Yield and weed suppression of crop mixtures in organic and conventional systems of the western Canadian prairie

Agronomy Journal

Volumn 104, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 756-762

  Nelson, A G ^a   Pswarayi, A ^a   Quideau, S ^a   Frick, B ^b   Spaner, D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRASSICA NAPUS; BRASSICA NAPUS VAR. NAPUS; HORDEUM; HORDEUM VULGARE SUBSP. VULGARE; PISUM SATIVUM; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 84861204724     PISSN: 00021962     EISSN: 14350645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/agronj2011.0374     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Aspinall, D., and F.L. Milthorpe. 1959. An analysis of competition between barley and white persicaria: I. Effects on growth. Ann. Appl. Biol. 47:156-172. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1959.tb02533.x
2. Bàrberi, P. 2002. Weed management in organic agriculture: Are we addressing the right issues? Weed Res. 42:177-193. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00277.x
3. Black, J.N. 1958. Competition between plants of different initial seed sizes in swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with particular reference to leaf area and light micro-climate. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 9:299-318. doi:10.1071/AR9580299
4. Bulson, H.A.J., R.W. Snaydon, and C.E. Stopes. 1997. Effects of plant density on intercropped wheat and field beans in an organic farming system. J. Agric. Sci. 128:59-71.
5. Christensen, S. 1995. Weed suppression ability of spring barley varieties. Weed Res. 35:241-247. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1995.tb01786.x
6. Cousens, R.D. 1996. Comparative growth of wheat, barley and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in monoculture and mixture. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 47:449-464. doi:10.1071/AR9960449
7. Degenhardt, R., R. Martin, and D. Spaner. 2005. Organic farming in central Alberta: Current trends, production constraints and research needs. J. Sustain. Agric. 27(2):153-173. doi:10.1300/J064v27n02_10
8. Entz, M.H., R. Guilford, and R. Gulden. 2001. Crop yield and soil nutrient status on 14 organic farms in the eastern portion of the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81:351-354. doi:10.4141/P00-089
9. Godel, G.L. 1935. Relation between rate of seeding and yield of cereal crops in competition with weeds. Sci. Agric. 16:165-168.
10. Harker, K.N. 2001. Survey of yield losses due to weeds in central Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81:339-342. doi:10.4141/P00-102
11. Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., M.K. Andersen, B. Jørnsgaard, and E.S. Jensen. 2006. Density and relative frequency effects on competitive interactions and resource use in pea-barley intercrops. Field Crops Res. 95:256-267. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2005.03.003
12. Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., B. Jørnsgaard, J. Kinane, and E.S. Jensen. 2008. Grain legume-cereal intercropping: The practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems. Renewable Agric. Food Syst. 23:3-12. doi:10.1017/S1742170507002025
13. Holmes, M., and A. Macey. 2009. Canada. In: H. Willer and L. Klicher, editors, The world of organic agriculture: Statistics and emerging trends 2009. Forschungsinstitut für Biologischen Landbau, Frick, Switzerland. p. 239-246
14. Izaurralde, R.C., N.G. Juma, and W.B. McGill. 1990. Plant and nitrogen yield of barley-field pea intercrop in cryoboreal-subhumid central Alberta. Agron. J. 82:295-301. doi:10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200020024x
15. Izaurralde, R.C., W.B. McGill, and N.G. Juma. 1992. Nitrogen fixation efficiency, interspecies N transfer, and root growth in barley-field pea intercrop on a Black Chernozemic soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 13:11-16. doi:10.1007/BF00337231
16. Kaut, A.H.E.E., H.E. Mason, A. Navabi, J.T. O'Donovan, and D. Spaner. 2008. Organic and conventional management of mixtures of wheat and spring cereals. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 28:363-371. doi:10.1051/agro:2008017
17. Lampkin, N. 1990. Organic Farming. Farming Press, Ipswich, UK.
18. Liebman, M., and E. Dyck. 1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecol. Appl. 3:92-122. doi:10.2307/1941795
19. Mohler, C.L., and M. Liebman. 1987. Weed productivity and composition in sole crops and intercrops of barley and field pea. J. Appl. Ecol. 24:685-699. doi:10.2307/2403903
20. Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada. 2008. Final results of the first Canadian organic farmer survey of research needs. Nova Scotia Agric. College, Truro, NS, Canada.
21. Overland, L. 1966. The role of allelopathic substances in the "smother crop" barley. Am. J. Bot., 53:423-432. doi:10.2307/2440341
22. Oyejola, B.A., and R. Mead. 1982. Statistical assessment of different ways of calculating land equivalent ratios (LER). Exp. Agric. 18:125-138 doi:10.1017/S0014479700013600
23. Poggio, S.L. 2005. Structure of weed communities occurring in monoculture and intercropping of field pea and barley. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 109:48-58. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.019
24. Ruttle, J. 1977. Intercropping how and why. In: R. Wolf, editor, Organic farming: Yesterday's and tomorrow's agriculture. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA. p. 240-245.
25. Samuel, A.M., and S.J. Guest. 1990. Effect of seed rates and within crop cultivations in organic winter wheat. In: R. Unwin, editor, Crop protection in organic and low input agriculture. Monogr. 45. British Crop Protection Council, Alton, UK. p. 49-54.
26. Shetty, S.V.R. 1982. Weed control in intercropping systems. Presented at the UN/FAO Expert Consultation on Weed Management Strategies for the 1980s in Less Developed Countries. FAO, Rome.
27. Shetty, S.V.R., and A.N. Rao. 1979. Weed management studies in sorghumpigeon pea and pearl millet-groundnut intercrop systems: Some observations. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Intercropping, Hyderabad, India. 10-13 Jan. 1979. ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India. p. 238-248.
28. Snaydon, R.W. 1991. Replacement or additive designs for competition studies. J. Appl. Ecol. 28:930-946. doi:10.2307/2404218
29. Snyder, C., and D. Spaner. 2010. The sustainability of organic grain production on the Canadian prairies: A review. Sustainability 2:1016-1034. doi:10.3390/su2041016
30. Stanton, M.L. 1984. Seed variation in wild radish: Effect of seed size on components of seedling and adult fitness. Ecology 65:1105-1112. doi:10.2307/1938318
31. Szumigalski, A.J., and R. Van Acker. 2005. Weed suppression and crop production in annual intercrops. Weed Sci. 53:813-825. doi:10.1614/ WS-05-014R.1
32. Vandermeer, J. 1989. The Ecology of Intercropping. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
33. Willey, R.W. 1979. Intercropping: Its importance and research needs: 1. Competition and yield advantages. Field Crop Abstr. 32:1-10.
34. Willey, R.W., and D.S.O. Osiru. 1972. Studies on mixtures of maize and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with particular reference to plant population. J. Agric. Sci. 79:517-529. doi:10.1017/S0021859600025909
35. Yunusa, I. A M. 1989. Effects of planting density and plant arrangement pattern on growth and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) and soya bean (Glycine max L. Merr.) grown in mixtures. J. Agric. Sci. 112:1-8.
36. Zhang, N.N., Y.M. Sun, L. Li, E.T. Wang, W.X. Chen, and H.L. Yuan. 2010. Effects of intercropping and Rhizobium inoculation on yield and rhizosphere bacterial community of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Biol. Fertil. Soils. 46:625-639. doi:10.1007/s00374-010-0469-5