Histone deacetylase inhibitors as suppressors of bone destruction in inflammatory diseases

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Volumn 64, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 763-774

  Cantley, Melissa D ^a   Bartold, Peter M ^a   Fairlie, David P ^b   Rainsford, K D ^c   Haynes, David R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

arthritic diseases; bone resorption; histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors; osteoclasts; periodontitis

Indexed keywords

11794B; 266412; 4 PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CD20 ANTIBODY; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN; DENOSUMAB; DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG; ENTINOSTAT; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; ROMIDEPSIN; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TRICHOSTATIN A; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VORINOSTAT;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTHRITIS; BONE ATROPHY; BONE DESTRUCTION; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CORTICOSTEROID INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS; DEMYELINATION; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; JAW OSTEONECROSIS; NONHUMAN; OSTEOCLAST; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; PERIODONTITIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANIMALS; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; BONE AND BONES; BONE DENSITY CONSERVATION AGENTS; BONE RESORPTION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; OSTEOCLASTS; PERIODONTITIS;

EID: 84861095621     PISSN: 00223573     EISSN: 20427158     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01421.x     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Haynes DR,. Emerging and future therapies for the treatment of bone loss associated with chronic inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2006; 14: 193-197. (Pubitemid 46025533)
2. Haynes DR,. Inflammatory cells and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9: 104-106.
3. Leibbrandt A, Penninger JM,. RANK/RANKL: regulators of immune responses and bone physiology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1143: 123-150.
4. Soltanoff CS, et al,. Signaling networks that control the lineage commitment and differentiation of bone cells. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2009; 19: 1-46.
5. Holding CA, et al,. The correlation of RANK, RANKL and TNFalpha expression with bone loss volume and polyethylene wear debris around hip implants. Biomaterials 2006; 27: 5212-5219. (Pubitemid 44080301)
6. Haynes DR, Crotti TN,. Regulation of bone lysis in inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2003; 11: 323-331. (Pubitemid 38175942)
7. Herman S, et al,. Molecular mechanisms of inflammatory bone damage: emerging targets for therapy. Trends Mol Med 2008; 14: 245-253. Epub 2008 May 9.
8. Masuya K, Teno N,. Small molecules for bone diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20: 563-582.
9. Schett G, et al,. How antirheumatic drugs protect joints from damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58: 2936-2948.
10. Rubin J, Greenfield E,. Osteoclast: Origin and Differentiation. London: Springer-Verlag, 2005.
11. Boyle WJ, et al,. Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 2003; 423: 337-342. (Pubitemid 40852708)
12. Lerner UH,. Osteoclast formation and resorption. Matrix Biol 2000; 19: 107-120. (Pubitemid 30332434)
13. Cantley M, et al,. Pathogenic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Int J Clin Rheumatol 2009; 4: 561-582.
14. Bartold PM, et al,. Mechanisms and control of pathologic bone loss in periodontitis. Periodontology 2000 2010; 53: 55-69.
15. Findlay DM, Haynes DR,. Mechanisms of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2005; 15: 232-240. (Pubitemid 41236270)
16. Kuratani T, et al,. Induction of abundant osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in adjuvant arthritic rats with accompanying disordered high bone turnover. Histol Histopathol 1998; 13: 751-759. (Pubitemid 28329179)
17. Suzuki Y, et al,. Osteoclast-like cells in murine collagen induced arthritis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 1154-1160. (Pubitemid 28350891)
18. Fujikawa Y, et al,. Human osteoclast formation and bone resorption by monocytes and synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1996; 55: 816-822. (Pubitemid 26392281)
19. Haynes DR, et al,. Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) regulate osteoclast formation by cells in the human rheumatoid arthritic joint. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40: 623-630.
20. Pettit AR, et al,. TRANCE/RANKL knockout mice are protected from bone erosion in a serum transfer model of arthritis. Am J Pathol 2001; 159: 1689-1699. (Pubitemid 33062512)
21. Redlich K, et al,. Osteoclasts are essential for TNF-alpha-mediated joint destruction. J Clin Invest 2002; 110: 1419-1427. (Pubitemid 35396913)
22. Suzuki Y, et al,. Osteoclast-like cells in an in vitro model of bone destruction by rheumatoid synovium. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40: 673-682.
23. Toritsuka Y, et al,. Osteoclastogenesis in iliac bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 1690-1696. (Pubitemid 27394503)
24. Leibbrandt A, Penninger JM,. RANK(L) as a key target for controlling bone loss. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009; 647: 130-145.
25. Roman-Blas JA, Jimenez SA,. NF-kappaB as a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14: 839-848. Epub 2006 May 26. (Pubitemid 44138675)
26. Hofbauer LC, Heufelder AE,. Role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin in bone cell biology. J Mol Med 2001; 79: 243-253. (Pubitemid 32646379)
27. Crotti T, et al,. Receptor activator NF kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2003; 38: 380-387. (Pubitemid 37465544)
28. Crotti TN, et al,. Variability of RANKL and osteoprotegerin staining in synovial tissue from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: quantification using color video image analysis. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 2319-2324. (Pubitemid 37413887)
29. Cantley M, et al,. Compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases in class I and class II effectively suppress human osteoclasts in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2011; 22: 22684.
30. Kim HN, et al,. Trichostatin A inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the induction of c-Fos by RANKL. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 623: 22-29. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
31. Nakamura T, et al,. Inhibition of histone deacetylase suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction by inducing IFN-beta production. J Immunol 2005; 175: 5809-5816. (Pubitemid 41508065)
32. Combe B,. Progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2009; 23: 59-69.
33. Reumann MK, et al,. Musculoskeletal molecular imaging: a comprehensive overview. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28: 93-101. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
34. Schett G, et al,. From bone biology to clinical outcome: state of the art and future perspectives. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69: 1415-1419.
35. Yamamoto K, et al,. Inhibitory effect of bone resorption and inflammation with etidronate therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for 3 years and in vitro assay in arthritis models. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26: 627-632. Epub 2005 Aug 27.
36. Heiberg MS, et al,. The comparative one-year performance of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: results from a longitudinal, observational, multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 59: 234-240. (Pubitemid 351272960)
37. Nakahara H, Nishimoto N,. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody therapy in rheumatic diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2006; 6: 373-381. (Pubitemid 44941925)
38. Mohan N, et al,. Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 2862-2869. (Pubitemid 34016206)
39. Maini RN, et al,. Sustained improvement over two years in physical function, structural damage, and signs and symptoms among patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50: 1051-1065. (Pubitemid 38480815)
40. Kristensen LE, et al,. Impact of concomitant DMARD therapy on adherence to treatment with etanercept and infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Results from a six-year observational study in southern Sweden. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8: R174.
41. Keane J,. TNF-blocking agents and tuberculosis: new drugs illuminate an old topic. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 714-720. Epub 2005 Mar 1. (Pubitemid 41487198)
42. Ledingham J, et al,. British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommendations for assessing risk and managing tuberculosis in patients due to start anti-TNF-{alpha} treatments. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 1205-1206. (Pubitemid 41487949)
43. Winthrop KL, et al,. Tuberculosis associated with therapy against tumor necrosis factor alpha. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 2968-2974. (Pubitemid 41447075)
44. Bergstrom L, et al,. Increased risk of coccidioidomycosis in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50: 1959-1966. (Pubitemid 38725108)
45. Slifman NR, et al,. Listeria monocytogenes infection as a complication of treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agents. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 319-324. (Pubitemid 36277998)
46. Fleishmann RM,. Safety of anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (r-metHuIL-1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and comparison to anti-TNF-alpha agents. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 5 (SUPPL. 27): S35-S41. (Pubitemid 35174752)
47. Choy EH, et al,. A two year randomised controlled trial of intramuscular depot steroids in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis who have shown an incomplete response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 1288-1293. Epub 2005 Mar 10. (Pubitemid 41206244)
48. Donahue KE, et al,. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of disease-modifying medications for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 2008; 148: 124-134. Epub 2007 Nov 19. (Pubitemid 351651555)
49. Strand V, Sokolove J,. Randomized controlled trial design in rheumatoid arthritis: the past decade. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11: 205. Epub 2009 Jan 30.
50. Bansback NJ, et al,. An overview of economic evaluations for drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonists. Drugs 2005; 65: 473-496. (Pubitemid 40469553)
51. Klinkhoff A,. Biological agents for rheumatoid arthritis: targeting both physical function and structural damage. Drugs 2004; 64: 1267-1283. (Pubitemid 38916341)
52. Habib GS, et al,. Local effects of intra-articular corticosteroids. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29: 347-356. Epub 2010 Jan 26.
53. De Vries F, et al,. Fracture risk with intermittent high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 208-214. (Pubitemid 46106193)
54. Van Staa TP, et al,. Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. June, 2000. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20: 1487-1494. discussion 1486.
55. Kean WF, Buchanan WW,. The use of NSAIDs in rheumatic disorders 2005: a global perspective. Inflammopharmacology 2005; 13: 343-370. (Pubitemid 41617798)
56. Beck A, et al,. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the perioperative phase in traumatology and orthopedics effects on bone healing. Oper Orthop Traumatol 2005; 17: 569-578. (Pubitemid 43124726)
57. Engelhardt G,. Pharmacology of meloxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an improved safety profile through preferential inhibition of COX-2. Br J Rheumatol 1996; 35 (SUPPL. 1): 4-12.
58. Howell TH, Williams RC,. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of periodontal disease progression. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1993; 4: 177-196. (Pubitemid 23103291)
59. Van Dyke TE,. The management of inflammation in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2008; 79 (8 SUPPL.): 1601-1608.
60. Breuil V, Euller-Ziegler L,. Bisphosphonate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2006; 73: 349-354. Epub 2006 Mar 15.
61. Ficarra G, et al,. Osteonecrosis of the jaws in periodontal patients with a history of bisphosphonates treatment. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 1123-1128. (Pubitemid 41499467)
62. Borromeo GL, et al,. A review of the clinical implications of bisphosphonates in dentistry. Aust Dent J 2011; 56: 2-9; doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01283.x. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
63. Deodhar A, et al,. Denosumab-mediated increase in hand bone mineral density associated with decreased progression of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62: 569-574.
64. Sharp JT, et al,. Denosumab prevents metacarpal shaft cortical bone loss in patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62: 537-544.
65. Perrone M,. FDA clears Amgen's bone-strengthening drug Prolia. Biosci Technol 2010; URL: [accessed on 3 June 2011].
66. Cohen SB, et al,. Denosumab treatment effects on structural damage, bone mineral density, and bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis: a twelve-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58: 1299-1309. (Pubitemid 351705919)
67. Huber LC, et al,. Epigenetics in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 3523-3531. (Pubitemid 350100685)
68. Blanchard F, Chipoy C,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: new drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases? Drug Discov Today 2005; 10: 197-204. (Pubitemid 40222231)
69. Choo QY, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: new hope for rheumatoid arthritis? Curr Pharm Des 2008; 14: 803-820. (Pubitemid 351751810)
70. Grabiec AM, et al,. Targeting histone deacetylase activity in rheumatoid arthritis and asthma as prototypes of inflammatory disease: should we keep our HATs on? Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10: 226. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
71. Clark IM, et al,. Acetylation in the regulation of metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases gene expression. Front Biosci 2007; 12: 528-535. (Pubitemid 46852803)
72. Fosang AJ, Little CB,. Drug insight: aggrecanases as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2008; 4: 420-427. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
73. Halili MA, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in inflammatory disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2009; 9: 309-319.
74. Iliopoulos D, et al,. Epigenetic regulation of leptin affects MMP-13 expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: possible molecular target for osteoarthritis therapeutic intervention. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66: 1616-1621. Epub 2007 May 14. (Pubitemid 350205450)
75. Imre G, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress the inducibility of nuclear factor-kappaB by tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor-1 down-regulation. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 5409-5418. (Pubitemid 43844968)
76. Young DA, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors modulate metalloproteinase gene expression in chondrocytes and block cartilage resorption. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7: R503-R512. Epub 2005 Feb 22.
77. Butler LM, et al,. The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA arrests cancer cell growth, up-regulates thioredoxin-binding protein-2, and down-regulates thioredoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99: 11700-11705. (Pubitemid 34994462)
78. Farrajota K, et al,. Inhibition of interleukin-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in human synovial fibroblasts by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 through a histone deacetylase-independent mechanism. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 94-104. (Pubitemid 40129237)
79. Huang L,. Targeting histone deacetylases for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209: 611-616. (Pubitemid 44665677)
80. Morinobu A, et al,. Trichostatin A cooperates with Fas-mediated signal to induce apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 1052-1060. (Pubitemid 43825452)
81. Manabe H, et al,. Inhibition of histone deacetylase down-regulates the expression of hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor by rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Inflamm Res 2008; 57: 4-10.
82. Takada Y, et al,. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid potentiates apoptosis, inhibits invasion, and abolishes osteoclastogenesis by suppressing nuclear factor-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 5612-5622. (Pubitemid 43847658)
83. Huber LC, et al,. Histone deacetylase/acetylase activity in total synovial tissue derived from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 1087-1093. (Pubitemid 46608633)
84. Kawabata T, et al,. Increased activity and expression of histone deacetylase 1 in relation to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: R133.
85. Bhavsar P, et al,. The role of histone deacetylases in asthma and allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121: 580-584. Epub 2008 Jan 30.
86. de Ruijter A, et al,. Histone deacetylases: characterization of the classical HDAC family. Biochem J 2002; 370 (Pt 3): 737-749. (Pubitemid 36399066)
87. Monneret C,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40: 1-13. (Pubitemid 40092373)
88. Horiuchi M, et al,. Expression and function of histone deacetylases in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 1580-1589. Epub 2009 Jun 16.
89. Rivadeneira F, et al,. Twenty bone-mineral-density loci identified by large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 2009; 41: 1199-1206. Epub 2009 Oct 4.
90. Kim JH, et al,. RANKL induces NFATc1 acetylation and stability via histone acetyltransferases during osteoclast differentiation. Biochem J 2011; 18: 18.
91. Rahman MM, et al,. Two histone deacetylase inhibitors, trichostatin A and sodium butyrate, suppress differentiation into osteoclasts but not into macrophages. Blood 2003; 101: 3451-3459.
92. Kahnberg P, et al,. Design, synthesis, potency, and cytoselectivity of anticancer agents derived by parallel synthesis from alpha-aminosuberic acid. J Med Chem 2006; 49: 7611-7622. (Pubitemid 46033654)
93. Suzuki T, et al,. Highly potent and selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors designed based on a small-molecular substrate. J Med Chem 2006; 49: 4809-4812. (Pubitemid 44201038)
94. Lin HS, et al,. Anti-rheumatic activities of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in vivo in collagen-induced arthritis in rodents. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150: 862-872. Epub 2007 Feb 26.
95. Chung YL, et al,. A therapeutic strategy uses histone deacetylase inhibitors to modulate the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Ther 2003; 8: 707-717.
96. Zhou X, et al,. Trichostatin differentially regulates Th1 and Th2 responses and alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in mice. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31: 395-405.
97. Nasu Y, et al,. Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suppresses synovial inflammation and subsequent cartilage destruction in a collagen antibody-induced arthritis mouse model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16: 723-732. Epub 2008 Jan 15.
98. Chung YL, et al,. A therapeutic strategy uses histone deacetylase inhibitors to modulate the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Ther 2003; 8: 707-717.
99. Misaki K, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibition alters dendritic cells to assume a tolerogenic phenotype and ameliorates arthritis in SKG mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13: R77.
100. Joosten LA, et al,. Inhibition of HDAC activity by ITF2357 ameliorates joint inflammation and prevents cartilage and bone destruction in experimental arthritis. Mol Med 2011; 17: 391-396.
101. Saouaf SJ, et al,. Deacetylase inhibition increases regulatory T cell function and decreases incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87: 99-104.
102. Cantley MD, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and periodontal bone loss. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46: 697-703.
103. Yi T, et al,. Trichostatin A-mediated upregulation of p21(WAF1) contributes to osteoclast apoptosis. Exp Mol Med 2007; 39: 213-221. (Pubitemid 46683407)
104. Cantley MD, et al,. The use of live-animal micro-computed tomography to determine the effect of a novel phospholipase A2 inhibitor on alveolar bone loss in an in vivo mouse model of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44: 317-322.
105. Duncan HF, et al,. HDACi: cellular effects, opportunities for restorative dentistry. J Dent Res 2011; 2: 2.
106. Cantley MD, et al,. Pre-existing periodontitis exacerbates experimental arthritis in a mouse model. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 532-541.
107. Bartold PM, et al,. Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation on the development of rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 405-411.
108. Bartold PM, et al,. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a review. J Periodontol 2005; 76 (11 SUPPL.): 2066-2074. (Pubitemid 41748955)
109. Bartold PM, Mariotti AJ,. Association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Chapter 13. In:, Genco RJ, Williams RC, eds. Periodontal Disease and Overall Health: A Clinician's Guide. Yardley, PA: Professional Audience Communications Inc., 2010: 179-195.
110. Kim HN, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 stimulates bone formation in part by enhancing Dhx36-mediated TNAP transcription. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 16: 426.
111. Lee HW, et al,. Histone deacetylase 1-mediated histone modification regulates osteoblast differentiation. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20: 2432-2443. Epub 2006 May 25. (Pubitemid 44496412)
112. Schroeder TM, Westendorf JJ,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote osteoblast maturation. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20: 2254-2263. Epub 2005 Aug 8. (Pubitemid 41698788)
113. McGee-Lawrence ME, et al,. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat) causes bone loss by inhibiting immature osteoblasts. Bone 2011; 48: 1117-1126. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
114. Piekarz RL, et al,. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and demethylating agents: clinical development of histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Cancer J 2007; 13: 30-39.