In situ controlled radical polymerization: A review on synthesis of well-defined nanocomposites

Polymer Reviews

Volumn 52, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 142-188

  Roghani Mamaqani, Hossein ^a   Haddadi Asl, Vahid ^a   Salami Kalajahi, Mehdi ^b  

^a AMIRKABIR UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Iran)

^b SAHAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Click chemistry; Grafting techniques; In situ controlled radical polymerization; Nanocomposite; Surface modifi cation

Indexed keywords

CLICK CHEMISTRY; CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; GRAFTING FROM; GRAFTING ONTO; GRAFTING TECHNIQUES; IN-SITU; NANO-FILLERS; NANOFILLER; POLYMER CHAINS; POLYMER-GRAFTED; SURFACE MODIFICATION METHODS;

ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; FILLERS; FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMERIZATION; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

GRAFTING (CHEMICAL);

EID: 84861041844     PISSN: 15583724     EISSN: 15583716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2012.668153     Document Type: Review

References (156)

1. Krishnamoorti, R.; Vaia, R. A. "Polymer nanocomposites", J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2007, 45, 3252-3256. (Pubitemid 350241739)
2. Schaefer, D. W.; Justice, R. S. "How nano are nanocomposites?", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 8501-8517. (Pubitemid 350241344)
3. Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Najafi,M.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Confinement effect of nanoclay platelets on the kinetics of polystyrene prepared via ATRP", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 123, 409-417.
4. Salami-Kalajahi, M.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Rahimi-Razin, S.; Behboodi-Sadabad, F.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Hemmati, M. "Investigating the effect of pristine and modified silica nanoparticles on the kinetics of methyl methacrylate polymerization", Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 174, 368-375.
5. Khezri, K.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Synthesis of Welldefined Clay Encapsulated Poly (Styrene-co-Butyl acrylate) Nanocomposite Latexes via Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion", J. Polym. Eng. 2012, 32, 111-119.
6. Fujimori, A.; Ninomiya, N.; Masuko, T. "Structure and mechanical properties in drawn poly(llactide)/clay hybrid films", Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 1735-1744.
7. Jang, B. N.; Costache, M.; Wilkie, C. A. "The relationship between thermal degradation behavior of polymer and the fire retardancy of polymer/clay nanocomposites", Polymer 2005, 46,10678-10687. (Pubitemid 41530660)
8. Caruso, F.; Spasova, M.; Susha, A.; Giersig, H.; Caruso, R. A. "Magnetic nanocomposite particles and hollow spheres constructed by a sequential layering approach", Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 109-116. (Pubitemid 32172797)
9. Nazarenko, S.; Meneghetti, P.; Julmon, P.; Olson, B.; Qutubuddin, S. "Gas barrier of polystyrene montmorillonite clay nanocomposites: Effect of mineral layer aggregation", J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys. 2007, 45, 1733-1753. (Pubitemid 47146885)
10. Shia, D.; Hui, C. Y.; Burnside, S. D.; Giannelis, E. P. "An interface model for the prediction of Young's modulus of layered silicate-elastomer nanocomposites", Polym. Compos. 1998, 19, 608-617. (Pubitemid 128593061)
11. Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Najafi, M.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Synthesis and characterization of clay dispersed polystyrene nanocomposite via atom transfer radical polymerization", Polym. Compos. 2010, 31, 1829-1837.
12. Ayres, N. "Atom transfer radical polymerization: A robust and versatile route for polymer synthesis", Polym. Rev. 2011, 51, 138-162.
13. Hatami, L.; Haddadi-Asl,V.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H.;Ahmadian-Alam, L.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Synthesis and characterization of poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposite latexes in miniemulsion by AGET ATRP", Polym. Compos. 2011, 32, 967-975.
14. Khezri, K.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Synthesis and characterization of exfoliated poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite via miniemulsion ATRP: An activators generated by electron transfer approach", Polym. Compos. 2011, 32, 1979-1987.
15. Velasco-Santos, C.; Martinez-Hernandez, A. L.; Fisher, F. T.; Ruoff, R.; Castano, V. M. "Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube composites through chemical functionalization", Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 4470-4475.
16. Gao, L.; Zhou, X.; Ding, Y. "Effective thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube composites", Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 434, 297-300. (Pubitemid 46096918)
17. Zilli, D.; Chiliotte, C.; Escobar, M. M.; Bekeris, V.; Rubiolo, G. R.; Cukierman, A. L.; Goyanes, S. "Magnetic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube-epoxy composites", Polymer 2005, 46, 6090-6095. (Pubitemid 40946396)
18. Sahoo, N. G.; Rana, S.; Cho, J. W.; Li, L.; Chan, S. H. "Polymer nanocomposites based on functionalized carbon nanotubes", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2010, 35, 837-867.
19. Dyke, C. A.; Tour, J. M. "Solvent-free functionalization of carbon nanotubes", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 1156-1157. (Pubitemid 36159812)
20. Sano, M.; Kamino, A.; Okamura, J.; Shinkai, S. "Self-organization of PEO-graft singlewalled carbon nanotubes in solutions and langmuir-blodgett films", Langmuir 2001, 17, 5125-5128. (Pubitemid 35330811)
21. Hajji, P.;David, L.; Gerard, J. F.; Pascault, J. P.;Vigier, G. "Synthesis, structure, and morphology of polymer-silica hybrid nanocomposites based on hydroxyethyl methacrylate", J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 1999, 37, 3172-3187. (Pubitemid 30506904)
22. Jenkins, A. D.; Jones, R. G.; Moad, G. "Terminology for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization previously called "controlled" radical or "living" radical polymerization", Pure Appl. Chem. 2010, 82, 483-491.
23. Zou, H.;Wu, Sh.; Shen, J. "Polymer/silica nanocomposites: Preparation, characterization, properties, and applications", Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 3893-3957.
24. Barus, S.; Zanetti,M.; Lazzari, M.; Costa, L. "Preparation of polymeric hybrid nanocomposites based on PE and nanosilica", Polymer 2009, 50, 2595-2600.
25. Mauger, M.; Dubault, A.; Halary, J. L. "Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of networks based on methacryloxypropyl- grafted nano-silica and methyl methacrylate", Polym. Int. 2004, 53, 378-385. (Pubitemid 38423457)
26. Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhang, R.; Huang, L.; He, W. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosilica/Polyacrylate Composite Latex", Polym. Compos. 2006, 27, 282-288. (Pubitemid 43837540)
27. Bailly,M.; Kontopoulou, M. "Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic lefin/nanosilica composites using a silane-grafted polypropylene matrix", Polymer 2009, 50, 2472-2480.
28. Liu, P. "Modifications of carbon nanotubes with polymers", Europ. Polym. J. 2005, 41, 2693-2703. (Pubitemid 41261583)
29. Mylvaganam, K.; Zhang, L. C. "Nanotube functionalization and polymer grafting: An ab initio study", J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 15009-15012.
30. Kornmann, X.; Lindberg, H.; Berglund, L. A. "Synthesis of epoxy-clay nanocomposites: influence of the nature of the clay on structure", Polymer 2001, 42, 1303-1310. (Pubitemid 33717639)
31. Tasdelen, M. A.; Camp, W. V.; Goethals, E.; Dubois, Ph.; Prez, F. D.; Yagci, Y. "Polytetrahydrofuran/clay nanocomposites by in situ polymerization and "click" chemistry processes", Macromolecules 2008, 41, 6035-6040.
32. Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Najafi, M.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Preparation of tailor-made polystyrene nanocomposite with mixed clay-anchored and free chains via atom transfer radical polymerization", AIChE J 2011, 57, 1873-1881.
33. Isoda,K.;Kuroda, K. "Interlamellar grafting of γ- methacryloxypropylsilyl groups on magadiite and copolymerization with methyl methacrylate", Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 1702-1707.
34. Chen, C.; Liang, B.; Ogino, A.;Wang, X.; Nagatsu, M. "Oxygen functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes by microwave-excited surface-wave plasma treatment", J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 7659-7665.
35. Chen, C.; Ogino, A.; Wang, X.; Nagatsu, M. "Plasma treatment of multiwall carbon nanotubes for dispersion improvement in water", Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 131504-131507.
36. Chen, C.; Liang, B.; Ogino, A.; Wang, X.; Nagatsu, M. "Amino group introduction onto multiwall carbon nanotubes byNH3/Ar plasma treatment", Carbon 2010, 48, 939-948.
37. Shao, D.; Hu, J.; Chen, C.; Sheng, G.; Ren, X.; Wang, X. "Polyaniline multiwalled carbon nanotube magnetic composite prepared by plasma-induced graft technique and its application for removal of aniline and phenol", J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 21524-21530.
38. Arshady, R. "Suspension, emulsion, and dispersion polymerization: A methodological survey", Colloid Polym. Sci. 1992, 270, 717-732.
39. Ritts, A. C.; Yu, Q.; Li, H.; Lombardo, S. J.; Han, X.; Xia, Z.; Lian, J. "Plasma treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for epoxy nanocomposites", Polymers 2011, 3, 2142-2155.
40. Hu, N.; Zhou, H.; Dang, G.; Rao, X.; Chen, C.; Zhang,W. "Efficient dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by in situ polymerization", Polym. Int. 2007, 56, 655-659. (Pubitemid 46638179)
41. Pavlidou, S.; Papaspyrides, C. D. "A reviewon polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2008, 33, 1119-1198.
42. Spitalsky, Z.; Tasis, D.; Papagelis, K.; Galiotis, C. "Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2010, 35, 357-401.
43. Barbey, R.; Lavanant, L.; Paripovic, D.; Schuwer, N.; Sugnaux, C.; Tugulu, S.; Klok, H. A. "Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: Synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications", Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 5437-5527.
44. Yang, F.; Ou, Y. C.; Yu, Z. Z. "Polyamide 6/silica nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 69, 355-361. (Pubitemid 128586335)
45. Zanetti, M.; Lomakina, S.; Camino, G. "Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites", Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2000, 279, 1-9.
46. Alexandre, M.; Dubois, Ph. "Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials", Mater. Sci. Eng. 2000, 28, 1-63.
47. Darbandi, M.; Thomann, R.; Nann, T. "Hollow silica nanospheres: in situ, semi-in situ, and two-step synthesis", Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 1700-1703. (Pubitemid 46608207)
48. Stober, W.; Fink, A.; Bohn, E. J. "Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range", Colloid Interface Sci. 1968, 26, 62-69.
49. Finnie, K. S.; Bartlett, J. R.; Barbe, C. J. A.; Kong, L. "Formation of silica nanoparticles in microemulsions", Langmuir 2007, 23, 3017-3024. (Pubitemid 46450129)
50. Vassiliou, A. A.; Papageorgiou, G. Z.; Achilias, D. S.; Bikiaris, D. N. "Non-iisothermal crystallisation kinetics of in situ prepared poly(ε-caprolactone)/surface-treated SiO2 nanocomposites", Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2007, 208, 364-376. (Pubitemid 47245206)
51. Wu, C. L.; Zhang, M. Q.; Rong, M. Z.; Friedrich, K. "Silica nanoparticles filled polypropylene: Effects of particle surface treatment, matrix ductility and particle species on mechanical performance of the composites", Compos. Sci. Technol. 2005, 65, 635-645. (Pubitemid 40077572)
52. Kim, H. C.; Dubois, G. Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Taylor & Francis, 2005, pp 1-10.
53. Wang, Ch.; Guo, Z. X.; Fu, Sh.; Wu, W.; Zhu, D. "Polymers containing fullerene or carbon nanotube structures", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2004, 29, 1079-1141.
54. Balberg, I.; Naidis, R.; Lee, M. K.; Shinar, J.; Fonseca, L. F. "Bipolar phototransport in piconjugated polymer/C60 composites", Appl. Phys. Let. 2001, 79, 197-199. (Pubitemid 33627577)
55. Braunecker, W. A.; Matyjaszewski, K. "Controlled/living radical polymerization: Features, developments, and perspectives", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2007, 32, 93-146. (Pubitemid 46201961)
56. Szwarc,M.; Levy, M.;Milkovich, R. "Polymerization initiated by electron transfer to monomer. A new method of formation of block copolymers", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 2656-2657.
57. Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Najafi, M.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Preparation of nanoclay-dispersed polystyrene nanofibers via atom transfer radical polymerization and electrospinning", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 120, 1431-1438.
58. Wang Y. P.; Pei, X. W.; He, X. Y.; Yuan, K. "Synthesis of well-defined, polymer-grafted silica nanoparticles via reverse ATRP", Europ. Polym. J. 2005, 41, 1326-1332. (Pubitemid 40539144)
59. Oh, J. K.; Min, K.;Matyjaszewski, K. "Preparation of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate) by homogeneous aqueous AGET ATRP", Macromolecules 2006, 39, 3161-3167. (Pubitemid 43798059)
60. Dong, H.; Matyjaszewski, K. "Thermally responsive P(M(EO)2MA-co-OEOMA) copolymers via AGET ATRP in miniemulsion", Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4623-4628.
61. Chen,H.; Liang,Y.; Liu,D.; Tan, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zheng, M.;Qu, R. "AGETATRP of acrylonitrile with ionic liquids as reaction medium without any additional ligand", Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2010, 30, 605-609.
62. Matyjaszewski, K.;Dong, H.; Jakubowski,W.; Pietrasik, J.;Kusumo, A. "Grafting from surfaces for "Everyone": ARGET ATRP in the presence of air", Langmuir 2007, 23, 4528-4531. (Pubitemid 46643185)
63. Min, K.; Gao, H.; Matyjaszewski, K. "Use of ascorbic acid as reducing agent for synthesis of well-defined polymers by ARGET ATRP", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 1789-1791. (Pubitemid 46502586)
64. Plichta, A.; Li, W.; Matyjaszewski, K. "ICAR ATRP of styrene and methyl methacrylate with Ru(Cp)Cl(PPh3)2", Macromolecules 2009, 42, 2330-2332.
65. Mueller, L.; Jakubowski, W.; Tang, W.; Matyjaszewski, K. "Successful chain extension of polyacrylate and polystyrene macroinitiators with methacrylates in an ARGET and ICAR ATRP", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6464-6472. (Pubitemid 47473998)
66. Matyjaszewski, K. "Macromolecular engineering by controlled/living ionic and radical polymerizations", Macromol. Symp. 2001, 174, 51-68.
67. Murata, H.; Koepsel, R. R.; Matyjaszewski, K.; Russell, A. J. "Permanent, non-leaching antibacterial surfaces 2: how high density cationic surfaces kill bacterial cells?", Biomaterials 2007, 28, 4870-4879. (Pubitemid 47285332)
68. Akeroyd, N.; Klumperman, B. "The combination of living radical polymerization and click chemistry for the synthesis of advanced macromolecular architectures", Eur. Polym. J. 2011, 47, 1207-1231.
69. Monteiro,M. J.; Guliashvili, T.; Percec, V. "Kinetic simulation of single electron transfer-living radical polymerization of methyl acrylate at 25°C", J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2007, 45, 1835-1847. (Pubitemid 46800067)
70. Datta, H.; Singha, N. K.; Bhowmick, A. K. "Structure and properties of tailor-made poly(ethyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposites prepared by in-situ atom transfer radical polymerization", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 108, 2398-2407. (Pubitemid 351613297)
71. Qiu, J.; Charleux, B.; Matyjaszewski, K. "Controlled/living radical polymerization in aqueous media: homogeneous and heterogeneous systems", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26, 2083-2134. (Pubitemid 33094014)
72. Cunningham, M. F. "Controlled/living radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed systems", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2008, 33, 365-398.
73. Zetterlund, P. B.; Kagawa, Y.; Okubo, M. "Controlled/living radical polymerization in dispersed systems", Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 3747-3794.
74. Chen, Y.; Qian, Zh.; Zhang, Zh. "Novel preparation of magnetite/polystyrene composite particles via inverse emulsion polymerization", Colloid Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2008, 312, 209-213. (Pubitemid 350236786)
75. Khezri, Kh.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Synthesis of claydispersed poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite viaminiemulsion atom transfer radical polymerization: A reverse approach", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 124, 2278-2286.
76. Min, K.; Matyjaszewski, K. "Atom transfer radical polymerization in microemulsion", Macromolecules 2005, 38, 8131-8134. (Pubitemid 41476073)
77. Reddy, K. R.; Sin, B. C.;Yoo, C. H.; Sohn, D.; Lee,Y. "Coating of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polymer nanospheres through microemulsion polymerization", J. Colloid Interfce Sci. 2009, 340, 160-165.
78. Botcher, H.; Hallensleben, M. L.; Nuß, S.;Wurm, H.; Bauer, J.; Behrens, P. "Organic/inorganic hybrids by 'living'/controlled ATRP grafting from layered silicates", J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 1351-1354.
79. Zhao, H.; Argoti, S. D.; Farrell, B. P.; Shipp, D. A. "Polymer-silicate nanocomposites produced by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2004, 42, 916-924. (Pubitemid 38245756)
80. Datta, H.; Bhowmick, A. K.; Singha, N. K. "Tailor-made hybrid nanostructure of poly(ethyl acrylate)/clay by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 5014-5027.
81. Behling, R. E.; Williams, B. A.; Staade, B. L.; Wolf, L. M.; Cochran, E. W. "Influence of graft density on kinetics of surface-initiated ATRP of polystyrene from montmorillonite", Macromolecules 2009, 42, 1867-1872.
82. Karesoja, M.; Jokinen, H.; Karjalainen, E.; Pulkkinen, P.; Torkkeli, M.; Soininen, A.; Ruokolainen, J.; Tenhu, H. "Grafting of montmorillonite nano-clay with butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate by atom transfer radical polymerization: blends with poly(BuA-co-MMA)", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 3086-3097.
83. Yenice, Z.; Tasdelen, M. A.;Oral, A.;Guler, C.;Yagci,Y. "Poly(styrene-b-tetrahydrofuran)/clay nanocomposites by mechanistic transformation", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 2190-2197.
84. Li, C. P.; Huang, C. M.; Hsieh, M. T.; Wei, K. H. "Properties of covalently bonded layeredsilicate/polystyrene nanocomposites synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2005, 43, 534-542.
85. Qin, Sh.; Qin, D.; Ford,W. T.; Resasco, D. E.; Herrera, J. E. "Polymer brushes on single-walled carbon nanotubes by atom transfer radical polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 170-176. (Pubitemid 38090358)
86. Kong, H.; Gao, Ch.; Yan, D. "Controlled functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 412-413. (Pubitemid 38084592)
87. Kong, H.; Li, W.; Gao, Ch.; Yan, D.; Jin, Y.; Walton, D. R. M.; Kroto, H. W. "Poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)-coated carbon nanotubes: Temperature-sensitive molecular nanohybrids in water", Macromolecules 2004, 37, 6683-6686.
88. Yao, Zh.; Braidy, N.; Botton, G. A.; Adronov, A. "Polymerization from the surface of singlewalled carbon nanotubes: Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 16015-16024. (Pubitemid 37553719)
89. Chen, Y.; Wang, Ch.; Chen, J.; Liu, X.; Ton, G. Z. "Growth of lightly crosslinked PHEMA brushes and capsule formation using pickering emulsion interface-initiated ATRP", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 1354-1367.
90. Carrot, G.; Diamanti, S.; Manuszak, M.; Charleux, B.; Vairon, J. "Atom transfer radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate from silica nanoparticles", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 4294-4301. (Pubitemid 33122984)
91. Harrak, A. E.;Carrot, G.;Oberdisse, J.; Jestin, J.; Boue, F. "Atom transfer radical polymerization from silica nanoparticles using the "grafting from" method and structural study via small-angle neutron scattering", Polymer 2005, 46, 1095-1104. (Pubitemid 40143291)
92. Wang, Y. P.; Pei, X. W.; Yuan, K. "Reverse ATRP grafting from silica surface to prepare well-defined organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite", Mater. Lett. 2005, 59, 520-523.
93. B̈ottcher, H.; Hallensleben, M. L.; Nuß, S.; Wurm, H. "ATRP grafting from silica surface to create first and second generation of grafts", Polym. Bullet. 2000, 44, 223-229.
94. Ahmadian-Alam, L.; Haddadi-Asl,V.; Roghani-Mamaqani,H.; Hatami, L.; Salami-Kalajahi, M. "Use of clay-anchored reactive modifier for the synthesis of poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposite via in situ AGET ATRP", J. Polym. Res. 2012, 19, 9773.
95. Zeng, Ch.; Lee, L. J. "Poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene/clay nanocomposites prepared by in-Situ polymerization", Macromolecules 2001, 34, 4098-4103. (Pubitemid 34216854)
96. Beija, M.; Marty, J. D.; Destarac, M. "RAFT/MADIX polymers for the preparation of polymer/inorganic nanohybrids", Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011, 36, 845-886.
97. Barner, L.; Quinn, J. F.; Barner-Kowollik, Ch.; Vana, Ph.; Davis, T. P. "Reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer polymerization initiated with γ-radiation at ambient temperature: An overview", Europ. Polym. J. 2003, 39, 449-459.
98. Qu, Y. Z.; Su, Y. N.; Sun, J. S.; Wang, K. C. "Preparation of poly(styrene-blockacrylamide)/organic montmorillonite nanocomposites via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110, 387-391.
99. Baum, M.; Brittain, W. J. "Synthesis of polymer brushes on silicate substrates via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer technique", Macromolecules 2002, 35, 610-615. (Pubitemid 34138563)
100. Zhai, G.; Yu,W. H.; Kang, E. T.; Neoh, K. G. "Functionalization of hydrogen-terminated silicon with polybetaine brushes via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43, 1673-1680. (Pubitemid 38435848)
101. Wang, W. C.; Neoh, K. G.; Kang, E. T. "Surface functionalization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via RAFT-mediated graft polymerization", Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2006, 27, 1665-1669.
102. Hojjati, B.; Charpentier, P. A. "Synthesis and kinetics of graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate from the RAFT coordinated surface of nano-TiO2", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 3926-3937.
103. Zhang, B. Q.; Pan, C. Y.; Hong, C. Y.; Luan, B.; Shi, P. J. "Reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization in the presence ofMMTimmobilized amphotericRAFTAgent", Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2006, 27, 97-102. (Pubitemid 43220963)
104. Samakande, A.; Juodaityte, J. J.; Sanderson, R. D.; Hartmann, P. C. "Novel cationic RAFTmediated polystyrene/clay nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, and thermal stability", Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2008, 293, 428-437.
105. Samakande, A.; Sanderson, R. D.; Hartmann, P. C. "Encapsulated clay particles in polystyrene by RAFT mediated miniemulsion polymerization", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 7114-7126.
106. Samakande, A.; Sanderson, R. D.; Hartmann, P. C. "Rheological properties of RAFT-mediated poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)-clay nanocomposites [P(S-co-BA)-PCNs]: Emphasis on the effect of structural parameters on thermo-mechanical and melt flow behaviors", Polymer 2009, 50, 42-49.
107. Cui, J.; Wang, W. P.; You, Y. Z.; Liu, Ch.; Wang, P. " Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization", Polymer 2004, 45, 8717-8721. (Pubitemid 39550608)
108. Hong, C. Y.; You, Y. Z.; Pan, C. Y. "Synthesis of water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes with grafted temperature-responsive shells by surface RAFT polymerization", Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 2247-2254.
109. Tsujii, Y.; Ejaz, M.; Sato, K.; Goto, A.; Fukuda, T. "Mechanism and kinetics of RAFT-mediated graft polymerization of styrene on a solid surface. 1. Experimental evidence of surface radical migration", Macromolecules 2001, 34, 8872-8878. (Pubitemid 34054817)
110. Hua, D.; Tang, J.; Jiang, J.; Gu, Zh.; Dai, L.; Zhu, X. "Controlled grafting modification of silica gel via RAFT polymerization under ultrasonic irradiation", Mater. Chem. Phys. 2009, 114, 402-406.
111. Yuan, K.; Li, Z. F.; Lu, L. L.; Shi, X. N. "Synthesis and characterization of well-defined polymer brushes grafted from silicon surface via surface reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization", Mater. Lett. 2007, 61, 2033-2036. (Pubitemid 46452804)
112. Hong, C. Y.; Li, X.; Pan, C. Y. "Grafting polymer nanoshell onto the exterior surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles via surface reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization", Eur. Polym. J. 2007, 43, 4114-4122. (Pubitemid 47483708)
113. Liu, C. H.; Pan, C.Y. "Grafting polystyrene onto silica nanoparticles via RAFT polymerization", Polymer 2007, 48, 3679-3685.
114. Nguyen, D. H., Vana, P. "Silica-immobilized cumyl dithiobenzoate as mediating agent in reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization", Polym. Adv. Technol. 2006, 17, 625-633. (Pubitemid 44883637)
115. Stenzel, M. H.; Zhang, L.; Huck,W. T. S. "Temperature-responsive glycopolymer brushes synthesized via RAFT polymerization using the Z-group approach", Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2006, 27, 1121-1126. (Pubitemid 44231091)
116. Peng, Q.; Lai, D. M. Y.; Kang, E. T.; Neoh, K. G. "Preparation of polymersilicon (100) hybrids via interface-initiated reversible additionfragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization", Macromolecules 2006, 39, 5577-5582. (Pubitemid 44325142)
117. Zhao, Y.; Perrier, S. "Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer graft polymerization mediated by fumed silica supported chain transfer agents", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 9116-9124.
118. Salem, N.; Shipp, D. A. "Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites prepared through in situ reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization", Polymer 2005, 46, 8573-8581. (Pubitemid 41203082)
119. Yang, Zh.; Pu, H.; Yin, J. "Covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by polyvinylimidazole", Mater. Lett. 2005, 59, 2838-2841. (Pubitemid 40970632)
120. Rahimi-Razin, S.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Salami-Kalajahi, M.; Behboodi-Sadabad, F.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H. "Matrix grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites synthesized by in situ RAFT polymerization: A kinetics study", Int. J. Chem. Kinet. DOI 10.1002/kin.
121. Chinthamanipeta, P. S.; Kobukata, Sh.; Nakata, H.; Shipp, D. A. "Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)-silica nanocomposites using methacrylate-functionalized silica nanoparticles and RAFT polymerization", Polymer 2008, 49, 5636-5642.
122. Semsarilar, M.; Perrier, S. "Green reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization", Nat. Chem. 2010, 2, 811-820.
123. Salami-Kalajahi, M.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Rahimi-Razin, S.; Behboodi-Sadabad, F.; Najafi, M.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H. "A study on the properties of PMMA/silica nanocomposites prepared via RAFT polymerization", J. Polym. Res. 2012, 19, 9793.
124. Salami-Kalajahi, M.; Haddadi-Asl, V.; Behboodi-Sadabad, F.; Rahimi-Razin, S.; Roghani-Mamaqani, H. "Effect of silica nanoparticle loading and surface modification on the kinetics of RAFT polymerization", J. Polym. Eng. 2012, 32, 13-22.
125. Ngo, V. G.; Bressy, C.; Leroux, C.;Margaillan, A. "Synthesis of hybrid TiO2 nanoparticles with well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(tert-butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate) via the RAFT process", Polymer 2009, 50, 3095-3102.
126. Goto, A.; Kwak, Y.; Yoshikawa, C.; Tsujii, Y.; Sugiura, Y.; Fukuda, T. "Comparative study on decomposition rate constants for some alkoxyamines", Macromolecules 2002, 35, 3520-3525. (Pubitemid 34590328)
127. Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y.; Fukuda, T. "Mechanism and kinetics of nitroxide-controlled free radical polymerization: Thermal decomposition of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-polystyroxypiperidines", Macromolecules 1997, 30, 2503-2506.
128. Grubbs, R. B. "Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization: limitations and versatility", Polym. Rev. 2011, 51, 104-137.
129. Luo, R.; Sen, A. "Rate enhancement in controlled radical polymerization of acrylates using recyclable heterogeneous lewis acid", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 154-156.
130. Konn, C.; Morel, F.; Beyou, E.; Chaumont, P.; Bourgeat-Lami, E. "Nitroxide-mediated polymerization of styrene initiated from the surface of laponite clay platelets", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 7464-7472. (Pubitemid 350014274)
131. Chang, J. H.; Le, Y.W.; Kim, B. G.; Kim, H. K.; Choi, I. S.; Paik, H. J. "Covalent attachment of polystyrene on multi-walled carbon nanotubes via nitroxide mediated polymerization", Comp. Interf. 2007, 14, 493-504. (Pubitemid 47184946)
132. Parvole, J.; Laruelle, G.; Khoukh, A.; Billon, L. "Surface initiated polymerization of poly(butyl acrylate) by nitroxide mediated polymerization: First comparative polymerization of a bimolecular and a unimolecular initiator-grafted silica particles", Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2005, 206, 372-382. (Pubitemid 40794966)
133. Chevigny, Ch.; Gigmes, D.; Bertin, D.; Jestin, J.; Boúe, F. "Polystyrene grafting from silica nanoparticles via nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP): synthesis and SANS analysis with the contrast variation method", Soft Matter. 2009, 5, 3741-3753.
134. Bartholome, C.; Beyou, E.; Bourgeat-Lami, E.; Chaumont, P.; Lefebvre, F.; Zydowicz, N. "Nitroxide-mediated polymerization of styrene initiated from the surface of silica Nanoparticles. In situ generation and grafting of alkoxyamine initiators", Macromolecules 2005, 38, 1099-1106. (Pubitemid 40308165)
135. Diaconu, G.; Mi°Cüsík, M.; Bonnefond, A.; Paulis, M.; Leiza, J. R. "Macroinitiator and macromonomer modified montmorillonite for the synthesis of acrylic/MMT nanocomposite latexes", Macromolecules 2009, 42, 3316-3325.
136. Kolb, H. C.; Finn, M. G.; Sharpless, K. B. "Click chemistry: Diverse chemical function from a few good reactions", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2004-2021.
137. Fu, R.; Fu, G. D. "Polymeric nanomaterials from combined click chemistry and controlled radical polymerization", Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 465-475.
138. Sumerlin, B. S.; Vogt, A. P. "Macromolecular engineering through click chemistry and other efficient transformations", Macromolecules 2010, 43, 1-13.
139. Golas, P. L.; Matyjaszewski, K. "Marrying click chemistry with polymerization: expanding the scope of polymeric materials", Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 1338-1354.
140. Qin, Sh.; Qin, D.; Ford,W. T.; Resasco, D. E.; Herrera, J. E. "Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with polystyrene via grafting to and grafting frommethods", Macromolecules 2004, 37, 752-757.
141. Wu,H.X.; Tong, R.;Qiu,X.Q.;Yang, H. F.; Lin,Y.H.; Cai, R. F.;Qian, S. X. "Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polystyrene under atom transfer radical polymerization conditions", Carbon 2007, 45, 152-159. (Pubitemid 47017031)
142. Lou, X.; Detrembleur, C.; Pagnoulle, C.; J́er̂ome, R.; Bocharova, V.; Kiriy, A.; Stamm, M. "Surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by poly(2-vinylpyridine): Dispersion, selective deposition, and decoration of the nanotubes", Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 2123-2127. (Pubitemid 40072907)
143. Ranjan, R.; Brittain, W. J. "Combination of living radical polymerization and click chemistry for surface modification", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6217-6223. (Pubitemid 47329065)
144. Li,H.; Cheng, F.;Duft, A. M.;Adronov, A. "Functionalization of singlewalled carbon nanotubes with well-difined polystyrene by "click coupling", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 14518-14524. (Pubitemid 41457613)
145. Li, C.; Hu, J.; Yin, J.; Liu, S. "Click coupling fullerene onto thermoresponsive water-soluble diblock copolymer and homopolymer chains at defined positions", Macromolecules 2009, 42, 5007-5016.
146. Zhang, Y.; He, H.; Gao, C.; Wu, J. "Covalent layer-by-layer functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by click chemistry", Langmuir 2009, 25, 5814-5824.
147. Wang,Y.; Chen, J.;Xiang, J.; Li, H.; Shen,Y.; Gao,X.; Liang,Y. "Synthesis and characterization of end-functional polymers on silica nanoparticles via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click chemistry", React. Func. Polym. 2009, 69, 393-399.
148. Huang, C. J., Chang, F. C. "Using click chemistry to fabricate ultrathin thermoresponsive microcapsules through direct covalent layer-bylayer assembly", Macromolecules 2009, 42, 5155-5166.
149. Deng, Y.; Li, Y. J.; Dai, J.; Lang, M.; Huang, X. "An efficient way to functionalize graphene sheets with presynthesized polymer via ATNRC chemistry", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2011, 49, 1582-1590.
150. Zhang, T.; Wu, Y.; Pan, X.; Zheng, Zh.; Ding, X.; Peng, Y. "An approach for the surface functionalized gold nanoparticles with pH-responsive polymer by combination of RAFT and click chemistry", Europ. Polym. J. 2009, 45, 1625-1633.
151. Zhang, T.; Zheng, Zh.; Ding, X.; Peng, Y. "Smart surface of gold nanoparticles fabricated by combination of RAFT and click chemistry", Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2008, 29, 1716-1720.
152. Ranjan, R.; Brittain, W. J. "Synthesis of high density polymer brushes on nanoparticles by combined RAFT polymerization and click chemistry", Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2008, 29, 1104-1110.
153. Ranjan, R.; Brittain, W. J. "Tandem RAFT polymerization and click chemistry: An efficient approach to surface modification", Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2007, 28, 2084-2089. (Pubitemid 350097759)
154. Huang, Y.; Hou, T.; Cao, X.; Perrier, S.; Zhao, Y. "Synthesis of silica-polymer hybrids by combination of RAFT polymerization and azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reactions", Polym. Chem. 2010, 1, 1615-1623.
155. Liu, Y.; Yao, Zh.; Adronov, A. "Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with well-defined polymers by radical coupling", Macromolecules 2005, 38, 1172-1179. (Pubitemid 40308174)
156. Parvole, J.; Ahrens, L.; Blas, H. L. N.; Vinas, J. R. M.; Re, C. D. B.; Sanchez, C. M.; Save, M.; Charleux, B. "Grafting polymer chains bearing an N-succinimidyl activated ester end-group onto primary amine-coated silica particles and application of a simple, one-step approach via nitroxide-mediated controlled/living free-radical polymerization", J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 173-185.