Mood dysregulation and stabilization: Perspectives from emotional cognitive neuroscience

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 681-694

  Yamawaki, Shigeto ^a,b   Okada, Go ^a,b   Okamoto, Yasumasa ^a,b   Liberzon, Israel ^a,c,d  

^a HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY   (Japan)

^c VA ANN ARBOR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety disorder; emotion; major depressive disorder; mood; neuroimaging

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ANXIETY DISORDER; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; EMOTION; EMOTIONALITY; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL STRESS; MOOD; NEUROSCIENCE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW;

AFFECT; BRAIN; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; EMOTIONS; HUMANS; NEUROSCIENCES;

EID: 84861039059     PISSN: 14611457     EISSN: 14695111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1461145711000757     Document Type: Review

References (152)

1. Allen LB, McHugh RK, Barlow DH (2008). Emotional Disorders : a Unified Protcol. New York: Guilford Press.
2. Amstadter A (2008). Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 22, 211-221.
3. Anderson KC, Insel TR (2006). The promise of extinction research for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders. Biological Psychiatry 60, 319-321. (Pubitemid 44215858)
4. APA (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
5. Banos RM, Medina PM, Pascual J (2001). Explicit and implicit memory biases in depression and panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 39, 61-74.
6. Bar M (2009). A cognitive neuroscience hypothesis of mood and depression. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13, 456-463.
7. Barbas H (2000). Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition, memory, and emotion in primate prefrontal cortices. Brain Research Bulletin 52, 319-330. (Pubitemid 30462201)
8. Beck AT (1976). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: International University Press.
9. Bench CJ, Friston KJ, Brown RG, Scott LC, et al. (1992). The anatomy of melancholia-focal abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression. Psychological Medicine 22, 607-615.
10. Berking M, Wupperman P, Reichardt A, Pejic T, et al. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy 46, 1230-1237.
11. Bermpohl F, Pascual-Leone A, Amedi A, Merabet LB, et al. (2006). Dissociable networks for the expectancy and perception of emotional stimuli in the human brain. Neuroimage 30, 588-600.
12. Berna C, Leknes S, Holmes EA, Edwards RR, et al. (2010). Induction of depressed mood disrupts emotion regulation neurocircuitry and enhances pain unpleasantness. Biological Psychiatry 67, 1083-1090.
13. Botvinick MM (2007). Conflict monitoring and decision making: reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience 7, 356-366.
14. Bradley B, Mathews A (1983). Negative self-schemata in clinical depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 22, 173-181. (Pubitemid 13017593)
15. Bremner JD (2006). Traumatic stress : effects on the brain. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 8, 445-461.
16. Britton JC, Phan KL, Taylor SF, Welsh RC, et al. (2006). Neural correlates of social and nonsocial emotions: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 31, 397-409. (Pubitemid 43728972)
17. Bryant RA, Felmingham K, Kemp A, Das P, et al. (2008). Amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate activation predicts treatment response to cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine 38, 555-561. (Pubitemid 351354888)
18. Bylsma LM, Morris BH, Rottenberg J (2008). A meta-analysis of emotional reactivity in major depressive disorder. Clinical Psychology Review 28, 676-691. (Pubitemid 351374605)
19. Carpenter LL, Anderson GM, Pelton GH, Gudin JA, et al. (1998). Tryptophan depletion during continuous CSF sampling in healthy human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 19, 26-35. (Pubitemid 28255211)
20. Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Geddes JR, et al. (2009). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants : a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 373, 746-758.
21. Critchley HD (2005). Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration. Journal of Comparative Neurology 493, 154-166. (Pubitemid 41636198)
22. Davidson RJ, Irwin W, Anderle MJ, Kalin NH (2003). The neural substrates of affective processing in depressed patients treated with venlafaxine. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 64-75. (Pubitemid 36042428)
23. Davidson RJ, Pizzagalli D, Nitschke JB, Putnam K (2002). Depression: perspectives from affective neuroscience. Annual Review of Psychology 53, 545-574.
24. de Graaf R, Bijl RV, Smit F, Vollebergh WA, et al. (2002). Risk factors for 12-month comorbidity of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders : findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. American Journal of Psychiatry 159, 620-629. (Pubitemid 34274945)
25. de Mello MF, de Jesus Mari J, Bacaltchuk J, Verdeli H, et al. (2005). A systematic review of research findings on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy for depressive disorders. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 255, 75-82. (Pubitemid 40575662)
26. Delgado MR, Nearing KI, Ledoux JE, Phelps EA (2008). Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction. Neuron 59, 829-838.
27. Delgado MR, Olsson A, Phelps EA (2006). Extending animal models of fear conditioning to humans. Biological Psychology 73, 39-48.
28. Derry PA, Kuiper NA (1981). Schematic processing and self-reference in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90, 286-297.
29. DeRubeis RJ, Siegle GJ, Hollon SD (2008). Cognitive therapy vs. medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9, 788-796.
30. Dichter GS, Felder JN, Petty C, Bizzell J, et al. (2009). The effects of psychotherapy on neural responses to rewards in major depression. Biological Psychiatry 66, 886-897.
31. Dobson KS, Shaw BF (1987). Specificity and stability of self-referent encoding in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 96, 34-40. (Pubitemid 17013124)
32. Doya K (2002). Metalearning and neuromodulation. Neural Networks 15, 495-506. (Pubitemid 34947460)
33. Drevets WC, Bogers W, Raichle ME (2002). Functional anatomical correlates of antidepressant drug treatment assessed using PET measures of regional glucose metabolism. European Neuropsychopharmacology 12, 527-544. (Pubitemid 35408704)
34. Drevets WC, Price JL, Simpson JR, Todd RD, et al. (1997). Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders. Nature 386, 824-827. (Pubitemid 27181254)
35. Drevets WC, Savitz J, Trimble M (2008). The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in mood disorders. CNS Spectrums 13, 663-681.
36. Ekman P (1999). Basic emotions. In : Dalgleish T, Power MJ (Eds), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion (pp. 45-60). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
37. Ellis AJ, Beevers CG, Wells TT (2009). Emotional dysregulation in dysphoria: support for Emotion Context Insensitivity in response to performance-based feedback. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 40, 443-454.
38. Ellis HC, Moore BA (1999). Mood and memory. In : Dalgleish T, Power MJ (Eds), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion (pp. 191-210). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
39. Erk S, Mikschl A, Stier S, Ciaramidaro A, et al. (2010). Acute and sustained effects of cognitive emotion regulation in major depression. Journal of Neuroscience 30, 15726-15734.
40. Etkin A (2010). Functional neuroanatomy of anxiety : a neural circuit perspective. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2, 251-277.
41. Foa EB (2006). Psychosocial therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67 (Suppl. 2), 40-45. (Pubitemid 43268188)
42. Foley P, Kirschbaum C (2010). Human hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis responses to acute psychosocial stress in laboratory settings. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 35, 91-96.
43. Fossati P, Hevenor SJ, Graham SJ, Grady C, et al. (2003). In search of the emotional self : an fMRI study using positive and negative emotional words. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 1938-1945. (Pubitemid 39619629)
44. Fossati P, Hevenor SJ, Lepage M, Graham SJ, et al. (2004). Distributed self in episodic memory: neural correlates of successful retrieval of self-encoded positive and negative personality traits. Neuroimage 22, 1596-1604. (Pubitemid 38962648)
45. Fu CH, Williams SC, Cleare AJ, Brammer MJ, et al. (2004). Attenuation of the neural response to sad faces in major depression by antidepressant treatment: a prospective, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry 61, 877-889. (Pubitemid 39181077)
46. Garakani A, Mathew SJ, Charney DS (2006). Neurobiology of anxiety disorders and implications for treatment. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 73, 941-949. (Pubitemid 46040391)
47. George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh PI, Horwitz B, et al. (1995). Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women. American Journal of Psychiatry 152, 341-351.
48. George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh PI, Rosinsky N, et al. (1997). Blunted left cingulate activation in mood disorder subjects during a response interference task (the Stroop). Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 9, 55-63. (Pubitemid 27075414)
49. Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Ciszewski A, Kasai K, et al. (2002). Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nature Neuroscience 5, 1242-1247. (Pubitemid 35247185)
50. Gold PW, Drevets WC, Charney DS (2002). New insights into the role of cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor in severe depression. Biological Psychiatry 52, 381-385. (Pubitemid 35266728)
51. Goldin PR, Manber T, Hakimi S, Canli T, et al. (2009). Neural bases of social anxiety disorder : emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation during social and physical threat. Archives of General Psychiatry 66, 170-180.
52. Gross JJ, Thompson RA (2007). Emotion regulation : conceptula foundations. In : Gross JJ (Ed. ), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 3-24). New York: Guilford Press.
53. Gusnard DA, Akbudak E, Shulman GL, Raichle ME (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity : relation to a default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98, 4259-4264. (Pubitemid 32249932)
54. Hariri AR, Tessitore A, Mattay VS, Fera F, et al. (2002). The amygdala response to emotional stimuli : a comparison of faces and scenes. Neuroimage 17, 317-323.
55. Harmer CJ (2008). Serotonin and emotional processing : does it help explain antidepressant drug action? Neuropharmacology 55, 1023-1028.
56. Hartley CA, Phelps EA (2010). Changing fear : the neurocircuitry of emotion regulation. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 136-146.
57. Hasler G, Fromm S, Carlson PJ, Luckenbaugh DA, et al. (2008). Neural response to catecholamine depletion in unmedicated subjects with major depressive disorder in remission and healthy subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry 65, 521-531. (Pubitemid 351645048)
58. Heller AS, Johnstone T, Shackman AJ, Light SN, et al. (2009). Reduced capacity to sustain positive emotion in major depression reflects diminished maintenance of fronto-striatal brain activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106, 22445-22450.
59. Herwig U, Baumgartner T, Kaffenberger T, Bruhl A, et al. (2007a). Modulation of anticipatory emotion and perception processing by cognitive control. Neuroimage 37, 652-662. (Pubitemid 47444259)
60. Herwig U, Kaffenberger T, Baumgartner T, Jancke L (2007b). Neural correlates of a 'pessimistic ' attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence. Neuroimage 34, 848-858. (Pubitemid 44827768)
61. Hofmann SG, Smits JA (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders : a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69, 621-632. (Pubitemid 351792338)
62. Holmes AJ, Pizzagalli DA (2008). Response conflict and frontocingulate dysfunction in unmedicated participants with major depression. Neuropsychologia 46, 2904-2913.
63. Holsboer F (2000). The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 23, 477-501.
64. Holthoff VA, Beuthien-Baumann B, Zundorf G, Triemer A, et al. (2004). Changes in brain metabolism associated with remission in unipolar major depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 110, 184-194. (Pubitemid 39120321)
65. Inagaki M, Yoshikawa E, Kobayakawa M, Matsuoka Y, et al. (2007). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with secondary depressive episodes after fatal pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Journal of Affective Disorders 99, 231-236. (Pubitemid 46275016)
66. Ingram RE (1990). Self-focused attention in clinical disorders : review and a conceptual model. Psychological Bulletin 107, 156-176.
67. Irwin W, Davidson RJ, Lowe MJ, Mock BJ, et al. (1996). Human amygdala activation detected with echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroreport 7, 1765-1769. (Pubitemid 26348252)
68. Jacobs BL, van Praag H, Gage FH (2000). Adult brain neurogenesis and psychiatry : a novel theory of depression. Molecular Psychiatry 5, 262-269. (Pubitemid 30438401)
69. Johnstone T, van Reekum CM, Urry HL, Kalin NH, et al. (2007). Failure to regulate : counterproductive recruitment of top-down prefrontal-subcortical circuitry in major depression. Journal of Neuroscience 27, 8877-8884. (Pubitemid 47292771)
70. Kalisch R, Korenfeld E, Stephan KE, Weiskopf N, et al. (2006). Context-dependent human extinction memory is mediated by a ventromedial prefrontal and hippocampal network. Journal of Neuroscience 26, 9503-9511. (Pubitemid 44396863)
71. Kapur S, Mann JJ (1992). Role of the dopaminergic system in depression. Biological Psychiatry 32, 1-17.
72. Kelley WM, Macrae CN, Wyland CL, Caglar S, et al. (2002). Finding the self? An event-related fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, 785-794. (Pubitemid 34761799)
73. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, et al. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 617-627. (Pubitemid 40973437)
74. Kim H, Somerville LH, Johnstone T, Alexander AL, et al. (2003). Inverse amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to surprised faces. Neuroreport 14, 2317-2322.
75. Kim SH, Hamann S (2007). Neural correlates of positive and negative emotion regulation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, 776-798. (Pubitemid 46740447)
76. Kitaichi Y, Inoue T, Nakagawa S, Boku S, et al. (2010). Sertraline increases extracellular levels not only of serotonin, but also of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 647, 90-96.
77. Knutson B, Cooper JC (2005). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward prediction. Current Opinion in Neurology 18, 411-417. (Pubitemid 41104804)
78. Knutson B, Wimmer GE (2007). Splitting the difference: how does the brain code reward episodes? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1104, 54-69. (Pubitemid 47092745)
79. Kranz GS, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R (2010). Reward and the serotonergic system. Neuroscience 166, 1023-1035.
80. Kumano H, Ida I, Oshima A, Takahashi K, et al. (2007). Brain metabolic changes associated with predispotion to onset of major depressive disorder and adjustment disorder in cancer patients-a preliminary PET study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 41, 591-599. (Pubitemid 46330394)
81. Lane RD, Fink GR, Chau PM, Dolan RJ (1997). Neural activation during selective attention to subjective emotional responses. Neuroreport 8, 3969-3972. (Pubitemid 28027219)
82. Liberzon I, Martis B (2006). Neuroimaging studies of emotional responses in PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1071, 87-109. (Pubitemid 44126723)
83. Mah L, Zarate CA, Singh J, Duan YF, et al. (2007). Regional cerebral glucose metabolic abnormalities in bipolar II depression. Biological Psychiatry 61, 765-775. (Pubitemid 46330241)
84. Malberg JE, Eisch AJ, Nestler EJ, Duman RS (2000). Chronic antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience 20, 9104-9110. (Pubitemid 32042912)
85. Manji HK, Drevets WC, Charney DS (2001). The cellular neurobiology of depression. Nature Medicine 7, 541-547. (Pubitemid 32448319)
86. Matsumoto M, Hikosaka O (2009). Two types of dopamine neuron distinctly convey positive and negative motivational signals. Nature 459, 837-841.
87. Mayberg HS, Brannan SK, Tekell JL, Silva JA, et al. (2000). Regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine in major depression: serial changes and relationship to clinical response. Biological Psychiatry 48, 830-843.
88. Mayberg HS, Liotti M, Brannan SK, McGinnis S, et al. (1999). Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. American Journal of Psychiatry 156, 675-682. (Pubitemid 29220063)
89. Mayberg HS, Lozano AM, Voon V, McNeely HE, et al. (2005). Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron 45, 651-660. (Pubitemid 40320700)
90. McDonald AJ, Mascagni F, Guo L (1996). Projections of the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices to the amygdala: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin study in the rat. Neuroscience 71, 55-75. (Pubitemid 26042870)
91. McKenna MT, Michaud CM, Murray CJ, Marks JS (2005). Assessing the burden of disease in the United States using disability-adjusted life years. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28, 415-423. (Pubitemid 40719042)
92. Meneses A (2003). A pharmacological analysis of an associative learning task : 5-HT(1) to 5-HT(7) receptor subtypes function on a pavlovian/instrumental autoshaped memory. Learning and Memory 10, 363-372. (Pubitemid 37266681)
93. Milad MR, Quinn BT, Pitman RK, Orr SP, et al. (2005). Thickness of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in humans is correlated with extinction memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102, 10706-10711. (Pubitemid 41061618)
94. Milad MR, Wright CI, Orr SP, Pitman RK, et al. (2007). Recall of fear extinction in humans activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in concert. Biological Psychiatry 62, 446-454. (Pubitemid 47284021)
95. Nahas Z, Marangell LB, Husain MM, Rush AJ, et al. (2005). Two-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment of major depressive episodes. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 66, 1097-1104. (Pubitemid 41442274)
96. Nestler EJ, Carlezon WA (2006). The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression. Biological Psychiatry 59, 1151-1159. (Pubitemid 44192421)
97. Neumeister A, Nugent AC, Waldeck T, Geraci M, et al. (2004). Neural and behavioral responses to tryptophan depletion in unmedicated patients with remitted major depressive disorder and controls. Archives of General Psychiatry 61, 765-773. (Pubitemid 39031116)
98. Nitschke JB, Sarinopoulos I, Mackiewicz KL, Schaefer HS, et al. (2006). Functional neuroanatomy of aversion and its anticipation. Neuroimage 29, 106-116. (Pubitemid 41828035)
99. Nobler MS, Oquendo MA, Kegeles LS, Malone KM, et al. (2001). Decreased regional brain metabolism after ect. American Journal of Psychiatry 158, 305-308. (Pubitemid 32116530)
100. Northoff G, Bermpohl F (2004). Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8, 102-107. (Pubitemid 38299319)
101. Northoff G, Heinzel A, de Greck M, Bermpohl F, et al. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain-a meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. Neuroimage 31, 440-457. (Pubitemid 44250876)
102. Ochsner KN, Bunge SA, Gross JJ, Gabrieli JD (2002). Rethinking feelings : an FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, 1215-1229. (Pubitemid 35305826)
103. Ochsner KN, Gross JJ (2004). Thinking makes it so: a social cognitive neuroscience approach to emotion regulation. In : Baumeister RF, Vohs KD (Eds), Handbook of Self-regulation : Research, Theory, and Applications (pp. 229-255). New York: The Guilford Press.
104. Ochsner KN, Gross JJ (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9, 242-249. (Pubitemid 40615112)
105. Ochsner KN, Gross JJ (2007). The neural architecture of emotion regulation. In: Gross JJ (Ed. ), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 87-109). New York: The Guilford Press.
106. Ochsner KN, Gross JJ (2008). Cognitive emotion regulation : insights from social, cognitive and affective neuroscience. Current Directions in Psychological Science 17, 153-158.
107. Onoda K, Okamoto Y, Nakashima K, Nittono H, et al. (2009). Decreased ventral anterior cingulate cortex activity is associated with reduced social pain during emotional support. Social Neuroscience 4, 443-454.
108. Onoda K, Okamoto Y, Toki S, Ueda K, et al. (2008). Anterior cingulate cortex modulates preparatory activation during certain anticipation of negative picture. Neuropsychologia 46, 102-110.
109. Orr SP, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Macklin ML, et al. (2000). De novo conditioning in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109, 290-298. (Pubitemid 30616926)
110. Ottowitz WE, Dougherty DD, Savage CR (2002). The neural network basis for abnormalities of attention and executive function in major depressive disorder : implications for application of the medical disease model to psychiatric disorders. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 10, 86-99. (Pubitemid 34263979)
111. Papakostas GI (2006). Dopaminergic-based pharmacotherapies for depression. European Neuropsychopharmacology 16, 391-402. (Pubitemid 43975351)
112. Paradiso S, Johnson DL, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, et al. (1999). Cerebral blood flow changes associated with attribution of emotional valence to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral visual stimuli in a PET study of normal subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry 156, 1618-1629. (Pubitemid 29459996)
113. Phan KL, Taylor SF, Welsh RC, Decker LR, et al. (2003). Activation of the medial prefrontal cortex and extended amygdala by individual ratings of emotional arousal : a fMRI study. Biological Psychiatry 53, 211-215. (Pubitemid 36135931)
114. Phan KL, Taylor SF, Welsh RC, Ho SH, et al. (2004a). Neural correlates of individual ratings of emotional salience : a trial-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 21, 768-780. (Pubitemid 38229940)
115. Phan KL, Wager T, Taylor SF, Liberzon I (2002). Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage 16, 331-348. (Pubitemid 34852450)
116. Phan KL, Wager TD, Taylor SF, Liberzon I (2004b). Functional neuroimaging studies of human emotions. CNS Spectrums 9, 258-266. (Pubitemid 38560430)
117. Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI, LeDoux JE (2004). Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC. Neuron 43, 897-905. (Pubitemid 39215019)
118. Pyszczynski T, Greenberg J (1987). Self-regulatory perseveration and the depressive self-focusing style : a self-awareness theory of reactive depression. Psychological Bulletin 102, 122-138.
119. Quirk GJ, Mueller D (2008). Neural mechanisms of extinction learning and retrieval. Neuropsychopharmacology 33, 56-72. (Pubitemid 350191313)
120. Rauch SL, Shin LM, Phelps EA (2006). Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction : human neuroimaging research-past, present, and future. Biological Psychiatry 60, 376-382. (Pubitemid 44215857)
121. Reiman EM, Lane RD, Ahern GL, Schwartz GE, et al. (1997). Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion. American Journal of Psychiatry 154, 918-925. (Pubitemid 27274533)
122. Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L, Anderson P, et al. (2004). Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1136-1144. (Pubitemid 39463415)
123. Roesch MR, Calu DJ, Schoenbaum G (2007). Dopamine neurons encode the better option in rats deciding between differently delayed or sized rewards. Nature Neuroscience 10, 1615-1624. (Pubitemid 350175882)
124. Rothbaum BO, Schwartz AC (2002). Exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy 56, 59-75. (Pubitemid 34286091)
125. Rottenberg J, Gross JJ, Gotlib IH (2005). Emotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114, 627-639. (Pubitemid 41746999)
126. Schultz W (2007). Multiple dopamine functions at different time courses. Annual Review of Neuroscience 30, 259-288. (Pubitemid 47218758)
127. Schweighofer N, Bertin M, Shishida K, Okamoto Y, et al. (2008). Low-serotonin levels increase delayed reward discounting in humans. Journal of Neuroscience 28, 4528-4532.
128. Sheline YI, Barch DM, Donnelly JM, Ollinger JM, et al. (2001). Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in depressed subjects resolves with antidepressant treatment: an fMRI study. Biological Psychiatry 50, 651-658. (Pubitemid 33043767)
129. Sheline YI, Gado MH, Kraemer HC (2003). Untreated depression and hippocampal volume loss. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 1516-1518. (Pubitemid 41070930)
130. Shin LM, Liberzon I (2010). The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 169-191.
131. Shin LM, Rauch SL, Pitman RK (2006). Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal function in PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1071, 67-79. (Pubitemid 44126721)
132. Simmons A, Matthews SC, Stein MB, Paulus MP (2004). Anticipation of emotionally aversive visual stimuli activates right insula. Neuroreport 15, 2261-2265. (Pubitemid 39392252)
133. Simmons A, Strigo I, Matthews SC, Paulus MP, et al. (2006). Anticipation of aversive visual stimuli is associated with increased insula activation in anxiety-prone subjects. Biological Psychiatry 60, 402-409. (Pubitemid 44215851)
134. Simons AD, Murphy GE, Levine JL, Wetzel RD (1986). Cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. Sustained improvement over one year. Archives of General Psychiatry 43, 43-48. (Pubitemid 16148970)
135. Surguladze S, Brammer MJ, Keedwell P, Giampietro V, et al. (2005). A differential pattern of neural response toward sad vs. happy facial expressions in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 57, 201-209. (Pubitemid 40187363)
136. Takahashi H, Kato M, Takano H, Arakawa R, et al. (2008). Differential contributions of prefrontal and hippocampal dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors in human cognitive functions. Journal of Neuroscience 28, 12032-12038.
137. Tanaka SC, Doya K, Okada G, Ueda K, et al. (2004). Prediction of immediate and future rewards differentially recruits cortico-basal ganglia loops. Nature Neuroscience 7, 887-893. (Pubitemid 38989513)
138. Tanaka SC, Schweighofer N, Asahi S, Shishida K, et al. (2007). Serotonin differentially regulates short-and long-term prediction of rewards in the ventral and dorsal striatum. PLoS One 2, e1333.
139. Taylor SF, Liberzon I, Fig LM, Decker LR, et al. (1998). The effect of emotional content on visual recognition memory: a PET activation study. Neuroimage 8, 188-197. (Pubitemid 28471363)
140. Ueda K, Okamoto Y, Okada G, Yamashita H, et al. (2003). Brain activity during expectancy of emotional stimuli : an fMRI study. Neuroreport 14, 51-55. (Pubitemid 36160741)
141. UKECT Review Group (2003). Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 361, 799-808.
142. Urry HL, van Reekum CM, Johnstone T, Kalin NH, et al. (2006). Amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex are inversely coupled during regulation of negative affect and predict the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion among older adults. Journal of Neuroscience 26, 4415-4425. (Pubitemid 44315400)
143. Walker DL, Ressler KJ, Lu KT, Davis M (2002). Facilitation of conditioned fear extinction by systemic administration or intra-amygdala infusions of D-cycloserine as assessed with fear-potentiated startle in rats. Journal of Neuroscience 22, 2343-2351. (Pubitemid 35386533)
144. Warneke L (1990). Psychostimulants in psychiatry. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 35, 3-10.
145. Williams WA, Shoaf SE, Hommer D, Rawlings R, et al. (1999). Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in normal volunteers. Journal of Neurochemistry 72, 1641-1647. (Pubitemid 29140839)
146. Wise RA (2002). Brain reward circuitry : insights from unsensed incentives. Neuron 36, 229-240. (Pubitemid 35217889)
147. Yeung N, Botvinick MM, Cohen JD (2004). The neural basis of error detection: conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review 111, 931-959. (Pubitemid 39375082)
148. Yoshimura S, Okamoto Y, Onoda K, Matsunaga M, et al. (2010). Rostral anterior cingulate cortex activity mediates the relationship between the depressive symptoms and the medial prefrontal cortex activity. Journal of Affective Disorders 122, 76-85.
149. Yoshimura S, Ueda K, Suzuki S, Onoda K, et al. (2009). Self-referential processing of negative stimuli within the ventral anterior cingulate gyrus and right amygdala. Brain and Cognition 69, 218-225.
150. Yoshino A, Okamoto Y, Onoda K, Yoshimura S, et al. (2010). Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 50, 1194-1201.
151. Zald DH, Lee JT, Fluegel KW, Pardo JV (1998). Aversive gustatory stimulation activates limbic circuits in humans. Brain 121: 1143-1154. (Pubitemid 28256987)
152. Zald DH, Pardo JV (1997). Emotion, olfaction, and the human amygdala: amygdala activation during aversive olfactory stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 94, 4119-4124. (Pubitemid 27180509)