메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue , 2012, Pages 25-35

An investigation into recent proposals for a revised definition of zero carbon homes in the UK

Author keywords

Fabric Energy Efficiency Standards (FEES); Passivhaus standard; UK zero carbon

Indexed keywords

CARBON SAVING; ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS; ENERGY-PERFORMANCE STANDARDS; RAPID TRANSITIONS; WORLD ENERGIES; ZERO CARBONS;

EID: 84861222905     PISSN: 03014215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.066     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 84861224054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AECB. Comparing energy use and CO2 emissions from natural ventilation and MVHR in a Passivhaus house. A CarbonLite Information Paper, 2009. Available at:
    • AECB. 2009. Comparing energy use and CO2 emissions from natural ventilation and MVHR in a Passivhaus house. A CarbonLite Information Paper, 2009. Available at: http://www.carbonlite.org.
    • (2009)
  • 2
    • 84861221657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BERR, Renewables Advisory Board Annual Report. Available at:
    • BERR, Renewables Advisory Board Annual Report 2007. Available at: http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file48125.pdf.
    • (2007)
  • 3
    • 84861222073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BLP. Building Life Plans Construction Durability Database (available) (accessed April 07).
    • BLP. Building Life Plans Construction Durability Database (available) (accessed April 07). http://www.componentlife.com/.
  • 4
    • 57549116596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home Truths: A Low Carbon Strategy to reduce UK Housing emissions by 80% by 2050
    • Environmental Change Institute Report 34, University of Oxford, 2007.
    • Boardman, B., 2007. Home Truths: A Low Carbon Strategy to reduce UK Housing emissions by 80% by 2050. Environmental Change Institute Report 34, University of Oxford, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Boardman, B.1
  • 7
    • 34249705235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living within a carbon budget
    • Tyndall Centre, Manchester 2006. Available at: (accessed June 07) d.
    • Bows, A. Mander, S., Starkey, R., Bleda, M., & Anderson, K., 2006. Living within a carbon budget. Tyndall Centre, Manchester 2006. Available at: (accessed June 07) (p9).d. http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/reports/living_carbon_budget.pd.
    • (2006) , pp. 9
    • Bows, A.1    Mander, S.2    Starkey, R.3    Bleda, M.4    Anderson, K.5
  • 8
    • 84861223652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Passivhaus Schools Conference
    • 2009. Available at: (Accessed October 22, 2010).
    • Bretzke, A., 2009. UK Passivhaus Schools Conference. 2009. Available at: (Accessed October 22, 2010). http://aecb.net/phschools2009.php.
    • (2009)
    • Bretzke, A.1
  • 9
    • 84861222513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necessary Air Change Rate in a Danish Passive House
    • 12th International Conference on Passive Houses 2008 (April 12, 2008)
    • Brunsgaard, C., & Jensen, R., 2008. Necessary Air Change Rate in a Danish Passive House. 12th International Conference on Passive Houses 2008 (April 12, 2008): 369-374.
    • (2008) , pp. 369-374
    • Brunsgaard, C.1    Jensen, R.2
  • 10
    • 77649341108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerous Distraction. Why offsetting is failing the climate and the people: The evidence. 2009
    • Friends of the Earth, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Available at:
    • Bullock, S., Childs, M., Picken, T.A., 2009. Dangerous Distraction. Why offsetting is failing the climate and the people: The evidence. 2009. Friends of the Earth, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Available at: http://www.foe.co.uk/.
    • (2009)
    • Bullock, S.1    Childs, M.2    Picken, T.A.3
  • 11
    • 84861223653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Camden Passivhaus. Primary Energy 98kWh/m2.yr (source): (accessed June 2010).
    • Camden Passivhaus, 2010. Primary Energy 98kWh/m2.yr (source): (accessed June 2010). http://blog.emap.com/footprint/2010/07/27/passivhaus-at-the-building-centre/.
    • (2010)
  • 12
    • 84861223649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon Trust. Global Carbon mechanisms: emerging lessons and implications.2008 Available at:
    • Carbon Trust, 2008. Global Carbon mechanisms: emerging lessons and implications.2008 Available at: http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/Publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=CTC748&respos=2&q=global+carbon+market&o=Rank&od=asc&pn=0&ps=10.
    • (2008)
  • 13
    • 84861223650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projecting energy use and CO2 emissions from low energy buildings- a comparison of the Passivhaus Planning Package (PHPP) and SAP
    • AECB CarbonLite, Available at:
    • Clarke, A., 2008. Projecting energy use and CO2 emissions from low energy buildings- a comparison of the Passivhaus Planning Package (PHPP) and SAP. AECB CarbonLite, Available at: http://www.aecb.net/PDFs/Combined_PHPP_SAP_FINAL.pdf.
    • (2008)
    • Clarke, A.1
  • 14
    • 84861223651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Change Act, Available at:
    • Climate Change Act 2008, Available at: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2008/ukpga_20080027_en_1.
    • (2008)
  • 15
    • 84861223803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Climate Change. Fourth Carbon Budget. Available at: [Accessed January 5, 2012].
    • Committee on Climate Change, 2010. Fourth Carbon Budget. Available at: [Accessed January 5, 2012]. http://www.theccc.org.uk/reports/fourth-carbon-budge.
    • (2010)
  • 17
    • 84861222139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCLG. Building A Greener Future: Towards Zero Carbon Development. Communities and Local Government Publications. December 2006. Available at:
    • DCLG, 2006a. Building A Greener Future: Towards Zero Carbon Development. Communities and Local Government Publications. December 2006. Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk.
    • (2006)
  • 18
    • 84861223646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCLG, 2006b. Code for Sustainable Homes: A step change in Sustainable Home Building practise. Dec Available at:
    • DCLG, 2006b. Code for Sustainable Homes: A step change in Sustainable Home Building practise. Dec 2006, p6. Available at: http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/code_for_sust_homes.pdf.
    • (2006) , pp. 6
  • 19
    • 84861221662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCLG. Building a Greener Future: policy statement. 2007 Available at:
    • DCLG, 2007a. Building a Greener Future: policy statement. 2007 Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/.
    • (2007)
  • 20
    • 84861223647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCLG. Code for Sustainable Homes: Technical guide- October 2007. Available at:
    • DCLG, 2007b. Code for Sustainable Homes: Technical guide- October 2007. Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/.
    • (2007)
  • 21
    • 84861223648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCLG. Homes for the future: more affordable, more sustainable. Available at: (Accessed January 4, 2011).
    • DCLG, 2007c. Homes for the future: more affordable, more sustainable. Available at: (Accessed January 4, 2011). http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/439986.pdf.
    • (2007)
  • 22
    • 84861222140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCLG. Definition of Zero Carbon Homes and Non-domestic Buildings - Consultation.2008 Available at:
    • DCLG, 2008. Definition of Zero Carbon Homes and Non-domestic Buildings - Consultation.2008 Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk.
    • (2008)
  • 23
    • 84861222136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DECC. 2050 Pathways Analysis. Available at: (Accessed January 15, 2011).
    • DECC, 2010a. 2050 Pathways Analysis. Available at: (Accessed January 15, 2011). http://www.decc.gov.uk.
    • (2010)
  • 24
    • 84861222137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DECC. Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2010. Available at:
    • DECC, 2010b. Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2010. Available at: http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/publications.aspx.
    • (2010)
  • 25
    • 84861223644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DECC. Energy Consumption by Final User, 1970 to 2009 (DUKES 1.1.5). 2010. Available at:
    • DECC, 2010c. Energy Consumption by Final User, 1970 to 2009 (DUKES 1.1.5). 2010. Available at: http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/dukes/dukes.aspx.
    • (2010)
  • 26
    • 84861223645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DEFRA. Climate Change Bill Summary. 2007. Available at: (accessed June 07)
    • DEFRA, 2007. Climate Change Bill Summary. 2007. Available at: (accessed June 07) p2. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/uk/legislation/pdf/CCBill-summary.pdf.
    • (2007) , pp. 2
  • 27
    • 84861221661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DTI. Meeting the Energy Challenge: A White Paper on Energy. Available at: (Accessed January 14, 2011).
    • DTI, 2007. Meeting the Energy Challenge: A White Paper on Energy. Available at: (Accessed January 14, 2011). http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file39579.pdf.
    • (2007)
  • 28
    • 84861222138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Cities. Available at: [Accessed January, 2012].
    • Energy Cities, 2012a. Available at: [Accessed January, 2012]. http://www.energy-cities.eu/.
    • (2012)
  • 29
    • 84861222078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy cities EU. Kronsberg, Germany. Available at:
    • Energy cities EU, 2012b. Kronsberg, Germany. Available at: http://energy-cities.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Kronsberg.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 30
    • 84861222135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy cities EU. Vauban/ France. Available at:
    • Energy cities EU, 2012c. Vauban/ France. Available at: http://energy-cities.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Vauban.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 31
    • 84861221660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy cities EU. Stockholm, Sweden. Available at:
    • Energy cities EU, 2012d. Stockholm, Sweden. Available at: http://energy-cities.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Hammarby.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 32
    • 84861223643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission. Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential. (2007/2106(INI)). P6_TA(2008)0033. Available at:
    • European Commission 2008. Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential. (2007/2106(INI)). P6_TA(2008)0033. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/.
    • (2008)
  • 33
    • 84861223640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission. Low Energy Buildings in Europe: current state of play, definitions and best practice. 2009. Available at:
    • European Commission, 2009. Low Energy Buildings in Europe: current state of play, definitions and best practice. 2009. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/doc/buildings/info_note.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 34
    • 84861222134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission. Recast Energy Performance in Buildings Directive. (May 2010) Available at
    • European Commission, 2010. Recast Energy Performance in Buildings Directive. (May 2010) Available at http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/doc/buildings/info_note.pdf.
    • (2010)
  • 35
    • 84861221659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEPHEUS Project Information No.36: Final technical report. PassivHaus Institute, 2001. Stadtwerke Hannover AG, July 2001.
    • Feist W., Peper S., Gorg M., 2001. CEPHEUS Project Information No.36: Final technical report. PassivHaus Institute, 2001. Stadtwerke Hannover AG, July 2001.
    • (2001)
    • Feist, W.1    Peper, S.2    Gorg, M.3
  • 36
    • 77956885233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive House Planning Package 2007: Requirements for Quality Approved Passive Houses
    • Technical Information PHI-2007/1 (E), 2nd edition May 2010. Passivhaus Institute, Darmstadt.
    • Feist, W., Pfluger, R., Kaufman, B., Schnieders, J., Kah, O., 2010. Passive House Planning Package 2007: Requirements for Quality Approved Passive Houses. Technical Information PHI-2007/1 (E), 2nd edition May 2010. Passivhaus Institute, Darmstadt.
    • (2010)
    • Feist, W.1    Pfluger, R.2    Kaufman, B.3    Schnieders, J.4    Kah, O.5
  • 37
    • 77956885233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive House Planning Package 2007: Specifications for Quality Approved Passive Houses
    • Technical Information PHI-2007/1 (E). Passivhaus Institute, Darmstadt.
    • Feist W., 2007 Passive House Planning Package 2007: Specifications for Quality Approved Passive Houses. Technical Information PHI-2007/1 (E). Passivhaus Institute, Darmstadt.
    • (2007)
    • Feist, W.1
  • 38
    • 24944539851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-inventing air heating: Convenient and comfortable within the frame of the Passive House concept
    • 2005. Energy and Buildings 37
    • Feist W. Schnieders J. Dorer, V., & Haas A.2005. Re-inventing air heating: Convenient and comfortable within the frame of the Passive House concept. 2005. Energy and Buildings 37.
    • (2005)
    • Feist, W.1    Schnieders, J.2    Dorer, V.3    Haas, A.4
  • 40
    • 77956090619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon sink plantations in the Ecuadorian Andes - Impacts of the Dutch FACE-PROFAFOR monoculture tree plantations' project on indigenous and peasant communities
    • Available at:
    • Granda, P., 2005. Carbon sink plantations in the Ecuadorian Andes - Impacts of the Dutch FACE-PROFAFOR monoculture tree plantations' project on indigenous and peasant communities, p.59, Available at: http://www.wrm.org.uy/countries/Ecuador/face.pdf.
    • (2005) , pp. 59
    • Granda, P.1
  • 41
    • 0028605536 scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of reduction of house-dust mite exposure in specially designed mechanically ventilated "healthy" homes
    • Harving H., Korsgaard J., Dahl R. Clinical efficacy of reduction of house-dust mite exposure in specially designed mechanically ventilated "healthy" homes. Allergy 1994, 49(10):866-870.
    • (1994) Allergy , vol.49 , Issue.10 , pp. 866-870
    • Harving, H.1    Korsgaard, J.2    Dahl, R.3
  • 42
    • 77957666132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring emissions against an alternative future: Fundamental flaws in the structure of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism
    • 2009. Energy and Resources Group Working Paper Series, University of California, Berkeley. Available at:
    • Haya, B., 2009. Measuring emissions against an alternative future: Fundamental flaws in the structure of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism. 2009. Energy and Resources Group Working Paper Series, University of California, Berkeley. Available at: http://bhaya.berkeley.edu/.
    • (2009)
    • Haya, B.1
  • 44
    • 84861222076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of Auxiliary energy use and the internal heat gains assumptions in SAP 2009. BRE, March 2009
    • Henderson, J., 2009. Review of Auxiliary energy use and the internal heat gains assumptions in SAP 2009. BRE, March 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Henderson, J.1
  • 45
    • 5444244747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Century of Change: Changes in UK statistics since 1900
    • Research Paper 99/111. 1999, House of Commons Library. Available at: (accessed Nov 06)
    • Hick, J., Allen, G., 2006. A Century of Change: Changes in UK statistics since 1900. Research Paper 99/111. 1999, House of Commons Library. Available at: (accessed Nov 06) p14. http://www.parliament.uk.
    • (2006) , pp. 14
    • Hick, J.1    Allen, G.2
  • 46
    • 84861222133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HM Government. Definition of Zero Carbon Homes and Non-Domestic Buildings: Consultation. 2008. Available at:
    • HM Government, 2008. Definition of Zero Carbon Homes and Non-Domestic Buildings: Consultation. 2008. Available at: http://www.zerocarbonhub.org/resourcefiles/1101177.pdf.
    • (2008)
  • 49
    • 84861221656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passivhaus Treated Floor Area for Dwellings
    • Available at:
    • Hopfe, C.J., McLeod, R., 2010. Passivhaus Treated Floor Area for Dwellings. Available at: http://www.aecb.net/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=2652.0;attach=502.
    • (2010)
    • Hopfe, C.J.1    McLeod, R.2
  • 51
    • 84861221658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • iPHA, International Passive House Association. Available at: (Accessed 15 Jan)
    • iPHA, International Passive House Association. Available at: (Accessed 15 Jan 2012). http://www.passivehouse-international.org/index.php?
    • (2012)
  • 52
    • 79954611788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trading carbon: How it works and why it is controversial 2010
    • FERN, UK. Available at:
    • Kill, J., Ozinga, S., Pavett, S., Wainwright, R., 2010. Trading carbon: How it works and why it is controversial. 2010. FERN, UK. Available at: http://www.fern.org/sites/fern.org/files/tradingcarbon_internet_FINAL.pdf.
    • (2010)
    • Kill, J.1    Ozinga, S.2    Pavett, S.3    Wainwright, R.4
  • 53
    • 84872661237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of energy performance and indoor environmental quality in 10 Danish passive houses
    • Healthy Buildings 2009, 9th International Conference and Exhibition. Syracuse, USA. Available at
    • Larsen, T., Jensen, R., 2009. Measurements of energy performance and indoor environmental quality in 10 Danish passive houses. Healthy Buildings 2009, 9th International Conference and Exhibition. Syracuse, USA. Available at http://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/measurements-of-energy-performance-and-indoor-environmental-quality-in-10-danish-passive-houses.
    • (2009)
    • Larsen, T.1    Jensen, R.2
  • 55
    • 85012474901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive solar energy and thermal mass: the implications of environmental analysis
    • Marsh R., Lauring M., Petersen E.H. Passive solar energy and thermal mass: the implications of environmental analysis. In arq 2001, 5(1):81.
    • (2001) In arq , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 81
    • Marsh, R.1    Lauring, M.2    Petersen, E.H.3
  • 56
    • 84861224053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Field investigation of Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in Low Energy Homes in England
    • MSc thesis, University of East London (July 2006)
    • Mawditt, I., 2006. A Field investigation of Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in Low Energy Homes in England. MSc thesis, University of East London (July 2006).
    • (2006)
    • Mawditt, I.1
  • 57
    • 84861222072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passivhaus Local House. MSc thesis, 2007 University of East London
    • McLeod, R., 2007. Passivhaus Local House. MSc thesis, 2007 University of East London.
    • (2007)
    • McLeod, R.1
  • 58
    • 84870611361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passivhaus and PHPP - Do continental design criteria work in a Welsh climatic context?
    • 3rd BauSIM Conference, 22.-24. September 2010, Vienna, Austria
    • McLeod, R.S., Hopfe, C.J., Rezgui, Y., 2010. Passivhaus and PHPP - Do continental design criteria work in a Welsh climatic context? 3rd BauSIM Conference, 22.-24. September 2010, Vienna, Austria.
    • (2010)
    • McLeod, R.S.1    Hopfe, C.J.2    Rezgui, Y.3
  • 59
    • 0003852547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contraction and Convergence: The Global Solution to Climate Change
    • Green Books Ltd, Dartington.
    • Meyer, A. 2000. Contraction and Convergence: The Global Solution to Climate Change. Green Books Ltd, Dartington.
    • (2000)
    • Meyer, A.1
  • 60
    • 78049476524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An embodied carbon and energy analysis of modern methods of construction in housing: A case study using a lifecycle assessment framework
    • Available at:
    • Monahan J., Powell J.C. An embodied carbon and energy analysis of modern methods of construction in housing: A case study using a lifecycle assessment framework. Energy and Buildings 2009, 43(2011):179-188. Available at: 〈www.elsevier.com/locate/enbuild〉.
    • (2009) Energy and Buildings , vol.43 , Issue.2011 , pp. 179-188
    • Monahan, J.1    Powell, J.C.2
  • 61
    • 78649673515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additionality in the Clean Development Mechanism: Why and What? March 2009
    • Available at:
    • Müller, B., 2009. Additionality in the Clean Development Mechanism: Why and What? March 2009. Available at: http://www.oxfordenergy.org/muller.php.
    • (2009)
    • Müller, B.1
  • 62
    • 84861222130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Energy Services. Assessing the impact of the proposed building regulation revisions for new dwellings: Part L1A. Available at:
    • National Energy Services, 2005. Assessing the impact of the proposed building regulation revisions for new dwellings: Part L1A. Available at: http://www.nesltd.co.uk/.
    • (2005)
  • 63
    • 0028728640 scopus 로고
    • Two-to-one discrepancy between measured and predicted performance in a 'low energy' office buiding: insights from a reconciliation based on the DOE-2 model
    • Norford L., Socolow R., Hsieh E., Spadaro G. Two-to-one discrepancy between measured and predicted performance in a 'low energy' office buiding: insights from a reconciliation based on the DOE-2 model. Energy and Buildings 1994, 21:121-131.
    • (1994) Energy and Buildings , vol.21 , pp. 121-131
    • Norford, L.1    Socolow, R.2    Hsieh, E.3    Spadaro, G.4
  • 64
    • 84861222129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aguiló-Rullán, A.Pester, S., 2007.FB 17 - Micro wind turbines in urban environments: an assessment. IHS BRE Press, Watford. Available at:
    • Phillips, R., Blackmore, P., Anderson, J., Clift, M., Aguiló-Rullán, A.Pester, S., 2007.FB 17 - Micro wind turbines in urban environments: an assessment. IHS BRE Press, Watford. Available at: http://www.brepress.com.
    • Phillips, R.1    Blackmore, P.2    Anderson, J.3    Clift, M.4
  • 65
    • 84861222892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence: the state of the climate
    • Available at:
    • Pope, V., Kendon, L., Lowe, J., Carroll, F., Tempest, S., 2010. Evidence: the state of the climate. Available at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/media/pdf/m/6/evidence.pdf.
    • (2010)
    • Pope, V.1    Kendon, L.2    Lowe, J.3    Carroll, F.4    Tempest, S.5
  • 66
    • 84861225748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimizing CO2 Emissions from New Homes: A review of how we predict and measure energy use in new homes 2nd Edition
    • 2006, Available at: (accessed 10 Sept 06)
    • Reason, L., Olivier, D., 2006. Minimizing CO2 Emissions from New Homes: A review of how we predict and measure energy use in new homes 2nd Edition. 2006, Available at: (accessed 10 Sept 06). http://www.aecb.org.
    • (2006)
    • Reason, L.1    Olivier, D.2
  • 67
    • 57349163378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the CDM fulfilling its environmental and sustainable development objectives?
    • An evaluation of the CDM and options for improvement 2007 Available at:
    • Schneider, L., 2007. Is the CDM fulfilling its environmental and sustainable development objectives? An evaluation of the CDM and options for improvement 2007 Available at: http://www.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/climate_carbon_energy/energy_solutions/resources/?118000/An-evaluation-of-the-CDM-and-options-for-improvement.
    • (2007)
    • Schneider, L.1
  • 68
    • 24644458159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEPHEUS results: measurements and occupants' satisfaction provide evidence for Passive Houses being an option for sustainable building
    • Schnieders J., Hermelink A. CEPHEUS results: measurements and occupants' satisfaction provide evidence for Passive Houses being an option for sustainable building. Energy Policy 2006, 34(2):151-171.
    • (2006) Energy Policy , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-171
    • Schnieders, J.1    Hermelink, A.2
  • 69
    • 84861224049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scottish Building Standards Agency. A Low Carbon Building Standards Strategy for Scotland (The Sullivan Report). Available at:
    • Scottish Building Standards Agency, 2007. A Low Carbon Building Standards Strategy for Scotland (The Sullivan Report). Available at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Building/Building-standards/publications/sullivan.
    • (2007)
  • 71
    • 12444318675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic Energy Fact File 2003
    • BRE Housing Centre, Watford. Available at: (accessed Nov 06)
    • Shorrock, L. and Utley, J., 2003. Domestic Energy Fact File 2003. BRE Housing Centre, Watford. Available at: (accessed Nov 06). http://./www.BREBookshop.com.
    • (2003)
    • Shorrock, L.1    Utley, J.2
  • 73
    • 84861224050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal conversation 15 Nov 2010.
    • Swainson, M., 2010. Personal conversation 15 Nov 2010.
    • (2010)
    • Swainson, M.1
  • 74
    • 84861222889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union
    • Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings. Official Journal of the European Union, 53(L 153). Available at: (Accessed October 26, 2010).
    • The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, 2010. Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings. Official Journal of the European Union, 53(L 153). Available at: (Accessed October 26, 2010). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:153:SOM:EN:HTML.
    • (2010)
  • 75
    • 84861222070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.K. Green Building Council. Zero Carbon Task Group Report: The Definition of Zero Carbon. 2008 Available at: (Accessed December 23, 2010).
    • U.K. Green Building Council, 2010. Zero Carbon Task Group Report: The Definition of Zero Carbon. 2008 Available at: (Accessed December 23, 2010). http://www.ukgbc.org/site/taskgroups/info?id=4.
    • (2010)
  • 76
    • 84861224047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energieeffizienter Stadtebau mit Passivhausern- Herleitung belatbarer Klimaschutzstandards im Wohnungsbau
    • PhD thesis Technical University of Munich, 2009.
    • Vallentin, R., 2009. Energieeffizienter Stadtebau mit Passivhausern- Herleitung belatbarer Klimaschutzstandards im Wohnungsbau. PhD thesis Technical University of Munich, 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Vallentin, R.1
  • 78
    • 79960704301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Process Revealed/ Auf Dem Holzweg
    • 1455 Fine Art Printers, Belgium. ISBN 978-0-9558620-6-9, 2009
    • Waugh, A., Weiss, K.H., Wells, M., 2009. A Process Revealed/ Auf Dem Holzweg. 1455 Fine Art Printers, Belgium. ISBN 978-0-9558620-6-9, 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Waugh, A.1    Weiss, K.H.2    Wells, M.3
  • 79
    • 84861224966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown pledges to build zero carbon homes
    • Guardian Unlimited, Dec 6, 2006. Available at: (accessed June 07)
    • Weaver, W., 2007. Brown pledges to build zero carbon homes. Guardian Unlimited, Dec 6, 2006. Available at: money.guardian.co.uk/prebudgetreport/story/ (accessed June 07).
    • (2007)
    • Weaver, W.1
  • 80
    • 84861222132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH). Defining Zero Carbon Homes: 'Have Your Say' Report 2009, Available at: (Accessed August 4, 2010).
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH), 2009a. Defining Zero Carbon Homes: 'Have Your Say' Report 2009, Available at: (Accessed August 4, 2010). http://www.zerocarbonhub.org/resourcefiles/ZCH-HaveYourSay.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 81
    • 84861222069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH). Zero Carbon Hub Task Group: Defining a Fabric Energy Efficiency Standard for Zero Carbon Homes: Task Group Recommendations November 2009. Available at: (Accessed August 20, 2010).
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH), 2009b. Zero Carbon Hub Task Group: Defining a Fabric Energy Efficiency Standard for Zero Carbon Homes: Task Group Recommendations November 2009. Available at: (Accessed August 20, 2010). http://www.zerocarbonhub.org/resourcefiles/ZCH-Defining-A-Fabric-Energy-Efficiency-Standard-Task-Group-Recommendations.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 82
    • 84861224048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH) Zero Carbon Hub Task Group: Defining a Fabric Energy Efficiency Standard for Zero Carbon Homes: executive summary. 2009. Available at:
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH), 2009c. Zero Carbon Hub Task Group: Defining a Fabric Energy Efficiency Standard for Zero Carbon Homes: executive summary. 2009. Available at: http://www.zerocarbonhub.org/resourcefiles/FEES_ExecSummary_15_3_10.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 83
    • 84861221654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH). National or Regional Weather Implications for Carbon Compliance. April, 2011. Available at:
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH), 2011. National or Regional Weather Implications for Carbon Compliance. April, 2011. Available at: http://www.zerocarbonhub.org/definition.aspx?page=8.
    • (2011)
  • 84
    • 84861221655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH). Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery in New Homes. Interim report of the VIAQ task group. Available at: [Accessed February 20, 2012].
    • Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH) 2012. Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery in New Homes. Interim report of the VIAQ task group. Available at: [Accessed February 20, 2012]. http://www.nhbcfoundation.org/NewsMediaCentre/VIAQtaskgroupinterimreport/tabid/501/Default.aspx.
    • (2012)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.