Assessment of best management practices for nutrient cycling: A case study on an organic farm in a Mediterranean-type climate

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

Volumn 67, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 16-31

  Smukler, S M ^a   O'Geen, A T ^b   Jackson, L E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION   (United States)

Author keywords

Best management practices; Cover crops; Nutrient cycling; Organic farming; Tailwater pond; Tradeoffs

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL EMISSION; BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; COVER CROP; CROP PRODUCTION; DISCHARGE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY; ION EXCHANGE; LEACHING; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; NITRATE; NITROUS OXIDE; NUTRIENT CYCLING; ORGANIC FARMING; RUNOFF; STORMWATER; SURFACE WATER; SUSPENDED LOAD; TRADE-OFF; VEGETABLE; WATER QUALITY;

CALIFORNIA; UNITED STATES; YOLO COUNTY;

LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM;

EID: 84861075880     PISSN: 00224561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2489/jswc.67.1.16     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Allen, R.G., L.S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Food and Agriculture Organization Irrigation and Drainage paper 56 FAO. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
2. Andrews, W.F. 1972. Soil Survey of Yolo County, California. USDA Soil Conservation Service.
3. Aronsson, H., G. Torstensson, and L. Bergstrom. 2007. Leaching and crop uptake of N, P and K from organic and conventional cropping systems on a clay soil. Soil Use and Management 23:71-81. (Pubitemid 46376255)
4. AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center. 2010. AVRDC International Cooperators' Fact Sheet. http://www.avrdc.org/LC/tomato/stemrot.html.
5. Baggs, E.M., C.A. Watson, and R.M. Rees. 2000. The fate of nitrogen from incorporated cover crop and green manure residues. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 56:153-163. (Pubitemid 30144174)
6. Bajwa, S.G., and M. Mozaffari. 2007. Effect of N availability on vegetative index of cotton canopy: A spatial regression approach. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 50:1883-1892. (Pubitemid 350125127)
7. Bajwa, S.G., and E.D. Vories. 2007. Spatial analysis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) canopy responses to irrigation in a moderately humid area. Irrigation Science 25:429-441. (Pubitemid 47024729)
8. Berg, R.D., and D.L. Carter. 1980. Furrow erosion and sediment losses on irrigated cropland. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 35(6):267-270.
9. Berry, P.M., R. Sylvester-Bradley, L. Philipps, D.J. Hatch, S.P. Cuttle, F.W. Rayns, and P. Gosling. 2002. Is the productivity of organic farms restricted by the supply of available nitrogen? Soil Use and Management 18:248-255.
10. Bjorneberg, D.L., D.T. Westermann, and J.K. Aase. 2002. Nutrient losses in surface irrigation runoff. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(524):524-529. (Pubitemid 36080596)
11. Blake, G.R., and K.H. Hartge. 1986. Bulk Density. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, Monograph Number 9, 2nd Edition, A. Klute, ed., 364-367, Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Inc.
12. Brye, K.R., J.M. Norman, L.G. Bundy, and S.T. Gower. 2001. Nitrogen and carbon leaching in agroecosystems and their role in denitrification potential. Journal of Environmental Quality 30:58-70. (Pubitemid 32183307)
13. Burger, M., and L.E. Jackson. 2003. Microbial immobilization of ammonium and nitrate in relation to ammonification and nitrification rates in organic and conventional cropping systems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 35:29-36. (Pubitemid 36339457)
14. Casanoves, F., R. Macchiavelli, and M. Balzarini. 2005. Error variation in multienvironment peanut trials: Within-trial spatial correlation and between-trial heterogeneity. Crop Science 45:1927-1933. (Pubitemid 41361447)
15. Clark, M.S., W.R. Horwath, C. Shennan, K.M. Scow, W.T. Lanini, and H. Ferris. 1999. Nitrogen, weeds and water as yield-limiting factors in conventional, low-input, and organic tomato systems. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 73:257-270. (Pubitemid 29303177)
16. Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg, and A.D. Eaton. 1998. Method 2540 B. (Total Solids), Method 2540 C. (Total Dissolved Solids) and Method 2540 D. (Total Suspended Solids) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association.
17. Dabney, S.M. 1998. Cover crop impacts on watershed hydrology. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 53(3):207-213. (Pubitemid 30033769)
18. Dabney, S.M., J.A. Delgado, and D.W. Reeves. 2001. Using winter cover crops to improve soil and water quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 32:1221-1250. (Pubitemid 32646110)
19. Dale, V.H., and S. Polasky. 2007. Measures of the effects of agricultural practices on ecosystem services. Ecological Economics 64:286-296. (Pubitemid 350181369)
20. Davis, L. 1994. A Handbook of Constructed Wetlands A Guide to Creating Wetlands for: Agricultural Wastewater, Domestic Wastewater, Coal Mine Drainage, Stormwater in the Mid-Atlantic Region, Volume 1: General Considerations. Prepared for the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region III in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources.
21. DeFries, R., G. Asner, and R. Houghton. 2004. Trade-offs in land-use decisions: Towards a framework for assessing multiple ecosystem responses to land use change. In Ecosystems and Land Use Change, Vol. 153, ed. R. DeFries, et al.,1-12.Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
22. Eichler-Lobermann, B., S. Kohne, B. Kowalski, and E. Schnug. 2008. Effect of catch cropping on phosphorus bioavailability in comparison to organic and inorganic fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31:659-676. (Pubitemid 351489501)
23. Eshel, G., G.J. Levy, U. Mingelgrin, and M.J. Singer. 2004. Critical evaluation of the use of laser diffraction for particle-size distribution analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68:736-743. (Pubitemid 38653590)
24. Foster, J.C. 1995. Soil nitrogen. In Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, ed. K. Alef and P. Nannipieri, 79-87. San Diego: Academic Press.
25. Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland, ed. 2007. Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York: Cambridge University Press.
26. Fujii, R., A.J. Ranalli, G.R. Aiken, and B.A. Bergamaschi. 1998. Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations and Compositions, and Trihalomethane Formation Potentials in Waters from Agricultural Peat Soils, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California: Implications for Drinking- Water Quality. US Geological Survey.
27. Goncalves, E., A.S. Aubyn, and A. Martins. 2007. Mixed spatial models for data analysis of yield on large grapevine selection field trials. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 115:653-663. (Pubitemid 47313046)
28. Harrison, J., and P. Matson. 2003. Patterns and controls of nitrous oxide emissions from waters draining a subtropical agricultural valley. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17:1080.
29. Harrison, J.A., P.A. Matson, and S.E. Fendorf. 2005. Effects of a diel oxygen cycle on nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas emissions in a eutrophied subtropical stream. Aquatic Sciences 67:308-315. (Pubitemid 41367208)
30. Hartz, T.K. 2006. Vegetable production best management practices to minimize nutrient loss. Horttechnology 16:398-403. (Pubitemid 43955671)
31. Helsel, D.R., and R.M. Hirsch. 1993. Statistical Methods in Water Resources. New York: Elsevier.
32. Hoffland, E., R. Vandenboogaard, J. Nelemans, and G. Findenegg. 1992. Biosynthesis and root exudation of citic and malic-acids in phosphate-starved rape plants. New Phytologist 122:675-680.
33. Hutchinson, G.L., and G.P. Livingston. 1993. Use of chamber systems to measure trace gas fluxes., In Agricultural ecosystem effects on trace gases and global climate change, Vol. ASA Special Publication no. 55, ed. D.E. Rolston. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.
34. Jackson, L.E., I. Ramirez, R. Yokota, S.A. Fennimore, S.T. Koike, D.M. Henderson, W.E. Chaney, F.J. Calderon, and K. Klonsky. 2004. On-farm assessment of organic matter and tillage management on vegetable yield, soil, weeds, pests, and economics in California. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 103:443-463. (Pubitemid 38893879)
35. Jackson, L.E., L.J. Wyland, and L.J. Stivers. 1993. Winter cover crops to minimize nitrate losses in intensive lettuce production. Journal of Agricultural Science 121:55-62. (Pubitemid 24393636)
36. Johnson, J.M.F., D.C. Reicosky, R.R. Allmaras, T.J. Sauer, R.T. Venterea, and C.J. Dell. 2005. Greenhouse gas contributions and mitigation potential of agriculture in the central USA. Soil & Tillage Research 83:73-94. (Pubitemid 40817055)
37. Jordan, N., G. Boody, W. Broussard, J.D. Glover, D. Keeney, B.H. McCown, G. McIsaac, M. Muller, H. Murray, J. Neal, C. Pansing, R.E. Turner, K. Warner, and D. Wyse. 2007. Environment - sustainable development of the agricultural bio-economy. Science 316:1570-1571. (Pubitemid 46982016)
38. Joyce, B.A., W.W. Wallender, J.P. Mitchell, L.M. Huyck, S.R. Temple, P.N. Brostrom, and T.C. Hsiao. 2002. Infiltration and soil water storage under winter cover cropping in California's Sacramento Valley. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 45:315-326. (Pubitemid 36108008)
39. Kadlec, R.H. 2005. Nitrogen farming for pollution control. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part a-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 40:1307-1330. (Pubitemid 40677493)
40. Kadlec, R.H., and R.L. Knight. 1996. Treatment Wetlands. New York: Lewis Publishers.
41. Kenward, M.G., and J.H. Roger. 1997. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 53:983-997. (Pubitemid 27391027)
42. Kong, A.Y.Y., J. Six, D.C. Bryant, R.F. Denison, and C. van Kessel. 2005. The relationship between carbon input, aggregation, and soil organic carbon stabilization in sustainable cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69:1078-1085. (Pubitemid 41033662)
43. Lee, J.J., and D.L. Phillips. 1993. The effect of trends in tillage practices on erosion and carbon content of soils in the United-States Corn-Belt. Water Air and Soil Pollution 70:389-401.
44. Marschner, P., Z. Solaiman, and Z. Rengel. 2007. Brassica genotypes differ in growth, phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties under P-limiting conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 39:87-98. (Pubitemid 44738901)
45. McSwiney, C.P., and G.P. Robertson. 2005. Nonlinear response of N2O flux to incremental fertilizer addition in a continuous maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system. Global Change Biology 11:1712-1719. (Pubitemid 43904685)
46. Miranda, K.M., M.G. Espey, and D.A. Wink. 2001. A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide-Biology and Chemistry 5:62-71. (Pubitemid 34146173)
47. Murphy, J., and J.P. Riley. 1958. A single-solution method for the determination of soluble phosphate in seawater. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 37:9-14.
48. Mutchler, C.K., and L.L. Mcdowell. 1990. Soil loss from cotton with winter cover crops. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 33:432-436. (Pubitemid 20733549)
49. Nelson, N.O., and R.R. Janke. 2007. Phosphorus sources and management in organic production systems. Horttechnology 17:442-454. (Pubitemid 47460988)
50. Olsen, S.R., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus, In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, ASA Monograph Number 9, ed. A.L. Page, 403-430. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
51. Rhoades, J.D. 1982. Soluble salts, In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, ASA Monograph Number 9 ed. A.L. Page, 167-179. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
52. Robertson, G.P., E.A. Paul, and R.R. Harwood. 2000. Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: Contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. Science 289:1922-1925.
53. Sanchez-Martin, L., A. Arce, A. Benito, L. Garcia-Torres, and A. Vallejo. 2008. Influence of drip and furrow irrigation systems on nitrogen oxide emissions from a horticultural crop. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 40:1698-1706.
54. Sarkodie-Addo, J., H.C. Lee, and E.M. Baggs. 2003. Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues. Soil Use and Management 19:331-339. (Pubitemid 38105696)
55. Saunders, D.L., and J. Kalff. 2001. Nitrogen retention in wetlands, lakes and rivers. Hydrobiologia 443:205-212. (Pubitemid 32442340)
56. Schwankl, L.J., T.L. Prichard, and B.R. Hanson. 2007. Tailwater Return Systems, Reducing Runoff From Irrigated Lands, Publication 8225. ANR University of California.
57. Self, S.G., and K.Y. Liang. 1987. Asymptotic properties of maximum-likelihood estimators and likelihood ratio tests under nonstandard conditions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 82:605-610.
58. Shipitalo, M.J., and W.M. Edwards. 1998. Runoff and erosion control with conservation tillage and reduced-input practices on cropped watersheds. Soil & Tillage Research 46:1-12. (Pubitemid 28320351)
59. Siemens, J., and M. Kaupenjohann. 2004. Comparison of three methods for field measurement of solute leaching in a sandy soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68:1191-1196. (Pubitemid 38927745)
60. Sileika, A.S., and S. Guzys. 2003. Drainage runoff and migration of mineral elements in organic and conventional cropping systems. Agronomie 23:633-641.
61. Smukler, S.M., L.E. Jackson, L. Murphree, R. Yokota, S.T. Koike, and R.F. Smith. 2008. Transition to large-scale organic vegetable production in the Salinas Valley, California. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 126:168-188.
62. Snyder, R.L., M. Orang, K. Bali, and S. Eching. 2007. Basic Irrigation Scheduling (BIS) http://biomet.ucdavis.edu/irrigation-scheduling/bis/BIS.htm.
63. Stark, J.M., and M.K. Firestone. 1995. Mechanisms for soil-moisture effects on activity of nitrifying bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61:218-221.
64. Tanner, C.C., M.L. Nguyen, and J.P.S. Sukias. 2005. Nutrient removal by a constructed wetland treating subsurface drainage from grazed dairy pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 105:145-162. (Pubitemid 39568817)
65. Tonitto, C., M.B. David, and L.E. Drinkwater. 2006. Replacing bare fallows with cover crops in fertilizer-intensive cropping systems: A meta-analysis of crop yield and N dynamics. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 112:58-72. (Pubitemid 41802987)
66. USSL (US Salinity Laboratory). 1954. pH reading of saturated soil paste. In Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, USDA Agricultural Handbook 60, ed. L.A. Richards, 102. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
67. USDA. 1997. United States standards for grades of tomatoes for processing. Agricultural Marketing Service, Fruit and Vegetable Division, Fresh Products Branch.
68. Vazquez, N., A. Pardo, M.L. Suso, and M. Quemada. 2005. A methodology for measuring drainage and nitrate leaching in unevenly irrigated vegetable crops. Plant and Soil 269:297-308. (Pubitemid 40876619)
69. Wagenet, R. 1986. Water and Solute Flux. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods ASA Monograph Number 9, 2nd Edition, ed. A. Klute, 1055-1085. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
70. Watson, C.A., D. Atkinson, P. Gosling, L.R. Jackson, and F.W. Rayns. 2002. Managing soil fertility in organic farming systems. Soil Use and Management 18:239-247.
71. Webster, C.P., M.A. Shepherd, K.W.T. Goulding, and E. Lord. 1993. Comparisons of methods for measuring the leaching of mineral nitrogen from arable land. European Journal of Soil Science 44:49-62. (Pubitemid 24392308)
72. Willson, T.C., E.A. Paul, and R.R. Harwood. 2001. Biologically active soil organic matter fractions in sustainable cropping systems. Applied Soil Ecology 16:63-76. (Pubitemid 32122426)
73. Wolfinger, R. 1993. Covariance structure selection in general mixed models. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation 22:1079-1106.
74. Wyland, L.J., and L.E. Jackson. 1993. Evaluating Nitrate Recovery by Ion-Exchange Resin Bags. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57:1208-1211.
75. Wyland, L.J., L.E. Jackson, W.E. Chaney, K. Klonsky, S.T. Koike, and B. Kimple. 1996. Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: Impacts on nitrate leaching, soil water, crop yield, pests and management costs. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 59:1-17.
76. Yamamura, S., J. Bartram, M. Csanady, H. Gorchev, and A. Redekopp. 2004. Drinking water guidelines and standards. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
77. Zar, J. 1974. Biostatistical Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Simon & Schuster.
78. Zoarelli, L., J.M. Scholberg, M.D. Dukes, and R. Munoz- Carpena. 2007. Monitoring of nitrate leaching in sandy soils: Comparison of three methods. Journal of Environmental Quality 36:953-962. (Pubitemid 47057935)