Equivalent representation of real and illusory contours in macaque V4

Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 32, Issue 20, 2012, Pages 6760-6770

  Pan, Yanxia ^a   Chen, Minggui ^b   Yin, Jiapeng ^a   An, Xu ^a   Zhang, Xian ^a   Lu, Yiliang ^a   Gong, Hongliang ^a   Li, Wu ^b   Wang, Wei ^a  

^a Chinese Academy of Sciences   (China)

^b BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; MACACA; MALE; NONHUMAN; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS; SPATIAL ORIENTATION; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL ILLUSION; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ANIMALS; BRAIN MAPPING; MACACA MULATTA; MALE; NEURONS; OPTICAL ILLUSIONS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; VISUAL CORTEX;

EID: 84861133631     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: 15292401     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6140-11.2012     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Adelson EH, Bergen JR (1985) Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion. J Opt Soc Am A 2:284-299.
2. Baker TI, Issa NP (2005) Cortical maps of separable tuning properties predict population responses to complex visual stimuli. J Neurophysiol 94:775-787.
3. Basole A, White LE, Fitzpatrick D (2003) Mapping multiple features in the population response of visual cortex. Nature 423:986-990.
4. Blasdel G, Campbell D (2001) Functional retinotopy of monkey visual cortex. J Neurosci 21:8286-8301.
5. Blasdel GG (1992) Differential imaging of ocular dominance and orientation selectivity in monkey striate cortex. J Neurosci 12:3115-3138.
6. Blasdel GG, Salama G (1986) Voltage-sensitive dyes reveal a modular organization in monkey striate cortex. Nature 321:579-585.
7. Brainard DH (1997) The psychophysics toolbox. Spat Vis 10:433-436.
8. Burrows BE, Moore T (2009) Influence and limitations of popout in the selection of salient visual stimuli by area V4 neurons. J Neurosci 29:15169-15177.
9. Bushnell BN, Harding PJ, Kosai Y, Pasupathy A (2011) Partial occlusion modulates contour-based shape encoding in primate area V4. J Neurosci 31:4012-4024.
10. Cadieu C, Kouh M, Pasupathy A, Connor CE, Riesenhuber M, Poggio T (2007) A model of V4 shape selectivity and invariance. J Neurophysiol 98:1733-1750.
11. David SV, Hayden BY, Gallant JL (2006) Spectral receptive field properties explain shape selectivity in area V4. J Neurophysiol 96:3492-3505.
12. Davis G, Driver J (1994) Parallel detection of kanizsa subjective figures in the human visual system. Nature 371:791-793.
13. Desimone R, Schein SJ (1987) Visual properties of neurons in area V4 of the macaque: sensitivity to stimulus form. J Neurophysiol 57:835-868.
14. De Valois RL, Yund EW, Hepler N (1982) The orientation and direction selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex. Vision Res 22:531-544.
15. De Weerd P, Desimone R, Ungerleider LG (1996) Cue-dependent deficits in grating orientation discrimination after V4 lesions in macaques. Vis Neu-rosci 13:529-538.
16. Eagleman DM (2001) Visual illusions and neurobiology. Nat Rev Neurosci 2:920-926.
17. El-Shamayleh Y, Movshon JA (2011) Neuronal responses to texture-defined form in macaque visual area V2. J Neurosci 31:8543-8555.
18. Eysel UT (2003) Illusions and perceived images in the primate brain. Science 302:789-791.
19. Felleman DJ, Van Essen DC (1991) Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 1:1-47.
20. Felleman DJ, Xiao Y, McClendon E (1997) Modular organization of occipito-temporal pathways: cortical connections between visual area 4 and visual area 2 and posterior inferotemporal ventral area in macaque monkeys. J Neurosci 17:3185-3200.
21. Foster KH, Gaska JP, Nagler M, Pollen DA (1985) Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurones in visual cortical areas V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey. J Physiol 365:331-363.
22. Francis G, Wede J (2010) Properties of long-range illusory contours produced by offset-arcs. Perception 39:1466-1475.
23. Gallant JL, Braun J, Van Essen DC (1993) Selectivity for polar, hyperbolic, and Cartesian gratings in macaque visual cortex. Science 259:100-103.
24. Gattass R, Sousa AP, Gross CG (1988) Visuotopic organization and extent of V3 and V4 of the macaque. J Neurosci 8:1831-1845.
25. Ghose GM, Maunsell J (1999) Specialized representations in visual cortex: a role for binding? Neuron 24:79-85, 111-125.
26. Ghose GM, Tśo DY (1997) Form processing modules in primate area V4. J Neurophysiol 77:2191-2196.
27. Girard P, Lomber SG, Bullier J (2002) Shape discrimination deficits during reversible deactivation of area V4 in the macaque monkey. Cereb Cortex 12:1146-1156.
28. Gregory RL (1972) Cognitive contours. Nature 238:51-52.
29. Grinvald A, Lieke E, Frostig RD, Gilbert CD, Wiesel TN (1986) Functional architecture of cortex revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals. Nature 324:361-364.
30. Grosof DH, Shapley RM, Hawken MJ (1993) Macaque V1 neurons can signal 'illusory' contours. Nature 365:550-552.
31. Grossberg S, Mingolla E (1985) Neural dynamics of form perception-boundary completion, illusory figures, and neon color spreading. Psychol Rev 92:173-211.
32. Halgren E, Mendola J, Chong CD, Dale AM (2003) Cortical activation to illusory shapes as measured with magnetoencephalography. Neuroimage 18:1001-1009.
33. Halko MA, Mingolla E, Somers DC (2008) Multiple mechanisms of illusory contour perception. J Vis 8:17.1-17.17.
34. Hegdé J, Felleman DJ (2003) How selective are V1 cells for pop-out stimuli? J Neurosci 23:9968-9980.
35. Heider B, Meskenaite V, Peterhans E (2000) Anatomy and physiology of a neural mechanism defining depth order and contrast polarity at illusory contours. Eur J Neurosci 12:4117-4130.
36. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1968) Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J Physiol 195:215-243.
37. Issa NP, Rosenberg A, Husson TR (2008) Models and measurements of functional maps in V1. J Neurophysiol 99:2745-2754.
38. Jancke D, Chavane F, Naaman S, Grinvald A (2004) Imaging cortical correlates of illusion in early visual cortex. Nature 428:423-426.
39. Kalar DJ, Garrigan P, Wickens TD, Hilger JD, Kellman PJ (2010) A unified model of illusory and occluded contour interpolation. Vision Res 50:284-299.
40. Kanizsa G (1976) Subjective contours. Sci Am 234:48-52.
41. Kobatake E, Tanaka K (1994) Neuronal selectivities to complex object features in the ventral visual pathway of the macaque cerebral cortex. J Neu-rophysiol 71:856-867.
42. Kourtzi Z, Tolias AS, Altmann CF, Augath M, Logothetis NK (2003) Integration of local features into global shapes: monkey and human FMRI studies. Neuron 37:333-346.
43. Larsson J, Amunts K, Gulyás B, Malikovic A, Zilles K, Roland PE (1999) Neuronal correlates of real and illusory contour perception: functional anatomy with PET. Eur J Neurosci 11:4024-4036.
44. Lee TS (2002) The nature of illusory contour computation. Neuron 33:667-668.
45. Lee TS, Mumford D (2003) Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 20:1434-1448.
46. Lee TS, Nguyen M (2001) Dynamics of subjective contour formation in the early visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:1907-1911.
47. Levitt JB, Kiper DC, Movshon JA (1994) Receptive fields and functional architecture of macaque V2. J Neurophysiol 71:2517-2542.
48. Li W, Piëch V, Gilbert CD (2008) Learning to link visual contours. Neuron 57:442-451.
49. Livingstone MS, Hubel DH (1987) Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, color, movement, and depth. J Neu-rosci 7:3416-3468.
50. Logothetis NK, Pauls J, Poggio T (1995) Shape representation in the inferior temporal cortex of monkeys. Curr Biol 5:552-563.
51. Macknik SL, Haglund MM (1999) Optical images of visible and invisible percepts in the primary visual cortex of primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:15208-15210.
52. Mante V, Carandini M (2005) Mapping of stimulus energy in primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 94:788-798.
53. Marcar V, Raiguel SE, Xiao D, Orban GA (2000) Processing of kinetically defined boundaries in areas V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey. J Neuro-physiol 84:2786-2798.
54. Mendola JD, Dale AM, Fischl B, Liu AK, Tootell RB (1999) The representation of illusory and real contours in human cortical visual areas revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 19:8560-8572.
55. Merigan WH (1996) Basic visual capacities and shape discrimination after lesions of extrastriate area V4 in macaques. Vis Neurosci 13:51-60.
56. Merigan WH (2000) Cortical area V4 is critical for certain texture discriminations, but this effect is not dependent on attention. Vis Neurosci 17:949-958.
57. Montaser-Kouhsari L, Landy MS, Heeger DJ, Larsson J (2007) Orientation-selective adaptation to illusory contours in human visual cortex. J Neu-rosci 27:2186-2195.
58. Motter BC (2009) Central V4 receptive fields are scaled by the V1 cortical magnification and correspond to a constant-sized sampling of the V1 surface. J Neurosci 29:5749-5757.
59. Murray MM, Wylie GR, Higgins BA, Javitt DC, Schroeder CE, Foxe JJ (2002) The spatiotemporal dynamics of illusory contour processing: combined high-density electrical mapping, source analysis, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 22:5055-5073.
60. Mysore SG, Vogels R, Raiguel SE, Orban GA (2006) Processing of kinetic boundaries in macaque V4. J Neurophysiol 95:1864-1880.
61. Mysore SG, Vogels R, Raiguel SE, Orban GA (2008) Shape selectivity for camouflage-breaking dynamic stimuli in dorsal V4 neurons. Cereb Cortex 18:1429-1443.
62. Nakamura H, Gattass R, Desimone R, Ungerleider LG (1993) The modular organization of projections from areas V1 and V2 to areas V4 and TEO in macaques. J Neurosci 13:3681-3691.
63. Nassi JJ, Callaway EM (2009) Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:360-372.
64. Nieder A (2002) Seeing more than meets the eye: processing of illusory con-toursinanimals. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 188:249-260.
65. Ninomiya T, Sawamura H, Inoue K, Takada M (2011) Differential architecture of multisynaptic geniculo-cortical pathways to V4 and MT. Cereb Cortex 21:2797-2808.
66. Paradiso MA, Shimojo S, Nakayama K (1989) Subjective contours, tilt aftereffects, and visual cortical organization. Vision Res 29:1205-1213.
67. Pasupathy A, Connor CE (2001) Shape representation in area V4: position-specific tuning for boundary conformation. J Neurophysiol 86:2505-2519.
68. Pasupathy A, Connor CE (2002) Population coding of shape in area V4. Nat Neurosci 5:1332-1338.
69. Pelli DG (1997) The video toolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies. Spat Vis 10:437-442.
70. Peterhans E, von der Heydt R (1989) Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. II. Contours bridging gaps. J Neurosci 9:1749-1763.
71. Pollen DA, Przybyszewski AW, Rubin MA, Foote W (2002) Spatial receptive field organization of macaque V4 neurons. Cereb Cortex 12:601-616.
72. Ramachandran VS, Ruskin D, Cobb S, Rogers-Ramachandran D, Tyler CW (1994) On the perception of illusory contours. Vis Res 34:3145-3152.
73. Ramsden BM, Hung CP, Roe AW (2001) Real and illusory contour processing in area V1 of the primate: a cortical balancing act. Cereb Cortex 11:648-665.
74. Riesenhuber M, Poggio T (1999) Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex. Nat Neurosci 2:1019-1025.
75. Ringach DL, Shapley R (1996) Spatial and temporal properties of illusory contours and amodal boundary completion. Vision Res 36:3037-3050.
76. Rubin N, Nakayama K, Shapley R (1996) Enhanced perception of illusory contours in the lower versus upper visual hemifields. Science 271: 651-653.
77. Rust NC, Dicarlo JJ (2010) Selectivity and tolerance ("invariance") both increase as visual information propagates from cortical area V4 to IT. J Neurosci 30:12978-12995.
78. Rust NC, Mante V, Simoncelli EP, Movshon JA (2006) How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns. Nat Neurosci 9:1421-1431.
79. Sáry G, Vogels R, Orban GA (1993) Cue-invariant shape selectivity of macaque inferior temporal neurons. Science 260:995-997.
80. Sáry G, Chadaide Z, Tompa T, Köteles K, Kovács GY, Benedek G (2007) Illusory shape representationinthe monkey inferior temporal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 25:2558-2564.
81. Schiessl I, Wang W, McLoughlin N (2008) Independent components of the haemodynamic response in intrinsic optical imaging. Neuroimage 39:634-646.
82. Schiller PH, Lee K (1991) The role of the primate extrastriate area V4 in vision. Science 251:1251-1253.
83. Seghier ML, Vuilleumier P (2006) Functional neuroimaging findings on the human perception of illusory contours. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 30: 595-612.
84. Sheth BR, Sharma J, Rao SC, Sur M (1996) Orientation maps of subjective contours in visual cortex. Science 274:2110-2115.
85. Shipp S, Zeki S (1985) Segregation ofpathways leading from areaV2toareas V4 and V5 of macaque monkey visual cortex. Nature 315:322-325.
86. Soriano M, Spillmann L, Bach M (1996) The abutting grating illusion. Vision Res 36:109-116.
87. Spillmann L (1999) From elements to perception: local and global processing in visual neurons. Perception 28:1461-1492.
88. Spillmann L, Dresp B (1995) Phenomenaof illusory form: can webridge the gap between levels of explanation? Perception 24:1333-1364.
89. Stanley DA, Rubin N (2003) fMRI activation in response to illusory contours and salient regions in the human lateral occipital complex. Neuron 37:323-331.
90. Swindale NV (1998) Orientation tuning curves: empirical description and estimation of parameters. Biol Cybern 78:45-56.
91. Tanigawa H, Lu HD, Roe AW (2010) Functional organization for color and orientation in macaque V4. Nat Neurosci 13:1542-1548.
92. Tśo DY, Frostig RD, Lieke EE, Grinvald A (1990) Functional organization of primate visual cortex revealed by high resolution optical imaging. Science 249:417-420.
93. Ungerleider LG, Galkin TW, Desimone R, Gattass R (2008) Cortical connections of area V4 in the macaque. Cereb Cortex 18:477-499.
94. Vogels R, Orban GA (1987) Illusory contour orientation discrimination. Vis Res 27:453-467.
95. von der Heydt R, Peterhans E (1989) Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. I. Lines of pattern discontinuity. J Neurosci 9:1731-1748.
96. von der Heydt R, Peterhans E, Baumgartner G (1984) Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses. Science 224:1260-1262.
97. Westheimer G, Li W (1997) Classifying illusory contours: edges defined by "pacman" and monocular tokens. J Neurophysiol 77:731-736.
98. Xiao Y, Zych A, Felleman DJ (1999) Segregation and convergence of functionally defined V2 thin stripe and interstripe compartment projections to area V4 of macaques. Cereb Cortex 9:792-804.
99. Zhan CA, Baker Jr CL (2008) Critical spatial frequencies for illusory contour processing in early visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 18:1029-1041.