Group cohesion without group mobilization: The case of Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals

British Journal of Political Science

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 597-616

  Egan, Patrick J ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861448225     PISSN: 00071234     EISSN: 14692112     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0007123411000500     Document Type: Article

References (64)

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2. Leonie Huddy, 'From Social to Political Identity: A Critical Examination of Social Identity Theory', Political Psychology, 22 (2001), 127-56.
3. Murray S. Edelman, 'Understanding the Gay and Lesbian Vote in '92', Public Perspective, 4 (1993), 32-3;
4. Patrick J. Egan and Kenneth Sherrill, 'Marriage and the Shifting Priorities of a New Generation of Lesbians and Gays', PS: Political Science and Politics, 38 (2005), 229-32; (Pubitemid 40653410)
5. Gregory B. Lewis, Marc A. Rogers and Kenneth Sherrill, 'Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Voters in the 2000 Election', Politics and Policy, 39 (2011), 655-77;
6. Brian Schaffner and Nenad Senic, 'Rights or Benefits? Explaining the Sexual Identity Gap in American Political Behavior', Political Research Quarterly, 59 (2006), 123-32; (Pubitemid 43972375)
7. Kenneth Sherrill, 'The Political Power of Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals', PS: Political Science and Politics, 29 (1996), 469-73; (Pubitemid 126176530)
8. Raymond A. Smith and Donald P. Haider-Markel, Gay and Lesbian Americans and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO Press, 2002).
9. Robert W. Bailey, Gay Politics, Urban Politics: Identity and Economics in the Urban Setting (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999);
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19. William D. Mosher, Anjani Chandra and Jo Jones, 'Sexual Behavior and Selected Health Measures: Men and Women 15-44 Years of Age, United States, 2002', Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics, 362 (15 September 2005);
20. Preeti Pathela, Anjum Hajat, Julia Schillinger, Susan Blank, Randall Sell and Farzad Mostashari, 'Discordance between Sexual Behavior and Self-Reported Sexual Identity: A Population-Based Survey of New York City Men', Annals of Internal Medicine, 145 (2006), 416-25. (Pubitemid 46768572)
21. Berelson, Lazarsfeld and McPhee, Voting.
22. Richard Centers, The Psychology of Social Classes (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1949).
23. Lisa Schur, Todd Shields and Kay Schriner, 'Generational Cohorts, Group Membership and Political Participation by People with Disabilities', Political Research Quarterly, 58 (2005), 487-96. (Pubitemid 41498244)
24. For a thorough review of this literature, see Leonie Huddy, 'Group Identity and Political Cohesion', in David O. Sears, Leonie Huddy and Robert Jervis, eds, Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 511-58.
25. Pamela Johnston Conover, 'The Influence of Group Perceptions on Political Perception and Evaluation', Journal of Politics, 46 (1984), 760-85;
26. Michael C. Dawson, Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994);
27. Katherine Tate, From Protest to Politics: The New Black Voters in American Elections (New York: Russell Sage Foundation and Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993).
28. Jack Citrin, Cara Wong and Brian Duff, 'The Meaning of American National Identity: Patterns of Ethnic Conflict and Consensus', in Richard D. Ashmore and Lee Jussim, eds, Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001);
29. Glynis M. Breakwell and Evanthia Lyons, Changing European Identities: Social Psychological Analyses of Social Change (Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996).
30. Donald Kinder, Gordon S. Adams and Paul Gronke, 'Economics and Politics in the 1984 Presidential Election', American Journal of Political Science, 33 (1989), 491-515;
31. Arthur H. Miller, Patricia Gurin, Gerald Gurin and Oksana Malanchuk, 'Group Consciousness and Political Participation', American Journal of Political Science, 25 (1981), 494-511;
32. Hertzog, The Lavender Vote, p. 36.
33. Bailey, Gay Politics, Urban Politics, p. 132.
34. Sherrill, 'The Political Power of Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals', p. 472.
35. For demographic data on residential concentration of LGBs, see Gary J. Gates and Jason Ost, The Gay and Lesbian Atlas (Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press, 2004).
36. Schaffner and Senic, 'Rights or Benefits?
37. Lewis, Rogers, and Sherrill, 'Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Voters in the 2000 Election'.
38. Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller and Donald E. Stokes, The American Voter, Unabridged edn (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1960), p. 323.
39. See, for example, Andrew Gelman and Jennifer Hill, Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/ Hierarchical Models (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 188-90.
40. Michael C. Herron, 'Postestimation Uncertainty in Limited Dependent Variable Models', Political Analysis, 8 (1999), 83-98,
41. implemented by the epcp routine in Stata (Christopher N. Lawrence, 'epcp: Display Classification Accuracy for Nonmetric Dependent Variable Models', 2009, available at www.cnlawrence.com/data/epcp.zip).
42. See for example Daniel E. Ho, Kosuke Imai, Gary King and Elizabeth A. Stuart, 'Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference', Political Analysis, 15 (2007), 199-236;
43. Guido Imbens and Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 'Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation', Journal of Economic Literature, 47 (2009), 5-86.
44. Imbens and Wooldridge, 'Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation', pp. 40-1.
45. See Alberto Abadie and Guido W. Imbens, 'Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects', Econometrica, 74 (2006), 235-67. (Pubitemid 43417686)
46. Software used for these estimates: Alberto Abadie, Jane Leber Herr, Guido W. Imbens and David M. Drukker, 'NNMATCH: Stata Module to Compute Nearest-Neighbor Bias-Corrected Estimators', 2004, available at http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s439701.html.
47. Alexis Diamond and Jasjeet Sekhon, 'Genetic Matching for Estimating Causal Effects: A General Multivariate Matching Method for Achieving Balance in Observational Studies' (unpublished, University of California, Berkeley, 2010).
48. Software used for these estimates: Jasjeet S. Sekhon, 'Multivariate and Propensity Score Matching Software with Automated Balance Optimization: The Matching Package for R', Journal of Statistical Software, 42 (2011:7), 1-52.
49. Donald Green, Bradley Palmquist and Eric Schickler, Partisan Hearts and Minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004);
50. Richard G. Niemi and M. Kent Jennings 'Issues and Inheritance in the Formation of Party Identification', American Journal of Political Science, 35 (1991), 970-88;
51. Laura Stoker and M. Kent Jennings, 'Of Time and the Development of Partisan Polarization', American Journal of Political Science, 52 (2008), 619-35.
52. Christopher H. Achen, 'Parental Socialization and Rational Party Identification', Political Behavior, 24 (2002), 151-70. (Pubitemid 37134129)
53. In 1990, the national voting-age population was 185.5 million people (Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2007 (Washington D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006), p. 12).
54. In that same year (the most recent for which data are available), there were about 170,000 election precincts nationwide (Gary King and Bradley Palmquist, 'The Record of American Democracy, 1984-1990', PS: Political Science and Politics, 30 (1997), 746-7). (Pubitemid 127337735)
55. Anthony Giddens, Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991).
56. Henri Tajfel, Human Groups and Social Categories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981);
57. John C. Turner, Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987)).
58. see Huddy, 'From Social to Political Identity'.
59. Paul Frymer, Uneasy Alliances: Race and Party Competition in America (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999);
60. Paul Frymer and John David Skrentny, 'Coalition Building and the Politics of Electoral Capture during the Nixon Administration: African Americans, Labor, Latinos', Studies in American Political Development, 12 (1998), 1313-61;
61. Charles Anthony Smith, 'The Electoral Capture of Gay and Lesbian Americans: Evidence and Implications from the 2004 Election', Studies in Law, Politics and Society, 40 (2007), 103-21.
62. Jeffrey R. Lax and Justin H. Phillips, 'Gay Rights in the States: Public Opinion and Policy Responsiveness', American Political Science Review, 103 (2009), 367-86;
63. Gary Mucciaroni, Same Sex, Different Politics: Success and Failure in the Struggles over Gay Rights (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
64. Timothy E. Cook, 'The Empirical Study of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Politics: Assessing the First Wave of Research', American Political Science Review, 93 (1999), 679-92, p. 691.