Targeting dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor systems to treat alcohol abuse and dependence

Alcohol

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 359-370

  Walker, Brendan M ^a   Valdez, Glenn R ^b   McLaughlin, Jay P ^c   Bakalkin, Georgy ^d  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c TORREY PINES INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR STUDIES   (United States)

^d UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Alcohol; Anxiety; Central nucleus of the amygdala; Cognitive dysfunction; Decision making; Dependence; Depression; Dynorphin; Extended amygdala; Impulsivity; Kappa opioid receptor; Negative affect; Negative reinforcement; Nor binaltorphimine (nor BNI); Nucleus accumbens; Opioid; Orbitofrontal cortex; Place preference; Prefrontal cortex; Self administration; Stress; Withdrawal

Indexed keywords

DYNORPHIN; KAPPA OPIATE RECEPTOR;

ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOL USE DISORDER; ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL; ALCOHOLISM; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANXIETY; BRAIN FUNCTION; CHRONIC STRESS; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEPRESSION; DRUG SELF ADMINISTRATION; DRUG TARGETING; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; MUTATOR GENE; NONHUMAN; PDYN GENE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REINFORCEMENT; REVIEW; REWARD;

ALCOHOLISM; AMYGDALA; ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DYNORPHINS; ETHANOL; HUMANS; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84861188841     PISSN: 07418329     EISSN: 18736823     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.10.006     Document Type: Review

References (194)

1. Ahn S., Shenoy S.K., Wei H., Lefkowitz R.J. Differential kinetic and spatial patterns of beta-arrestin and G protein-mediated ERK activation by the angiotensin II receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004, 279:35518-35525.
2. Alheid G.F., Heimer L. New perspectives in basal forebrain organization of special relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders: the striatopallidal, amygdaloid, and corticopetal components of substantia innominata. Neuroscience 1988, 27:1-39.
3. Amalric M., Cline E.J., Martinez J.L., Bloom F.E., Koob G.F. Rewarding properties of beta-endorphin as measured by conditioned place preference. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1987, 91:14-19.
4. Bakalkin G., Watanabe H., Jezierska J., Depoorter C., Verschuuren-Bemelmans C., Bazov I., et al. Prodynorphin mutations cause the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 23. American Journal of Human Genetics 2010, 87:593-603.
5. Baldwin H.A., Rassnick S., Rivier J., Koob G.F., Britton K.T. CRF antagonist reverses the " anxiogenic" response to ethanol withdrawal in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1991, 103:227-232.
6. Bardo M.T., Rowlett J.K., Harris M.J. Conditioned place preference using opiate and stimulant drugs: a meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1995, 19:39-51.
7. Bart G., Schluger J.H., Borg L., Ho A., Bidlack J.M., Kreek M.J. Nalmefene induced elevation in serum prolactin in normal human volunteers: partial kappa opioid agonist activity?. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:2254-2262.
8. Bazov I., Watanabe H., Kononenko O., untic V., arkisyan D., Aqi M., et al. The endogenous opioid system in human alcoholics: molecular adaptations in brain areas involved in cognitive control of addiction. Addiction Biology 2011.
9. Beardsley P.M., Howard J.L., Shelton K.L., Carroll F.I. Differential effects of the novel kappa opioid receptor antagonist, JDTic, on reinstatement of cocaine-seeking induced by footshock stressors vs cocaine primes and its antidepressant-like effects in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2005, 183:118-126.
10. Belcheva M.M., Vogel Z., Ignatova E., Avidor-Reiss T., Zippel R., Levy R., et al. Opioid modulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activity is ras-dependent and involves Gbetagamma subunits. Journal of Neurochemistry 1998, 70:635-645.
11. Bencherif B., Wand G.S., McCaul M.E., Kim Y.K., Ilgin N., Dannals R.F., et al. Mu-opioid receptor binding measured by [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography is related to craving and mood in alcohol dependence. Biological Psychiatry 2004, 55:255-262.
12. Blednov Y.A., Walker D., Martinez M., Harris R.A. Reduced alcohol consumption in mice lacking preprodynorphin. Alcohol 2006, 40:73-86.
13. Boettiger C.A., Kelley E.A., Mitchell J.M., D'Esposito M., Fields H.L. Now or later? An fMRI study of the effects of endogenous opioid blockade on a decision-making network. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2009, 93:291-299.
14. Broadbear J.H., Negus S.S., Butelman E.R., de Costa B.R., Woods J.H. Differential effects of systemically administered nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) on kappa-opioid agonists in the mouse writhing assay. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1994, 115:311-319.
15. Brown S.A., Schuckit M.A. Changes in depression among abstinent alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1988, 49:412-417.
16. Brownstein M.J. Opioid peptides: search for the precursors. Nature 1980, 287:678-679.
17. Bruchas M.R., Chavkin C. Kinase cascades and ligand-directed signaling at the kappa opioid receptor. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2010, 210:137-147.
18. Bruchas M.R., Macey T.A., Lowe J.D., Chavkin C. Kappa opioid receptor activation of p38 MAPK is. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006, 281:18081-18089.
19. Carelli R.M. Nucleus accumbens cell firing during goal-directed behaviors for cocaine vs. 'natural' reinforcement. Physiology & Behavior 2002, 76:379-387.
20. Carey A.N., Borozny K., Aldrich J.V., McLaughlin J.P. Reinstatement of cocaine place-conditioning prevented by the peptide kappa-opioid receptor antagonist arodyn. European Journal of Pharmacology 2007, 569:84-89.
21. Carey A.N., Lyons A.M., Shay C.F., Dunton O., McLaughlin J.P. Endogenous kappa opioid activation mediates stress-induced deficits in learning and memory. Journal of Neuroscience 2009, 29:4293-4300.
22. Carlezon W.A., Duman R.S., Nestler E.J. The many faces of CREB. Trends in Neurosciences 2005, 28:436-445.
23. Carlezon W.A., Thome J., Olson V.G., Lane-Ladd S.B., Brodkin E.S., Hiroi N., et al. Regulation of cocaine reward by CREB. Science 1998, 282:2272-2275.
24. Carr G.V., Bangasser D.A., Bethea T., Young M., Valentino R.J., Lucki I. Antidepressant-like effects of kappa-opioid receptor antagonists in wistar kyoto rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010, 35:752-763.
25. Carr G., Fibiger H., Phillips S. Conditioned place preference as a measure of drug reward. The neuropharmacological basis of reward 1989, 264-319. Clarendon Press, Oxford. J.M. Liebman, S.J. Cooper (Eds.).
26. Carroll M.R., Rodd Z.A., Murphy J.M., Simon J.R. Chronic ethanol consumption increases dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens of high alcohol drinking rats. Alcohol 2006, 40:103-109.
27. Caudle R.M., Mannes A.J. Dynorphin: friend or foe?. Pain 2000, 87:235-239.
28. Chavkin C., James I.F., Goldstein A. Dynorphin is a specific endogenous ligand of the kappa opioid receptor. Science 1982, 215:413-415.
29. Chavkin C., Sud S., Jin W., Stewart J., Zjawiony J.K., Siebert D.J., et al. Salvinorin A, an active component of the hallucinogenic sage salvia divinorum is a highly efficacious kappa-opioid receptor agonist: structural and functional considerations. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004, 308:1197-1203.
30. Chen F., Lawrence A.J. Effect of chronic ethanol and withdrawal on the mu-opioid receptor- and 5-Hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor-stimulated binding of [(35)S]Guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate in the fawn-hooded rat brain: a quantitative autoradiography study. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2000, 293:159-165.
31. Collins S.L., Gerdes R.M., D'Addario C., Izenwasser S. Kappa opioid agonists alter dopamine markers and cocaine-stimulated locomotor activity. Behavioural Pharmacology 2001, 12:237-245.
32. Coonfield D.L., Hill K.G., Kaczmarek H.J., Ferraro F.M., Kiefer S.W. Low doses of naltrexone reduce palatability and consumption of ethanol in outbred rats. Alcohol 2002, 26:43-47.
33. Crews F.T., Boettiger C.A. Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2009, 93:237-247.
34. Cunningham C.L., Ferree N.K., Howard M.A. Apparatus bias and place conditioning with ethanol in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2003, 170:409-422.
35. Cunningham C.L., Niehus D.R., Malott D.H., Prather L.K. Genetic differences in the rewarding and activating effects of morphine and ethanol. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1992, 107:385-393.
36. D'Addario C., Di Benedetto M., Izenwasser S., Candeletti S., Romualdi P. Differential time course of effects of kappa-opioid agonist treatment on dynorphin A levels and kappa-opioid receptor density. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2004, 24:307-314.
37. Dai X., Thavundayil J., Gianoulakis C. Differences in the peripheral levels of beta-endorphin in response to alcohol and stress as a function of alcohol dependence and family history of alcoholism. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2005, 29:1965-1975.
38. Dalman F.C., O'Malley K.L. kappa-Opioid tolerance and dependence in cultures of dopaminergic midbrain neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 19:5750-5757.
39. Di Chiara G., Bassareo V., Fenu S., De Luca M.A., Spina L., Cadoni C., et al. Dopamine and drug addiction: the nucleus accumbens shell connection. Neuropharmacology 2004, 47(Suppl. 1):227-241.
40. Di Chiara G., Imperato A. Opposite effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and in the dorsal caudate of freely moving rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1988, 244:1067-1080.
41. Doyon W.M., Howard E.C., Shippenberg T.S., Gonzales R.A. Kappa-opioid receptor modulation of accumbal dopamine concentration during operant ethanol self-administration. Neuropharmacology 2006, 51:487-496.
42. Dubner R., Ruda M.A. Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity following tissue injury and inflammation. Trends in Neurosciences 1992, 15:96-103.
43. Edenberg H.J., Wang J., Tian H., Pochareddy S., Xuei X., Wetherill L., et al. A regulatory variation in OPRK1, the gene encoding the kappa-opioid receptor, is associated with alcohol dependence. Human Molecular Genetics 2008, 17:1783-1789.
44. Faden A.I., Jacobs T.P. Dynorphin induces partially reversible paraplegia in the rat. European Journal of Pharmacology 1983, 91:321-324.
45. Femenia T., Manzanares J. Increased ethanol intake in prodynorphin knockout mice is associated to changes in opioid receptor function and dopamine transmission. Addiction Biology 2011.
46. Fields H.L., Hjelmstad G.O., Margolis E.B., Nicola S.M. Ventral tegmental area neurons in learned appetitive behavior and positive reinforcement. Annual Review of Neuroscience 2007, 30:289-316.
47. Fuentealba J.A., Gysling K., Magendzo K., Andres M.E. Repeated administration of the selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-69593 increases stimulated dopamine extracellular levels in the rat nucleus accumbens. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006, 84:450-459.
48. Funk D., Harding S., Juzytsch W., Le A.D. Effects of unconditioned and conditioned social defeat on alcohol self-administration and reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2005, 183:341-349.
49. Gianoulakis C., Krishnan B., Thavundayil J. Enhanced sensitivity of pituitary beta-endorphin to ethanol in subjects at high risk of alcoholism. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996, 53:250-257.
50. Gieryk A., Ziolkowska B., Solecki W., Kubik J., Przewlocki R. Forebrain PENK and PDYN gene expression levels in three inbred strains of mice and their relationship to genotype-dependent morphine reward sensitivity. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2010, 208:291-300.
51. Gilligan S.B., Reich T., Cloninger C.R. Etiologic heterogeneity in alcoholism. Genetic Epidemiology 1987, 4:395-414.
52. Gonzales R.A., Weiss F. Suppression of ethanol-reinforced behavior by naltrexone is associated with attenuation of the ethanol-induced increase in dialysate dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Journal of Neuroscience 1998, 18:10663-10671.
53. Grant B.F., Dawson D.A., Stinson F.S., Chou S.P., Dufour M.C., Pickering R.P. The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1991-1992 and 2001-2002. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2004, 74:223-234.
54. Grant B.F., Harford T.C. Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1995, 39:197-206.
55. Gremel C.M., Gabriel K.I., Cunningham C.L. Topiramate does not affect the acquisition or expression of ethanol conditioned place preference in DBA/2J or C57BL/6J mice. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2006, 30:783-790.
56. Grisel J.E., Mogil J.S., Grahame N.J., Rubinstein M., Belknap J.K., Crabbe J.C., et al. Ethanol oral self-administration is increased in mutant mice with decreased beta-endorphin expression. Brain Research 1999, 835:62-67.
57. Harper C.G., Kril J.J., Holloway R.L. Brain shrinkage in chronic alcoholics: a pathological study. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) 1985, 290:501-504.
58. Harwood H.J., Fountain D., Livermore G. Economic costs of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Recent Developments in Alcoholism 1998, 14:307-330.
59. Hasin D.S., Grant B.F. Major depression in 6050 former drinkers: association with past alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry 2002, 59:794-800.
60. Hauser K.F., Aldrich J.V., Anderson K.J., Bakalkin G., Christie M.J., Hall E.D., et al. Pathobiology of dynorphins in trauma and disease. Frontiers in Bioscience 2005, 10:216-235.
61. Healey J.C., Winder D.G., Kash T.L. Chronic ethanol exposure leads to divergent control of dopaminergic synapses in distinct target regions. Alcohol 2008, 42:179-190.
62. Heidbreder C.A., Schenk S., Partridge B., Shippenberg T.S. Increased responsiveness of mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopamine neurons to cocaine following repeated administration of a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist. Synapse 1998, 30:255-262.
63. Heilig M., Koob G.F. A key role for corticotropin-releasing factor in alcohol dependence. Trends in Neurosciences 2007, 30:399-406.
64. Herz A. Endogenous opioid systems and alcohol addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1997, 129:99-111.
65. Holter S.M., Engelmann M., Kirschke C., Liebsch G., Landgraf R., Spanagel R. Long-term ethanol self-administration with repeated ethanol deprivation episodes changes ethanol drinking pattern and increases anxiety-related behaviour during ethanol deprivation in rats. Behavioural Pharmacology 1998, 9:41-48.
66. Hull E.M., Lorrain D.S., Du J., Matuszewich L., Lumley L.A., Putnam S.K., et al. Hormone-neurotransmitter interactions in the control of sexual behavior. Behavioural Brain Research 1999, 105:105-116.
67. Hyytia P., Kiianmaa K. Suppression of ethanol responding by centrally administered CTOP and naltrindole in AA and Wistar rats. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2001, 25:25-33.
68. Ignatova E.G., Belcheva M.M., Bohn L.M., Neuman M.C., Coscia C.J. Requirement of receptor internalization for opioid stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase: biochemical and immunofluorescence confocal microscopic evidence. Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 19:56-63.
69. Ikegami A., Duvauchelle C.L. Dopamine mechanisms and cocaine reward. International Review of Neurobiology 2004, 62:45-94.
70. Jamensky N.T., Gianoulakis C. Content of dynorphins and kappa-opioid receptors in distinct brain regions of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 1997, 21:1455-1464.
71. Jarjour S., Bai L., Gianoulakis C. Effect of acute ethanol administration on the release of opioid peptides from the midbrain including the ventral tegmental area. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2009, 33:1033-1043.
72. Jiang H.K., Owyang V.V., Hong J.S., Gallagher M. Elevated dynorphin in the hippocampal formation of aged rats: relation to cognitive impairment on a spatial learning task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1989, 86:2948-2951.
73. Jordan B.A., Cvejic S., Devi L.A. Kappa opioid receptor endocytosis by dynorphin peptides. DNA and Cell Biology 2000, 19:19-27.
74. June H.L., Cummings R., Eiler W.J., Foster K.L., McKay P.F., Seyoum R., et al. Central opioid receptors differentially regulate the nalmefene-induced suppression of ethanol- and saccharin-reinforced behaviors in alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:285-299.
75. June H.L., Grey C., Warren-Reese C., Durr L.F., Ricks-Cord A., Johnson A., et al. The opioid receptor antagonist nalmefene reduces responding maintained by ethanol presentation: preclinical studies in ethanol-preferring and outbred Wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1998, 22:2174-2185.
76. Katz J.L., Higgins S.T. The validity of the reinstatement model of craving and relapse to drug use. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2003, 168:21-30.
77. Kelley A.E., Bakshi V.P., Haber S.N., Steininger T.L., Will M.J., Zhang M. Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum. Physiology & Behavior 2002, 76:365-377.
78. Kelley A.E., Baldo B.A., Pratt W.E., Will M.J. Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: integration of energy, action and reward. Physiology & Behavior 2005, 86:773-795.
79. Kelley B.M., Bandy A.L., Middaugh L.D. A study examining intravenous ethanol-conditioned place preference in C57BL/6J mice. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 1997, 21:1661-1666.
80. Khantzian E.J. Self-regulation and self-medication factors in alcoholism and the addictions. Similarities and differences. Recent Developments in Alcoholism 1990, 8:255-271.
81. Koob G.F. Neurobiology of addiction. Toward the development of new therapies. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 909:170-185.
82. Koob G.F., Le Moal M. Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001, 24:97-129.
83. Koob G.F., Volkow N.D. Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010, 35:217-238.
84. Kovacs K.M., Szakall I., O'Brien D., Wang R., Vinod K.Y., Saito M., et al. Decreased oral self-administration of alcohol in kappa-opioid receptor knock-out mice. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2005, 29:730-738.
85. Kril J.J., Halliday G.M., Svoboda M.D., Cartwright H. The cerebral cortex is damaged in chronic alcoholics. Neuroscience 1997, 79:983-998.
86. Lai J., Luo M.C., Chen Q., Ma S., Gardell L.R., Ossipov M.H., et al. Dynorphin A activates bradykinin receptors to maintain neuropathic pain. Nature Neuroscience 2006, 9:1534-1540.
87. Lai J., Ossipov M.H., Vanderah T.W., Malan T.P., Porreca F. Neuropathic pain: the paradox of dynorphin. Molecular Interventions 2001, 1:160-167.
88. Lam M.P., Marinelli P.W., Bai L., Gianoulakis C. Effects of acute ethanol on opioid peptide release in the central amygdala: an in vivo microdialysis study. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2008, 201:261-271.
89. Land B.B., Bruchas M.R., Lemos J.C., Xu M., Melief E.J., Chavkin C. The dysphoric component of stress is encoded by activation of the dynorphin kappa-opioid system. Journal of Neuroscience 2008, 28:407-414.
90. Land B.B., Bruchas M.R., Schattauer S., Giardino W.J., Aita M., Messinger D., et al. Activation of the kappa opioid receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus mediates the aversive effects of stress and reinstates drug seeking. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:19168-19173.
91. Le A.D., Harding S., Juzytsch W., Watchus J., Shalev U., Shaham Y. The role of corticotrophin-releasing factor in stress-induced relapse to alcohol-seeking behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2000, 150:317-324.
92. Li J.G., Luo L.Y., Krupnick J.G., Benovic J.L., Liu-Chen L.Y. U50,488H-induced internalization of the human kappa opioid receptor involves a beta-arrestin- and dynamin-dependent mechanism. Kappa receptor internalization is not required for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999, 274:12087-12094.
93. Lindholm S., Ploj K., Franck J., Nylander I. Repeated ethanol administration induces short- and long-term changes in enkephalin and dynorphin tissue concentrations in rat brain. Alcohol 2000, 22:165-171.
94. Lindholm S., Rosin A., Dahlin I., Georgieva J., Franck J. Ethanol alters the effect of kappa receptor ligands on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Physiology & Behavior 2007, 92:167-171.
95. Lindholm S., Werme M., Brene S., Franck J. The selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U50,488H attenuates voluntary ethanol intake in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research 2001, 120:137-146.
96. Liu X., Weiss F. Additive effect of stress and drug cues on reinstatement of ethanol seeking: exacerbation by history of dependence and role of concurrent activation of corticotropin-releasing factor and opioid mechanisms. Journal of Neuroscience 2002, 22:7856-7861.
97. Loacker S., Sayyah M., Wittmann W., Herzog H., Schwarzer C. Endogenous dynorphin in epileptogenesis and epilepsy: anticonvulsant net effect via kappa opioid receptors. Brain 2007, 130:1017-1028.
98. Logrip M.L., Janak P.H., Ron D. Dynorphin is a downstream effector of striatal BDNF regulation of ethanol intake. FASEB Journal 2008, 22:2393-2404.
99. Logrip M.L., Janak P.H., Ron D. Blockade of ethanol reward by the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488H. Alcohol 2009, 43:359-365.
100. Love T.M., Stohler C.S., Zubieta J.K. Positron emission tomography measures of endogenous opioid neurotransmission and impulsiveness traits in humans. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009, 66:1124-1134.
101. Lucki I., Dalvi A., Mayorga A.J. Sensitivity to the effects of pharmacologically selective antidepressants in different strains of mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001, 155:315-322.
102. McLaughlin J.P., Land B.B., Li S., Pintar J.E., Chavkin C. Prior activation of kappa opioid receptors by U50,488 mimics repeated forced swim stress to potentiate cocaine place preference conditioning. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006, 31:787-794.
103. McLaughlin J.P., Marton-Popovici M., Chavkin C. Kappa opioid receptor antagonism and prodynorphin gene disruption block stress-induced behavioral responses. Journal of Neuroscience 2003, 23:5674-5683.
104. Mague S.D., Pliakas A.M., Todtenkopf M.S., Tomasiewicz H.C., Zhang Y., Stevens W.C., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of kappa-opioid receptor antagonists in the forced swim test in rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2003, 305:323-330.
105. Maldonado R. The neurobiology of addiction. Journal of Neural Transmission Supplementa 2003, 1-14.
106. Mansour A., Khachaturian H., Lewis M.E., Akil H., Watson S.J. Autoradiographic differentiation of mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors in the rat forebrain and midbrain. Journal of Neuroscience 1987, 7:2445-2464.
107. Marinelli P.W., Bai L., Quirion R., Gianoulakis C. A microdialysis profile of Met-enkephalin release in the rat nucleus accumbens following alcohol administration. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2005, 29:1821-1828.
108. Marinelli P.W., Lam M., Bai L., Quirion R., Gianoulakis C. A microdialysis profile of dynorphin A(1-8) release in the rat nucleus accumbens following alcohol administration. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2006, 30:982-990.
109. Marinelli P.W., Quirion R., Gianoulakis C. A microdialysis profile of beta-endorphin and catecholamines in the rat nucleus accumbens following alcohol administration. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2003, 169:60-67.
110. Marinelli P.W., Quirion R., Gianoulakis C. An in vivo profile of beta-endorphin release in the arcuate nucleus and nucleus accumbens following exposure to stress or alcohol. Neuroscience 2004, 127:777-784.
111. Markou A., Kosten T.R., Koob G.F. Neurobiological similarities in depression and drug dependence: a self-medication hypothesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 1998, 18:135-174.
112. Mason B.J., Ritvo E.C., Morgan R.O., Salvato F.R., Goldberg G., Welch B., et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral nalmefene HCl for alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 1994, 18:1162-1167.
113. Merg F., Filliol D., Usynin I., Bazov I., Bark N., Hurd Y.L., et al. Big dynorphin as a putative endogenous ligand for the kappa-opioid receptor. Journal of Neurochemistry 2006, 97:292-301.
114. Middaugh L.D., Bandy A.L. Naltrexone effects on ethanol consumption and response to ethanol conditioned cues in C57BL/6 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2000, 151:321-327.
115. Miner L.L. Cocaine reward and locomotor activity in C57BL/6J and 129/SvJ inbred mice and their F1 cross. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1997, 58:25-30.
116. Mitchell J.M., Liang M.T., Fields H.L. A single injection of the kappa opioid antagonist norbinaltorphimine increases ethanol consumption in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2005, 182:384-392.
117. Moghaddam B., Homayoun H. Divergent plasticity of prefrontal cortex networks. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:42-55.
118. Mokdad A.H., Marks J.S., Stroup D.F., Gerberding J.L. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. Journal of American Medical Association 2004, 291:1238-1245.
119. Mucha R.F., Herz A. Motivational properties of kappa and mu opioid receptor agonists studied with place and taste preference conditioning. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1985, 86:274-280.
120. Myrick H., Anton R.F., Li X., Henderson S., Randall P.K., Voronin K. Effect of naltrexone and ondansetron on alcohol cue-induced activation of the ventral striatum in alcohol-dependent people. Archives of General Psychiatry 2008, 65:466-475.
121. Nealey K.A., Smith A.W., Davis S.M., Smith D.G., Walker B.M. kappa-opioid receptors are implicated in the increased potency of intra-accumbens nalmefene in ethanol-dependent rats. Neuropharmacology 2011, 61:35-42.
122. Negus S.S. Effects of the kappa opioid agonist U50,488 and the kappa opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine on choice between cocaine and food in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2004, 176:204-213.
123. Nestler E.J., Carlezon W.A. The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression. Biological Psychiatry 2006, 59:1151-1159.
124. Nguyen X.V., Masse J., Kumar A., Vijitruth R., Kulik C., Liu M., et al. Prodynorphin knockout mice demonstrate diminished age-associated impairment in spatial water maze performance. Behavioural Brain Research 2005, 161:254-262.
125. Nocjar C., Middaugh L.D., Tavernetti M. Ethanol consumption and place-preference conditioning in the alcohol-preferring C57BL/6 mouse: relationship with motor activity patterns. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 1999, 23:683-692.
126. O'Dell L.E., Roberts A.J., Smith R.T., Koob G.F. Enhanced alcohol self-administration after intermittent versus continuous alcohol vapor exposure. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2004, 28:1676-1682.
127. O'Malley S.S., Krishnan-Sarin S., Farren C., Sinha R., Kreek M.J. Naltrexone decreases craving and alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent subjects and activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2002, 160:19-29.
128. Orsini C., Bonito-Oliva A., Conversi D., Cabib S. Susceptibility to conditioned place preference induced by addictive drugs in mice of the C57BL/6 and DBA/2 inbred strains. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2005, 181:327-336.
129. Pellow S. Anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects in a novel test of anxiety: are exploratory models of anxiety in rodents valid?. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 1986, 8:557-565.
130. Pellow S., Chopin P., File S.E., Briley M. Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 1985, 14:149-167.
131. Picker M.J., Mathewson C., Allen R.M. Opioids and rate of positively reinforced behavior: III. Antagonism by the long-lasting kappa antagonist norbinaltorphimine. Behavioural Pharmacology 1996, 7:495-504.
132. Pliakas A.M., Carlson R.R., Neve R.L., Konradi C., Nestler E.J., Carlezon W.A. Altered responsiveness to cocaine and increased immobility in the forced swim test associated with elevated cAMP response element-binding protein expression in nucleus accumbens. Journal of Neuroscience 2001, 21:7397-7403.
133. Pradhan A.A., Walwyn W., Nozaki C., Filliol D., Erbs E., Matifas A., et al. Ligand-directed trafficking of the delta-opioid receptor in vivo: two paths toward analgesic tolerance. Journal of Neuroscience 2010, 30:16459-16468.
134. Przewlocka B., Turchan J., Lason W., Przewlocki R. Ethanol withdrawal enhances the prodynorphin system activity in the rat nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience Letters 1997, 238:13-16.
135. Rasmussen D.D., Mitton D.R., Green J., Puchalski S. Chronic daily ethanol and withdrawal: 2. Behavioral changes during prolonged abstinence. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2001, 25:999-1005.
136. Rassnick S., Heinrichs S.C., Britton K.T., Koob G.F. Microinjection of a corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist into the central nucleus of the amygdala reverses anxiogenic-like effects of ethanol withdrawal. Brain Research 1993, 605:25-32.
137. Regier D.A., Farmer M.E., Rae D.S., Locke B.Z., Keith S.J., Judd L.L., et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. Journal of American Medical Association 1990, 264:2511-2518.
138. Rimondini R., Sommer W., Heilig M. A temporal threshold for induction of persistent alcohol preference: behavioral evidence in a rat model of intermittent intoxication. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2003, 64:445-449.
139. Roberts A.J., Cole M., Koob G.F. Intra-amygdala muscimol decreases operant ethanol self-administration in dependent rats. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 1996, 20:1289-1298.
140. Roberts A.J., Heyser C.J., Cole M., Griffin P., Koob G.F. Excessive ethanol drinking following a history of dependence: animal model of allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000, 22:581-594.
141. Roberts A.J., McDonald J.S., Heyser C.J., Kieffer B.L., Matthes H.W., Koob G.F., et al. mu-Opioid receptor knockout mice do not self-administer alcohol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2000, 293:1002-1008.
142. Rosin A., Lindholm S., Franck J., Georgieva J. Downregulation of kappa opioid receptor mRNA levels by chronic ethanol and repetitive cocaine in rat ventral tegmentum and nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience Letters 1999, 275:1-4.
143. Roy A., DeJong J., Lamparski D., George T., Linnoila M. Depression among alcoholics. Relationship to clinical and cerebrospinal fluid variables. Archives of General Psychiatry 1991, 48:428-432.
144. Sakoori K., Murphy N.P. Endogenous nociceptin (orphanin FQ) suppresses basal hedonic state and acute reward responses to methamphetamine and ethanol, but facilitates chronic responses. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:877-891.
145. Saland L.C., Abeyta A., Frausto S., Raymond-Stintz M., Hastings C.M., Carta M., et al. Chronic ethanol consumption reduces delta-and mu-opioid receptor-stimulated G-protein coupling in rat brain. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2004, 28:98-104.
146. Sandin J., Nylander I., Georgieva J., Schott P.A., Ogren S.O., Terenius L. Hippocampal dynorphin B injections impair spatial learning in rats: a kappa-opioid receptor-mediated effect. Neuroscience 1998, 85:375-382.
147. Sandin J., Nylander I., Silberring J. Metabolism of beta-endorphin in plasma studied by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Regulatory Peptides 1998, 73:67-72.
148. Schuckit M.A., Tipp J.E., Bergman M., Reich W., Hesselbrock V.M., Smith T.L. Comparison of induced and independent major depressive disorders in 2,945 alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997, 154:948-957.
149. Schuckit M.A., Tipp J.E., Bucholz K.K., Nurnberger J.I., Hesselbrock V.M., Crowe R.R., et al. The life-time rates of three major mood disorders and four major anxiety disorders in alcoholics and controls. Addiction 1997, 92:1289-1304.
150. Schulteis G., Markou A., Cole M., Koob G.F. Decreased brain reward produced by ethanol withdrawal. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA 1995, 92:5880-5884.
151. Schunk E., Aigner C., Stefanova N., Wenning G., Herzog H., Schwarzer C. Kappa opioid receptor activation blocks progressive neurodegeneration after kainic acid injection. Hippocampus 2010.
152. Shaham Y., Shalev U., Lu L., De W.H., Stewart J. The reinstatement model of drug relapse: history, methodology and major findings. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2003, 168:3-20.
153. Sheedy D., Garrick T., Dedova I., Hunt C., Miller R., Sundqvist N., et al. An Australian Brain Bank: a critical investment with a high return!. Cell and Tissue Banking 2008, 9:205-216.
154. Shenoy S.K., Drake M.T., Nelson C.D., Houtz D.A., Xiao K., Madabushi S., et al. beta-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent ERK1/2 activation by the beta2 adrenergic receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006, 281:1261-1273.
155. Shippenberg T.S., Bals-Kubik R., Herz A. Motivational properties of opioids: evidence that an activation of delta-receptors mediates reinforcement processes. Brain Research 1987, 436:234-239.
156. Shippenberg T.S., Herz A. Differential effects of mu and kappa opioid systems on motivational processes. NIDA Research Monographs 1986, 75:563-566.
157. Shippenberg T.S., Zapata A., Chefer V.I. Dynorphin and the pathophysiology of drug addiction. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2007, 116:306-321.
158. Shoaib M., Spanagel R., Stohr T., Shippenberg T.S. Strain differences in the rewarding and dopamine-releasing effects of morphine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1995, 117:240-247.
159. Shoemaker W.J., Vavrousek-Jakuba E., Arons C.D., Kwok F.C. The acquisition and maintenance of voluntary ethanol drinking in the rat: effects of dopaminergic lesions and naloxone. Behavioural Brain Research 2002, 137:139-148.
160. Singh I.N., Goody R.J., Goebel S.M., Martin K.M., Knapp P.E., Marinova Z., et al. Dynorphin A (1-17) induces apoptosis in striatal neurons in vitro through alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate/kainite receptor-mediated cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Neuroscience 2003, 122:1013-1023.
161. Solomon R.L., Corbit J.D. An opponent-process theory of motivation. I. Temporal dynamics of affect. Psychological Review 1974, 81:119-145.
162. Sperling R.E., Gomes S.M., Sypek E.I., Carey A.N., McLaughlin J.P. Endogenous kappa-opioid mediation of stress-induced potentiation of ethanol-conditioned place preference and self-administration. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2010, 210:199-209.
163. Stromberg M.F., Casale M., Volpicelli L., Volpicelli J.R., O'Brien C.P. A comparison of the effects of the opioid antagonists naltrexone, naltrindole, and beta-funaltrexamine on ethanol consumption in the rat. Alcohol 1998, 15:281-289.
164. Stromberg M.F., Mackler S.A., Volpicelli J.R., O'Brien C.P. Effect of acamprosate and naltrexone, alone or in combination, on ethanol consumption. Alcohol 2001, 23:109-116.
165. Sullivan E.V., Pfefferbaum A. Neurocircuitry in alcoholism: a substrate of disruption and repair. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2005, 180:583-594.
166. Tan-No K., Cebers G., Yakovleva T., Hoon G.B., Gileva I., Reznikov K., et al. Cytotoxic effects of dynorphins through nonopioid intracellular mechanisms. Experimental Cell Research 2001, 269:54-63.
167. Tan-No K., Takahashi H., Nakagawasai O., Niijima F., Sato T., Satoh S., et al. Pronociceptive role of dynorphins in uninjured animals: N-ethylmaleimide-induced nociceptive behavior mediated through inhibition of dynorphin degradation. Pain 2005, 113:301-309.
168. Taqi M.M., Bazov I., Watanabe H., Nyberg F., Yakovleva T., Bakalkin G. Prodynorphin promoter SNP associated with alcohol dependence forms noncanonical AP-1 binding site that may influence gene expression in human brain. Brain Research 2011, 1385:18-25.
169. Taqi M.M., Bazov I., Watanabe H., Sheedy D., Harper C., Alkass K., et al. Prodynorphin CpG-SNPs associated with alcohol dependence: elevated methylation in the brain of human alcoholics. Addiction Biology 2011, 16:499-509.
170. Thompson A.C., Zapata A., Justice J.B., Vaughan R.A., Sharpe L.G., Shippenberg T.S. Kappa-opioid receptor activation modifies dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens and opposes the effects of cocaine. Journal of Neuroscience 2000, 20:9333-9340.
171. Todtenkopf M.S., Marcus J.F., Portoghese P.S., Carlezon W.A. Effects of kappa-opioid receptor ligands on intracranial self-stimulation in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 2004, 172:463-470.
172. Torrens M., Fonseca F., Mateu G., Farre M. Efficacy of antidepressants in substance use disorders with and without comorbid depression. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2005, 78:1-22.
173. Turchan J., Przewlocka B., Toth G., Lason W., Borsodi A., Przewlocki R. The effect of repeated administration of morphine, cocaine and ethanol on mu and delta opioid receptor density in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat. Neuroscience 1999, 91:971-977.
174. Tzschentke T.M. Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference paradigm: a comprehensive review of drug effects, recent progress and new issues. Progress in Neurobiology 1998, 56:613-672.
175. Tzschentke T.M. Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm: update of the last decade. Addiction Biology 2007, 12:227-462.
176. Urban J.D., Clarke W.P., von Zastrow M., Nichols D.E., Kobilka B., Weinstein H., et al. Functional selectivity and classical concepts of quantitative pharmacology. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007, 320:1-13.
177. Valdez G.R., Roberts A.J., Chan K., Davis H., Brennan M., Zorrilla E.P., et al. Increased ethanol self-administration and anxiety-like behavior during acute ethanol withdrawal and protracted abstinence: regulation by corticotropin-releasing factor. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2002, 26:1494-1501.
178. Valdez G.R., Sabino V., Koob G.F. Increased anxiety-like behavior and ethanol self-administration in dependent rats: reversal via corticotropin-releasing factor-2 receptor activation. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2004, 28:865-872.
179. Valdez G.R., Platt D.M., Rowlett J.K., Ruedi-Bettschen D., Spealman R.D. Kappa agonist-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in squirrel monkeys: a role for opioid and stress-related mechanisms. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007, 323:525-533.
180. Verbeek D.S., Van de Warrenburg B.P., Wesseling P., Pearson P.L., Kremer H.P., Sinke R.J. Mapping of the SCA23 locus involved in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia to chromosome region 20p13-12.3. Brain 2004, 127:2551-2557.
181. Volpicelli J.R., Alterman A.I., Hayashida M., O'Brien C.P. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry 1992, 49:876-880.
182. Walker B.M., Drimmer D.A., Walker J.L., Liu T., Mathe A.A., Ehlers C.L. Effects of prolonged ethanol vapor exposure on forced swim behavior, and neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing factor levels in rat brains. Alcohol 2010, 44:487-493.
183. Walker B.M., Ehlers C.L. Appetitive motivational experience during adolescence results in enhanced alcohol consumption during adulthood. Behavioral Neuroscience 2009, 123:926-935.
184. Walker B.M., Ettenberg A. Intracerebroventricular ethanol-induced conditioned place preferences are prevented by fluphenazine infusions into the nucleus accumbens of rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 2007, 121:401-410.
185. Walker B.M., Koob G.F. The gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist baclofen attenuates responding for ethanol in ethanol-dependent rats. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 2007, 31:11-18.
186. Walker B.M., Koob G.F. Pharmacological evidence for a motivational role of kappa-opioid systems in ethanol dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:643-652.
187. Walker B.M., Koob G.F. Regarding " Dynorphin is a downstream effector of striatal BDNF regulation of ethanol intake" . FASEB Journal 2008, 22:2113-2114.
188. Walker B.M., Zorrilla E.P., Koob G.F. Systemic kappa-opioid receptor antagonism by nor-binaltorphimine reduces dependence-induced excessive alcohol self-administration in rats. Addiction Biology 2011, 16:116-119.
189. Wang Y., Tang K., Inan S., Siebert D., Holzgrabe U., Lee D.Y., et al. Comparison of pharmacological activities of three distinct kappa ligands (Salvinorin A, TRK-820 and 3FLB) on kappa opioid receptors in vitro and their antipruritic and antinociceptive activities in vivo. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2005, 312:220-230.
190. Williams A.M., Reis D.J., Powell A.S., Neira L.J., Nealey K.A., Ziegler C.E., et al. The effect of intermittent alcohol vapor or pulsatile heroin on somatic and negative affective indices during spontaneous withdrawal in wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012, in press.
191. Williams K.L., Woods J.H. Oral ethanol-reinforced responding in rhesus monkeys: effects of opioid antagonists selective for the mu-, kappa-, or delta-receptor. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research 1998, 22:1634-1639.
192. Xuei X., Dick D., Flury-Wetherill L., Tian H.J., Agrawal A., Bierut L., et al. Association of the kappa-opioid system with alcohol dependence. Molecular Psychiatry 2006, 11:1016-1024.
193. Yakovleva T., Marinova Z., Kuzmin A., Seidah N.G., Haroutunian V., Terenius L., et al. Dysregulation of dynorphins in Alzheimer disease. Neurobiology of Aging 2007, 28:1700-1708.
194. Zhao Y., Valdez G.R., Fekete E.M., Rivier J.E., Vale W.W., Rice K.C., et al. Subtype-selective corticotropin-releasing factor receptor agonists exert contrasting, but not opposite, effects on anxiety-related behavior in rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007, 323:846-854.