Ocean acidification and climate change: Synergies and challenges of addressing both under the UNFCCC

Climate Policy

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 378-389

  Harrould Kolieb, Ellycia R ^a   Herr, Dorothée ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b Global Marine and Polar Programme   (United States)

Author keywords

climate change; climate policy; ocean acidification; oceans; UNFCCC

Indexed keywords

ACIDIFICATION; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON EMISSION; CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; GREENHOUSE GAS; OCEAN; UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;

EID: 84861167240     PISSN: 14693062     EISSN: 17527457     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2012.620788     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Anthony, K. R.N., Maynard, J. A., Diaz-Pulido, G., Mumby, P. J., Marshall, P. A., Cao, L. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience. Global Change Biology, 17(5): 1798-1808.
2. Australia, Council of Australian Governments (COAG). 2007. National Climate Change Adaptation Framework. [available at www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2007-04-13/docs/national_climate_change_adaption_framework.pdf]
3. Bernie, D., Lowe, J., Tyrell, T. and Legg, O. 2010. Influence of mitigation policy on ocean acidification. Geophysical Research Letters, 37: L15704
4. Bodansky, D. and Diringer, E. 2010. The Evolution of Multilateral Regimes: Implications for Climate Change Arlington, VA Prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change
5. 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: Increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 277: 1409-1415.
6. Cooley, S. R. and Doney, S. C. 2009. Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries. Environmental Research Letters, 4: 024007
7. DEFRA. 2010. DEFRA's Climate Change Plan 2010, London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government. [available at www.defra.gov.uk/publications/2011/03/26/climate-change-plan-2010-pb13358/]
8. Fabricius, K. E., Langdon, C., Uthicke, S., Humphrey, C., Noonan, S., De'ath, G., Okazaki, R., Muehllehner, N., Glas, M. and Lough, J. M. 2011. Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature Climate Change, 1: 165-169.
9. Fabry, V. J., McClintock, J. B., Mathis, J. T. and Grebmeier, J. M. 2009. Ocean acidification at high latitudes: the bellweather. Oceanography, 22(4): 160-171.
10. 2 world. Oceanography, 22(4): 36-47.
11. Fung, I. Y., Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K. and John, J. 2005. Evolution of carbon sinks in a changing climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 102(32): 11201-11206.
12. Gazeau, F., Gattuso, J.-P., Dawber, C., Pronker, A. E., Peene, F., Peene, J., Heip, C. H.R. and Middelburg, J. J. 2010. Effect of ocean acidification on the early life stages of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Biogeosciences Discussions, 7: 2927-2947.
13. 2 on shellfish calcification. Geophysical Research Letters, 34: L07603
14. Gooding, R. A., Harley, C. D.G. and Tang, E. 2009. Elevated water temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations increase the growth of a keystone echinoderm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106: 9316-9321.
15. Guinotte, J. M. and Fabry, V. J. 2008. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1134: 320-342.
16. Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., Rowley, S. J., Tedesco, D. and Buia, M.-C. 2008. Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification. Nature, 454: 96-99.
17. Havenhand, J. N., Butler, F. R., Throndyke, M. C. and Williamson, J. E. 2008. Near-future levels of ocean acidification reduce fertilization success in a sea urchin. Current Biology, 18: 651-652.
18. Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., Knowlton, N., Eakin, C. M., Iglesias-Prieto, R., Muthiga, N., Bradbury, R. H., Dubi, A. and Hatziolos, M. E. 2007. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science, 318: 1737-1742.
19. Indonesia, State Ministry of Indonesia, 2007, National Action Plan Addressing Climate Change [available at www.menlh.go.id/home/index.php?lang=en].
20. IAP. 2009. IAP Statement on Ocean Acidification, Trieste, Italy: Interacademy Panel (IAP) on International Issues.
21. IPCC, 2009, Proposed IPCC Workshop on Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biology and Ecosystems, Submitted by the Government of Japan, Working Group II and Working Group I Co-Chairs (October 5), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva [available at www.ipcc-wg2.gov/meetings/workshops/Proposal_OceanAcidification_EM.pdf].
22. IPCC, 2010a, Fifth Assessment Report. Expert Meetings and Workshops, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva [available at www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ar5/ar5-exp-mtgs-workshops.pdf].
23. IPCC, 2010b, Agreed Reference Material for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva [available at www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ar5/ar5-outline-compilation.pdf].
24. Ireland, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Ireland, 2007, National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012 [available at www.environ.ie/en/Publications/Environment/Atmosphere/FileDownLoad,1861,en.pdf].
25. Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Ministry of the Environment (MOE), 2009, Climate Change and its Impacts in Japan [available at www.env.go.jp/en/earth/cc/report_impacts.pdf].
26. Kleypas J.A., Feely R.A., Fabry V.J., Langdon C., Sabine C.L., Robbins L.L., 2006, Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research, Contribution No. 2897, National Ocean Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Report of a Workshop held 18-20 April 2005, St Petersburg, FL.
27. Kleypas, J. A. and Yates, K. K. 2009. Coral reefs and ocean acidification. Oceanography, 22: 108-117.
28. Matthews, H. D. and Caldeira, K. 2008. Stabilizing climate requires near-zero emissions. Geophysical Research Letters, 35: L04705
29. Matthews, H. D., Cao, L. and Caldeira, K. 2009. Sensitivity of ocean acidification to geoengineered climate stabilization. Geophysical Research Letters, 36: L10706
30. 2World, Monaco, 6-9 October 2008.
31. Munday, P. L., Dixson, D. L., Donelson, J. M., Jones, G. P., Pratchett, M. S., Devitsina, G. V. and Doving, K. B. 2009. Ocean acidification impairs olfactory discrimination and homing ability of a marine fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106(6): 1848-1852.
32. Orr, J., Fabry, V. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Key, R. M., Lindsay, K., Maier-Reimer, E., Matear, R., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R. G., Plattner, G.-K., Rodgers, K. B., Sabine, C. L., Sarmiento, J., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R. D., Totterdell, I. J., Weirig, M.-F., Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. 2005. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impacts on calcifying organisms. Nature, 437: 681-686.
33. Rockstrom, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sorlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. and Foley, J. A. 2009. Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society, 14(2) Article 32 (online) [available at www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/].
34. Rosa, R. and Seibel, B. A. 2008. Synergistic effects of climate-related variables suggest future physiological impairment in a top oceanic predator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 105(52): 20776-20780.
35. Royal Society, 2005, Ocean Acidification due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Policy Document 12/05, the Royal Society, London [available at http://royalsociety.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=5709].
36. Royal Society. 2009a. Statement of the Coral Reef Crisis Working Group Meeting. The Royal Society, London, 6 July 2009 [available at http://static.zsl.org/files/statement-of-the-coral-reef-crisis-working-group-890.pdf]
37. Royal Society. 2009b. "Geoengineering the Climate". In Policy Document 10/09, The Royal Society London [available at http://royalsociety.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10768]
38. 2. Science, 305: 367-371.
39. Schubert R., Schellnhuber H.-J., Buchmann N., Epiney A., Grießhammer R., Kulessa M., Messner D., Rahmstorf S., Schmid J., 2006, The Future Oceans-Warming up, Rising High, Turning Sour, Special Report, German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU), Berlin.
40. 2 doubles. Geophysical Research Letters, 36: L05606
41. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M. and Miller, H. L. 2007. "Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change". In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M. and Miller, H. L. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
42. Steinacher, M., Joos, F., Frolicher, T. L., Plattner, G.-K. and Doney, S. C. 2009. Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Biogeosciences, 6: 515-533.
43. TEEB. 2010. Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A Synthesis of the Approach, Conclusions and Recommendations of TEEB, Geneva: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB), United Nations Environment Programme. [available at www.teebweb.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=bYhDohL_TuM%3D]
44. Turley, C. and Findlay, H. S. 2009. Ocean acidification as an indicator for climate change. Climate Change: Observed Impacts on Planet Earth,: 367-390. in: T.M. Letcher (ed), Chapter 21, Elsevier, Oxford
45. Turley, C., Roberts, J. M. and Guinotte, J. M. 2007. Corals in deep-water: will the unseen hand of ocean acidification destroy cold-water ecosystems?. Coral Reefs, 26: 445-448.
46. UN. 1992. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York: United Nations.
47. UN. 1998. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York: United Nations. [available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf]
48. UN-DESA. 2009. Ocean Acidification: A Hidden Risk for Sustainable Development, United Nations, New York: Department for Economics and Social Affairs. Copenhagen Policy Brief No. 1, Division of Sustainable Development
49. UNEP, 2010a, Environmental Consequences of Ocean Acidification: A Threat to Food Security, UNEP Emerging Issues, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya [available at www.unep.org/dewa/pdf/Environmental_Consequences_of_Ocean_Acidification.pdf].
50. UNEP, 2010b, Proposed Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, Note by the Secretariat, UNEP/OzL.Pro.WG.1/30/5, Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya [available at http://ozone.unep.org/Meeting_Documents/oewg/30oewg/OEWG-30-5E.pdf].
51. UNFCCC, 2006, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Eleventh Session, held at Montreal from 28 November to 10 December 2005. Addendum. Part Two: Action Taken by the Conference of the Parties at its Eleventh Session, FCCC/CP/2005/5/Add.1, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany [available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cop11/eng/05a01.pdf].
52. UNFCCC, 2011, Report of the Conference of the Parties on Its Sixteenth Session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. Addendum. Part Two: Action Taken by the Conference of the Parties at its Sixteenth Session, FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany.
53. UNFCCC/AWG-LCA, 2009a, Ideas and Proposals on the Elements Contained in Paragraph 1 of the Bali Action Plan. Submissions from Parties, Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany [available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/awglca6/eng/misc04p01.pdf].
54. UNFCCC/AWG-LCA, 2009b, Reordering and Consolidation of Text in the Revised Negotiating Text. Note by the Secretariat, FCCC/AWGLCA/2009/INF.2, Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany [available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/awglca7/eng/inf02.pdf].
55. UNFCCC/AWG-LCA, 2009c, Report of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention on its Seventh Session, held in Bangkok from 28 September to 9 October 2009, and Barcelona from 2 to 6 November 2009, FCCC/AWGLCA/2009/14, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany [available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/awglca7/eng/14.pdf].
56. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2010a, Update on Developments in Research Activities Relevant to the Needs of the Convention, Submissions from Regional and International Climate Change Research Programmes and Organizations, FCCC/SBSTA/2010/MISC.6, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany.
57. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2010b, Information on Emerging Scientific Findings and Research Outcomes Relevant to the Needs of the Convention: Update Provided in the Context of the Research Dialogue, Submissions from Regional and International Climate Change Research Programmes and Organizations, FCCC/SBSTA/2010/MISC.15, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany.
58. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2010c, Views on Issues Related to the Research Dialogue, Including Possible Ways to Enhance its Effectiveness and the Workshop to be held in Conjunction with SBSTA 34, Submissions from Parties, FCCC/SBSTA/2010/MISC.12, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany.
59. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2010d, Climate Change Research: Updated Information on Emerging Scientific Findings and Research Outcomes, Presentations held at SBSTA 33 Side Event, Cancun, Mexico, 2 December 2010, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat, Bonn, Germany [available at http://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/5847.php].
60. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2010e, Summary of the Results of the Second Phase of the Implementation of the Nairobi Work Programme on Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change for the Period up to the Thirty-Second Session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, Note by the Secretariat, FCCC/SBSTA/2010/10, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany.
61. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2010f, Views and Information on the Effectiveness of the Nairobi Work programme on Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in Fulfilling its Objective, Expected Outcome, Scope of Work and Modalities, FCCC/SBSTA/2010/MISC.8, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany.
62. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2010g, Presentations during the SBSTA 32 dialogue on developments in research activities relevant to the needs of the Convention, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice meeting, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Hotel Maritim, Bonn, Germany, 3 June 2010 [available at http://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/5609.php].
63. UNFCCC/SBSTA, 2011, Report on the workshop on the research dialogue, Note by the Secretariat, FCCC/SBSTA/2011/INF.6, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany.
64. 2. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58: 1428-1436.
65. Winanas, A. K. and Purcell, J. E. 2010. Effects of pH on asexual reproduction and statolith formation of the scyphoxoan Aurelia labiata. Hydrobiologia, 645: 39-52.