Melting and channelized magmatic flow in chemically heterogeneous, upwelling mantle

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Weatherley, S M ^a   Katz, R F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

magmatic channelization; melt migration; melting; mid ocean ridge

Indexed keywords

DYNAMICS; FILTER BANKS; METAL MELTING; SUBMARINE GEOLOGY; THERMAL DIFFUSION;

GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; HIGH POROSITY; LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM; MAGMATIC CHANNELIZATION; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; MANTLE MELT; MELT MIGRATION; MELTING RATES; MID-OCEAN RIDGES; POROUS FLOW; REACTIVE FLOW; SOURCE ROCKS;

MELTING;

CHANNEL FLOW; CHANNELIZATION; LAVA; MAGMA; MAGMATISM; MANTLE STRUCTURE; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARTIAL MELTING; SOURCE ROCK;

EID: 84861312477     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011GC003989     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Aharonov, E., J. A. Whitehead, P. B. Kelemen, and M. Spiegelman (1995), Channeling instability of upwelling melt in the mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,433-20,450.
2. Aharonov, E., M. Spiegelman, and P. Kelemen (1997), Threedimensional flow and reaction in porous media: Implication for the Earth's mantle and sedimentary basins, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14,821-14,883.
3. Alabaster, T., J. A. Pearce, and J. Malpas (1982), The volcanic stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Oman ophiolite complex, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 81, 168-183.
4. Alexiades, V. and A. D. Solomon (1993), Mathematical Modeling of Melting and Freezing Processes, Hemisphere, Washington, D. C.
5. Allègre, C., and D. L. Turcotte (1986), Implications of a 2-component marble-cake mantle, Nature, 323(6084), 123-127.
6. Allègre, C., B. Hamelin, and B. Dupré (1984) Statistical analysis of isotopic ratios in MORB: The mantle blob cluster model and the convective regime of the mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 71, 71-84.
7. Asimow, P. D., M. M. Hirschmann, and E. M. Stolper (1997), An analysis of variations in isentropic melt productivity, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 355, 255-281.
8. Balay, S., W. D. Gropp, L. Curfman McInnes, and B. F. Smith (1997), Efficient management of parallelism in object oriented numerical software libraries, in Modern Software Tools in Scientific Computing, edited by E. Arge, A. M. Bruaset, and H. P. Langtangen, pp. 163-202, Birkhauser, Boston, Mass.
9. Balay, S., K. Buschelman, V. Eijkhout, W. D. Gropp, D. Kaushik,M. G. Knepley, L. CurfmanMcInnes, B. F. Smith, and H. Zhang (2009), PETSc users manual, 3.0.0 revision, Tech. Rep. ANL-95/11, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne, Ill. [Available at http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-3.0.0/docs/manual.pdf.]
10. Ben Othman, D., and C. J. Allegre (1990), U-Th isotopic systematics at 13°n east Pacific Ridge segment, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 98(1), 129-137.
11. Bercovici, D., Y. Ricard, and G. Schubert (2001), A two-phase model for compaction and damage: 1. General theory, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8887-8906.
12. Chabaux, F., and C. J. Allègre (1994), 238U-230Th-226Ra disequilibria in volcanics: A new insight into melting conditions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 126, 61-74.
13. Chadam, J., D. Hoff, E. Merino, P. Ortoleva, and A. Sen (1986), Reactive infiltration instabilities, IMA J. Appl. Math., 36, 207-221.
14. Chen, C. H., and D. C. Presnall (1975), The system Mg2SiO4- SiO2 at pressures up to 25 kilobars, Am. Mineral., 60, 398-406.
15. Fowler, A. (1985), A mathematical model of magma transport in the asthenosphere. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 33, 63-96.
16. Gale, A., S. Escrig, E. J. Gier, C. H. Langmuir, and S. L. Goldstein (2011), Enriched basalts at segment centers: The Lucky Strike (37°17'N) and Menez Gwen (37°50'N) segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q06016, doi:10.1029/2010GC003446.
17. Grove, T. L., R. J. Kinzler, and W. B. Bryan (1992), Fractionation of mid-ocean ridge basalt, in Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 71, pp. 281-310, Washington, D. C.
18. Hart, S. (1993), Equilibration during mantle melting: A fractal tree model, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 90, 11,914-11,918. (Pubitemid 24008750)
19. Helffrich, G. (2002), Chemical and seismological constraints on mantle heterogeneity, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 360, 2493-2505.
20. Hesse, M. A., A. R. Schiemenz, Y. Liang, and E. M. Parmentier (2011), Compaction-dissolution waves in an upwelling mantle column, Geophys. J. Int., 187, 1057-1075.
21. Hewitt, I. J. (2010), Modelling melting rates in upwelling mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 300, 264-274.
22. Hewitt, I. J., and A. C. Fowler (2009), Melt channelization in ascending mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B06210, doi:10.1029/2008JB006185.
23. Hirschmann, M. M., and E. M. Stolper (1996), A possible role for garnet pyroxenite in the origin of the "garnet signature" in MORB, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 124(2), 185-208.
24. Ito, G., and J. J. Mahoney (2005), Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle: 1. Method and importance to the geochemistry of ocean island and mid-ocean ridge basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 230, 29-46. (Pubitemid 40112449)
25. Iwamori, H. (1993), A model for disequilibrium mantle melting incorporating melt transport by porous and channel flows, Nature, 366(6457), 734-737.
26. Jackson, M., S. Hart, A. Saal, N. Shimizu, M. D. Jurz, J. S. Blusztajn, and A. C. Skovgaard (2008), Globally elevated titanium, tantalum, and niobium (TITAN) in ocean island basalts with high 3He/4He, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q04027, doi:10.1029/2007GC001876.
27. Johnson, K. T. M., H. J. B. Dick, and N. Shimizu (1990), Melting in the oceanic upper mantle: An ion microprobe study of diopsides in abyssal peridotites, J. Geophys. Res., 95(B3), 2261-2678.
28. Jull, M., P. Kelemen, and K. Sims (2002), Consequences of diffuse and channelled porous melt migration on uranium series disequilibria, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66(23), 4133-4148. (Pubitemid 35358541)
29. Katz, R. F. (2008), Magma dynamics with the Enthalpy Method: Benchmark solutions and magmatic focusing at mid-ocean ridges, J. Petrol., 49, 2099-2121.
30. Katz, R. F. (2010), Porosity-driven convection and asymmetry beneath mid-ocean ridges, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11, Q0AC07, doi:10.1029/ 2010GC003282.
31. Katz, R. F., and J. F. Rudge (2011), The energetics of melting fertile heterogeneities within the depleted mantle, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q0AC16, doi:10.1029/2011GC003834.
32. Katz, R. F., and S. M. Weatherley (2012), Consequences of mantle heterogeneity for melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., in press.
33. Katz, R., and M. Worster (2008), Simulations of directional solidification, thermochemical convection, and chimney formation in a Hele-Shaw cell, J. Comput. Phys., 227, 9823-9840.
34. Katz, R. F., M. G. Knepley, B. Smith, M. Spiegelman, and E. T. Coon (2007), Numerical simulation of geodynamics processes with the Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 163, 52-68. (Pubitemid 47250424)
35. Kelemen, P., J. A. Whitehead, E. Aharonov, and K. A. Joordahl (1995), Experiments on flow focusing in soluble porous media, with applications to melt extraction from the mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 475-496.
36. Kelemen, P. B., G. Hirth, N. Shimizu, M. Spiegelman, and H. J. B. Dick (1997), A review of melt migration processes in the adiabatically upwelling mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 355(1723), 283-318.
37. Kelemen, P. B., M. Braun, and G. Hirth (2000), Spatial distribution of melt conduits in the mantle beneath spreading ridges: Observations from the Ingalls and Oman ophiolites, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 1(7), 1005, doi:10.1029/1999GC000012.
38. Klein, E. M., and C. H. Langmuir (1987), Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 92(B8), 8089-8115.
39. Kojitani, H., and M. Akaogi (1997), Melting enthalpies of mantle peridotite: Calorimetric determinations in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and application to magma generation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 153, 209-222.
40. Kokfelt, T. F., K. Hoernle, F. Hauff, J. Fiebig, R. Werner, and D. Garbe-Schoenberg (2006), Combined trace element and Pb-Nd-Sr-O isotope evidence for recycled oceanic crust (upper and lower) in the Iceland mantle plume, J. Petrol., 47 (9), 1705-1749. (Pubitemid 44288353)
41. Langmuir, C. H., and J. F. Bender (1984), The geochemistry of basalts in the vicinity of transform faults- Observations and implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 69(1), 107-127.
42. Langmuir, C. H., J. F. Bender, A. E. Bence, G. N. Hanson, and S. R. Taylor (1977), Petrogenesis of basalts from the Famous Area-Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 36(1), 133-156.
43. Langmuir, C. H., E. M. Klein, and T. Plank (1992), Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts: Constraints on melt greneration beneath ocean ridges, in Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 71, pp. 183-280, Washington D. C.
44. Lassiter, J. C., and E. H. Hauri (1998), Osmium-isotope variations in Hawaiian lavas: Evidence for recycled oceanic lithosphere in the Hawaiian plume, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 164, 483-496. (Pubitemid 29434915)
45. Liang, Y., and Y. Guo (2003), Reactive dissolution instability driven by chemical diffusion with applications to harzburgite reactive dissolution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(13), 1722, doi:10.1029/2003GL017687.
46. Liang, Y., A. Schiemenz, M. A. Hesse, E. M. Parmentier, and J. A. Hesthaven (2010), High-porosity channels for melt migration in the mantle: Top is the dunite and bottom is the harzburgite and lherzolite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L15306, doi:10.1029/2006GL026616.
47. Liang, Y., A. Schiemenz, M. A. Hesse, and E. M. Parmentier (2011), Waves, channels, and the preservation of chemical heterogeneities during melt migration in the mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L20308, doi:10.1029/ 2011GL049034.
48. Maclennan, J., D. McKenzie, K. Grönvold, N. Shimizu, J. M. Eiler, and N. Kitchen (2003), Melt mixing and crystallization under Theistareykir, northeast Iceland, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(11), 8624, doi:10.1029/ 2003GC000558.
49. McKenzie, D. (1984), The generation and compaction of partially molten rock, J. Petrol., 25(3), 713-765.
50. McKenzie, D., and R. K. O'Nions (1991), Partial melt distributions from inversion of rare earth element concentrations, J. Petrol., 32(5), 1020-1091.
51. Nicolas, A. (1986), A melt extraction model based on structural studies in mantle peridoities, J. Petrol., 27, 999-1022.
52. Nicolas, A. (1989), Structures of Ophiolites and Dynamics of the Oceanic Lithosphere, Kluwer Acad., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
53. O'Hara, M. J. (1965), Primary magmas and the origin of basalts, Scott. J. Geol., 1, 19-40.
54. Ortoleva, P., J. Chadam, E. Merino, and A. Sen (1987), Geochemical self-organisationII: The reactive-infiltration instability, Am. J. Sci., 287, 1008-1040.
55. Pertermann, M., and M. M. Hirschmann (2003), Partial melting experiments on a MORB-like pyroxenite between 2 and 3 GPa: Constraints on the presence of pyroxentite in basalt source regions from solidus location and melting rate, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2125, doi:10.1029/2000JB000118.
56. Phipps Morgan, J., and J. W. Morgan (1999), Two-stage melting and the geochemical evolution of the mantle: A recipe for mantle plum-pudding, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 170, 215-239. (Pubitemid 29494348)
57. Prinzhofer, A., E. Lewin, and C. J. Allègre (1989), Stochastic melting of the marble cake mantle: Evidence from local study of the East Pacific Rise at 12 50'N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 92, 189-206.
58. Prytulak, J., and T. Elliott (2007), Tio2 enrichment in ocean island basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 263, 388-403. (Pubitemid 350011822)
59. Renna, M. R., and R. Tribuzio (2011), Olivine-rich Troctolites from Ligurian ophiolites (Italy): Evidence for impregnation of replacive mantle conduits by MORB-type melts, J. Petrol., 52, 1763-1790.
60. Ribe, N. (1985), The deformation and compaction of partial molten zones, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 83, 497-501.
61. Richter, F. M., and S. F. Daly (1989), Dynamical and chemical effects of melting a heterogeneous source, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12,499-12,510.
62. Roe, P. L. (1985), Some contributions to the modelling of discontinuous flows, in Large-Scale Computations in Fluid Mechanics, edited by R. L. Lee et al., pp. 163-193, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, R. I.
63. Salters, V., and H. J. B. Dick (2002), Mineralogy of the midocean- ridge basalt source from neodymium isotopic composition of abyssal peridotites, Nature, 418, 68-72. (Pubitemid 34742571)
64. Schiemenz, A., L. Liang, and E. M. Parmentier (2011), A highorder numerical study of reactive dissolution in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle-I. Channelization, channel lithology and channel geometry, Geophys. J. Int., 186(2), 641-664.
65. Scott, D. R., and D. J. Stevenson (1986), Magma ascent by porous flow, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9283-9296.
66. Seyler, M., D. Brunelli, M. J. Toplis, and C. Mével (2011), Multiscale chemical heterogeneities beneath the eastern Southwest Indian Ridge (52°E-68°E): Trace element compositions of along-axis dredged peridotites, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q0AC15, doi:10.1029/2011GC003585.
67. Shorttle, O., and J. Maclennan (2011), Compositional trends of Icelandic basalts: Implications for short-length scale lithological heterogeneity in mantle plumes, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q11008, doi:10.1029/2011GC003748.
68. Simpson, G., M. Spiegelman, and M. I. Weinstein (2010), A multiscale model of partial melts: 1. Effective equations, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B04410, doi:10.1029/2009JB006375.
69. Spiegelman, M. (1993), Flow in deformable porous media 1. Simple analysis, J. Fluid Mech., 247, 17-38.
70. Spiegleman, M., and P. B. Kelemen (2003), Extreme chemical variability as a consequence of channelized melt transport, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(7), 1055, doi:10.1029/2002GC000336.
71. Spiegelman, M., and P. Kenyon (1992), The requirements for chemical disequilibrium during magma migration, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 109(3-4), 611-620.
72. Spiegelman, M., P. Kelemen, and E. Aharonov (2001), Causes and consequences of flow organization during melt transport: The Reaction Infiltration Instability in compactible media, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2061-2077.
73. Šrámek, O., Y. Ricard, and F. Dubuffet (2010) A multiphase model of core formation, Geophys. J. Int., 181, 198-220
74. Stolper, E. M. (1980), A phase diagram for mid-ocean ridge basalts: Preliminary results and implications for petrogenesis, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 74, 13-27.
75. Stracke, A., and B. Bourdon (2009), The importance of melt extraction for tracing mantle heterogeneity, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 218-238.
76. Stracke, A., A. Zindler, V. J. M. Salters, D. Mckenzie, J. Blichert-Toft, F. Albarède, and K. Grönvold (2003), Theistareykir revisited, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(2), 8507, doi:10.1029/2001GC000201.
77. Stracke, A., A. W. Hofmann, and S. R. Hart (2005), FOZO, HIMU, and the rest of the mantle zoo, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q05007, doi:10.1029/2004GC000824.
78. Stracke, A., B. Bourdon, and D. McKenzie (2006), Melt extraction in the Earth's mantle: Constraints from U-Th-Pa- Ra studies in oceanic basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 244, 97-112.
79. Tilton, G. R., C. A. Hopson, and J. E. Wright (1981), Uraniumlead isotopic ages of the Samail ophiolite, Oman, with applications to Tethyan ocean ridge tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9261-9276.
80. Turner, S., and B. Bourdon (2011), Melt transport from the mantle to the crust-Uranium-series isotopes, in Timescales of Magmatic Processes: From Core to Atmosphere, edited by A. Dosseto, S. Turner, and J. A. Van Orman, pp. 102-115, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, U. K.
81. Walter, M. J. (1998), Melting of garnet peridotite and the origin of komatiite and depleted lithosphere, J. Petrol., 39, 29-60.
82. Wood, D. (1979), A variably veined suboceanic upper mantle- Genetic significance for mid-ocean ridge basalts from geochemical evidence, Geology, 7, 499-503.
83. Yaxley, G.M., and D. H. Green (1998), Reactions between eclogite and peridotite: Mantle refertilisation by subduction of oceanic crust, Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 78, 243-255. (Pubitemid 28510418)
84. Zindler, A., S. Hart, F. Frey, and S. P. Jakobsson (1979), Nd and Sr isotope ratios and rare earth element abundances in Reykjanes Peninsula basalts evidence for mantle heterogeneity beneath Iceland, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 45, 249-262.