2005; pp. 1-4.
20. Haritaoglu, I.; Harwood, D.; Davis, L.S. W4: Who? When? Where? What? A Real Time System for Detecting And Tracking People. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Nara, Japan, 14-16 April 1998; pp. 222-227.
21. Barandiaran, J.; Murguia, B.; Boto, F. Real-Time People Counting Using Multiple Lines. In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, Klagenfurt, Austria, 7-9 May 2008; pp. 159-162.
22. Hsu, W.; Chua, S.T.; Pung, K.H. An Integrated Color-Spatial Approach to Content-Based Image Retrieval. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, San Francisco, CA, USA, 5-9 November 1995; pp. 305-313.
23. Kumar, S.; Hebert, M. Discriminative Fields for Modelling Spatial Dependencies in Natural Images. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 8-13 December 2003.
24. Paragios, N.; Ramesh, V. A MRF-Based Approach for Real-Time Subway Monitoring. In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai, HI, USA, 8-14 December 2001; Volume 1, pp. 1034-1040.
25. Zhao, Y.; Gong, H.; Lin, L.; Jia, Y. Spatio-Temporal Patches for Night Background Modeling by Subspace Learning. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Tampa, FL, USA, 8-11 December 2008; pp. 1-4.
26. Pless, R. Spatio temporal background models for outdoor surveillance. J. Appl. Signal Process. 2005, 14, 2281-2291.
27. Kamijo, S.; Ikeuchi, K.; Sakauchi, M. Segmentations of Spatio-Temporal Images by Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Field Model. In Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 2001; pp. 298-313.
28. Wang, Y.; Loe, K.F.; Wu, J.K. A dynamic conditional random field model for foreground and shadow segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 2006, 28, 279-289.
29. Cubber, G.D.; Sahli, H.; Ping, H.; Colon, E. A Colour Constancy Approach for Illumination Invariant Colour Target Tracking. In Proceedings of the IARP Workshop on Robots for Humanitarian Demining, Vienna, Austria, 3-5 November 2002; pp. 63-68.
30. Nayak, A.; Chaudhuri, S. Self-Induced Color Correction for Skin Tracking under Varying Illumination. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing 2003, Barcelona, Spain, 14-18 September 2003; pp. 1009-1012.
31. Finlayson, G.D.; Schiele, B.; Crowley, J.L. Comprehensive Colour Image Normalization. In Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV '98), Freiburg, Germany, 2-6 June 1998; pp. 475-490.
32. Ebner, M. Combining White-Patch Retinex and the Gray World Assumption to Achieve Color Constancy for Multiple Illuminants. In Proceedings of the DAGM-Symposium, Magdeburg, Germany, 10-12 September 2003; pp. 60-67.
33. Zulkifley, M.A.; Moran, B. Enhancement of Robust Foreground Detection through Masked Grey World and Color Co-Occurrence Approach. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, Chengdu, China, 9-11 July 2010; Volume 4, pp. 131-136.
34. Zulkifley, M.A.; Moran, B. Colour Co-Occurrence and Edge Based Background Modelling with Conditional Random Field Shadow Removal. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, Chengdu, China, 9-11 July 2010; Volume 4, pp. 137-141.
35. Yilmaz, A.; Javed, O.; Shah, M. Object tracking: A survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 2006, 38, doi: 10.1145/1177352.1177355.
36. Duda, R.O.; Hart, P.E. A 3 × 3 Isotropic Gradient Operator for Image Processing. In Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis; Sobel, I., Feldman, G., Eds.;Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 1973; pp. 271-272.
37. Bradski, G.; Kaehler, A. Learning OpenCV; O'Reilly Media: Sebastopol, CA, USA, 2008.
38. Rodriguez-Gomez, R.; Fernandez-Sanchez, J.E.; Diaz, J.; Ros, E. FPGA implementation for real-time background subtraction based on horprasert model. Sensors 2012, 12, 585-611.