Salmonid influences on rivers: A geomorphic fish tail

Geomorphology

Volumn 157-158, Issue , 2012, Pages 66-74

  DeVries, Paul ^a  

^a R2 Resource Consultants ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Channel morphology; Ecosystem engineering; Marine derived nutrients; Salmon; Zoogeomorphology

Indexed keywords

BEDLOAD; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; NUTRIENT; POPULATION DENSITY; RIPARIAN ZONE; SALMONID; SPAWNING; STREAM BED; TEMPORAL RECORD; WOODY DEBRIS;

SALMONIDAE; TRICHOPTERA;

EID: 84860915738     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.040     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Abbe T.B., Montgomery D.R. Patterns and processes of wood debris accumulation in the Queets River basin, Washington. Geomorphology 2003, 51:81-107.
2. Albertson L.K., Cardinale B.J. Impacts of biological diversity on sediment transport in streams. EP31D-02. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA 2009, Dec 14-18.
3. Behnke R.J. Native Trout of Western North America. American Fisheries Society Monograph 1992, 6. Bethesda, MD.
4. Bell M.C. Fisheries handbook of engineering requirements and biological criteria 1991, Fish Passage and Development Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Portland, OR.
5. Ben-David M., Hanley T.A., Schell D.M. Fertilization of terrestrial vegetation by spawning Pacific salmon: the role of flooding and predator activity. Oikos 1998, 83:47-55.
6. Beschta R.L., Jackson W.L. The intrusion of fine sediments into a stable gravel bed. Journal Fisheries Research Board Canada 1979, 36:204-210.
7. Bilby R.E., Ward J.W. Changes in characteristics and function of woody debris with increasing size of streams in western Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1989, 118:368-378.
8. Bilby R.E., Bisson P.A. Function and distribution of large woody debris. River Ecology and Management: Lessons From the Pacific Coastal Region 1998, 324-346. Springer, New York, NY. R.J. Naiman, R.E. Bilby (Eds.).
9. Bilby R.E., Beach E.W., Fransen B.R., Walter J.K., Bisson P.A. Transfer of nutrients from spawning salmon to riparian vegetation in western Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 2003, 132:733-745.
10. Bjornn T.C., Reiser D.W. Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 1991, 19:83-138. Bethesda, MD. W.R. Meehan (Ed.).
11. Buffington J.M., Montgomery D.R. A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel bed rivers. Water Resources Research 1997, 33:1993-2029.
12. Butler D.R. Zoogeomorphology: Animals as Geomorphic Agents 1995, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
13. Cak A.D., Chaloner D.T., Lamberti G.A. Effects of spawning salmon on dissolved nutrients and epilithion in coupled stream-estuary systems of southeastern Alaska. Aquatic Science 2008, 70:169-178.
14. Cardinale B.J., Gelmann E.R., Palmer M.A. Net spinning caddisflies as stream ecosystem engineers: the influence of Hydropsyche on benthic substrate stability. Functional Ecology 2004, 18:381-387.
15. Cederholm C.J., Kunze M.D., Murota T., Sibatani A. Pacific salmon carcasses: essential contribution of nutrients and energy for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Fisheries 1999, 24(10):6-15.
16. Chaloner D.T., Lamberti G.A., Merritt R.W., Mitchell N.L., Ostrom P.H., Wipfli M.S. Variation in responses in spawning Pacific salmon among three south-eastern Alaska streams. Freshwater Biology 2004, 49:587-599.
17. Chapman D.W. Critical review of variables used to define effects of fines in redds of large salmonids. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1988, 117:1-21.
18. DeVries P. Riverine salmonid egg burial depths: review of published data and implications for scour studies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1997, 54:1685-1698.
19. DeVries P. Bed disturbance processes and the physical mechanisms of scour in salmonid spawning habitat. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 2008, 65:121-147. Bethesda, MD. D.A. Sear, P. DeVries (Eds.).
20. Everest F.H., Beschta R.L., Scrivener J.C., Koski K.V., Sedell J.R., Cederholm C.J. Fine sediment and salmonid production - a paradox. Streamside Management: Forestry and Fisheries Interactions 1987, 98-142. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, College Forest Resources. E.O. Salo, T.W. Cundy (Eds.).
21. Fetherston K.L., Naiman R.J., Bilby R.E. Large woody debris, physical process, and riparian forest development in montane river networks of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Geomorphology 1995, 13:133-144.
22. Field-Dodgson M.S. The effect of salmon redd excavation on stream substrate and benthic community of two salmon spawning streams in Canterbury, New Zealand. Hydrobiologia 1987, 154:3-11.
23. Fisher Wold A.K., Hershey A.E. Effects of salmon carcass decomposition on biofilm growth and wood decomposition. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1999, 56:767-773.
24. Gende S.M., Edwards R.T., Willson M.F., Wipfli M.S. Pacific salmon in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. BioScience 2002, 52:917-928.
25. Gottesfeld A.S., Hassan M.A., Tunnicliffe J.F., Poirier R.W. Sediment dispersion in salmon spawning streams: the influence of floods and salmon redd construction. Journal American Water Resources Association 2004, 40:1071-1086.
26. Gottesfeld A.S., Hassan M.A., Tunnicliffe J.F. Salmon bioturbation and stream process. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 2008, 65:175-193. Bethesda, MD.
27. Gregory K.J., Gurnell A.M. Vegetation and river channel form and process. Biogeomorphology 1988, 11-42. Basil Blackwell, New York NY. H.A. Viles (Ed.).
28. Gregory S.V., Bisson P.A. Degradation and loss of anadromous salmonid habitat in the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options 1997, 277-314. Chapman and Hall New York, NY. D.J. Stouder, P.A. Bisson, R.J. Naiman (Eds.).
29. Gresh T., Lichatowich J., Schoonmaker P. An estimation of historic and current levels of salmon production in the Northwest Pacific ecosystem: Evidence of a nutrient deficit in the freshwater systems of the Pacific Northwest. Fisheries 2000, 25(1):15-21.
30. Groot C., Margolis L. Pacific Salmon Life Histories 1991, University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C., 564pp.
31. Hassan M.A., Gottesfeld A.S., Montgomery D.R., Tunnicliffe J.F., Clarke G.K.C., Wynn G., Jones-Cox H., Poirier R., MacIsaac E., Herunter H., Macdonald S.J. Salmon-driven bed load transport and bed morphology in mountain streams. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35(4):L04405.
32. Heard W.R. Life history of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Pacific Salmon Life Histories 1991, 119-230. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C. C. Groot, L. Margolis (Eds.).
33. Helfield J.M., Naiman R.J. Effects of salmon-derived nitrogen on riparian forest growth and implications for stream productivity. Ecology 2001, 82:2403-2409.
34. Helfield J., Naiman R.J. Salmon and alder as nitrogen sources to riparian forests in a boreal Alaskan watershed. Oecologia 2002, 133:573-582.
35. Hicks B.J., Hall J.D., Bisson P.A., Sedell J.R. Responses of salmonids to habitat changes. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 1991, 19:483-518. W.R. Meehan (Ed.).
36. Hobbs D.F. Natural reproduction of quinnat salmon, brown and rainbow trout in certain New Zealand waters. New Zealand Marine Department Fisheries Bulletin No. 6 1937.
37. Hocking M.D., Reimchen T.E. Salmon-derived nitrogen in terrestrial invertebrates from coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest. BMC Ecology 2002, 2:4.
38. Honea J.M., Gara R.I. Macroinvertebrate community dynamics: strong negative response to salmon redd construction and weak response to salmon-derived nutrient uptake. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 2009, 28:207-219.
39. Janetski D., Chaloner D., Tiegs S., Lamberti G. Pacific salmon effects on stream ecosystems: a quantitative synthesis. Oecologia 2009, 159:583-595.
40. Johnson M.F., Reid I., Rice S.P., Wood P.J. Stabilization of fine gravels by net-spinning caddisfly larvae. Earth Surface Processes Landforms 2009, 34:413-423.
41. Jones C.G., Lawton J.H., Shachak M. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 1994, 69:373-386.
42. Jones C.G., Lawton J.H., Shachak M. Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology 1997, 78:1946-1957.
43. Kiefling J.W. Studies on the ecology of the Snake River cutthroat trout. Wyoming Game Fish Department Fisheries Technical Bulletin No. 3 1978, Cheyenne, WY.
44. King C.A., Herunter H.E. Spawning sockeye salmon contributions to sediment transport in Forfar Creek. Canadian Technical Report Fisheries Aquatic Sciences 2003, 2509:63-74. MacIsaac (Ed.).
45. Kondolf G.M., Wolman M.G. The sizes of salmonid spawning gravels. Water Resources Research 1993, 29:2275-2285.
46. Kondolf G.M., Sale M.J., Wolman M.G. Modification of fluvial gravel size by spawning salmonids. Water Resources Research 1993, 29:2265-2274.
47. Koyama A., Kavanagh K., Robinson A. Marine nitrogen in central Idaho riparian forests: evidence from stable isotopes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2005, 62:518-526.
48. Larkin G.A., Slaney P.A. Implications of trends in marine-derived nutrient flux to south coastal British Columbia salmonid production. Fisheries 1997, 22(11):16-24.
49. Lessard J.L., Merritt R.W., Berg M.B. Investigating the effect of marine-derived nutrients from spawning salmon on macroinvertebrate secondary production in southeast Alaskan streams. Journal North American Benthological Society 2009, 28:683-693.
50. Macdonald J.S., King C.A., Herunter H. Sediment and salmon: the role of spawning sockeye salmon in annual bed load transport characteristics in small, interior streams of British Columbia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 2010, 139:758-767.
51. Mathewson D.D., Hocking M.D., Reimchen T.E. Nitrogen uptake in riparian plant communities across a sharp ecological boundary of salmon density. BMC Ecology 2003, 3:4.
52. Millar R.G. Influence of bank vegetation on alluvial channel patterns. Water Resources Research 2000, 36:1109-1118.
53. Millar R.G., Quick M.C. Effect of bank stability on geometry of gravel rivers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1993, 119:1343-1363.
54. Milner A.M., Robertson A.L., Monaghan K.A., Veal A.J., Flory E.A. Colonization and development of an Alaskan stream community over 28years. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2008, 6:413-419.
55. Minakawa N., Gara R.I. Ecological effects of a chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) spawning run in a small stream of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 1999, 14:327-335.
56. Minakawa N., Gara R.I. Effects of chum salmon redd excavation on benthic communities in a stream in the Pacific Northwest. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 2003, 132:598-604.
57. Montgomery D.R., Buffington J.M. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1997, 109:596-611.
58. Montgomery D.R., Abbe T.B. Influence of logjam-formed hard points on the formation of valley-bottom landforms in an old-growth forest valley, Queets River, Washington. Quaternary Research 2006, 65:147-155.
59. Montgomery D.R., Buffington J.M., Peterson N.P., Schuett-Hames D., Quinn T.P. Stream-bed scour, egg burial depths, and the influence of salmonid spawning on bed surface mobility and embryo survival. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1996, 53:1061-1070.
60. Montgomery D.R., Abbe T.B., Buffington J.M., Peterson N.P., Schmidt K.M., Stock J.D. Distribution of bedrock and alluvial channels in forested mountain drainage basins. Nature 1996, 381:587-589.
61. Montgomery D.R., Beamer E.M., Pess G.R., Quinn T.P. Channel type and salmonid spawning distribution and abundance. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1999, 56:377-387.
62. Moore J.W. Animal ecosystem engineers in streams. BioScience 2006, 56:237-246.
63. Moore J.W., Schindler D.E. Nutrient export from freshwater ecosystems by anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2004, 61:1582-1589.
64. Moore J.W., Schindler D.E. Biotic disturbance and benthic community dynamics in salmon-bearing streams. Journal of Animal Ecology 2008, 77:275-284.
65. Moore J.W., Schindler D.E., Scheurell M.D. Disturbance of freshwater habitats by anadromous salmon in Alaska. Oecologia 2004, 139:298-308.
66. Moore J.W., Schindler D.E., Carter J.L., Fox J., Griffiths J., Holtgrieve G.W. Biotic control of stream fluxes: spawning salmon drive nutrient and matter export. Ecology 2007, 88:1278-1291.
67. Nagasaka A., Nagasaka Y., Ito K., Mano T., Yamanaka M., Katayama A., Sato Y., Grankin A.L., Zdorikov A.I., Boronov G.A. Contributions of salmon-derived nitrogen to riparian vegetation in the northwest Pacific region. Journal of Forest Research 2006, 11:377-382.
68. Naiman R.J., Bilby R.E., Schindler D.E., Helfield J.M. Pacific salmon, nutrients, and the dynamics of freshwater and riparian ecosystems. Ecosystems 2002, 5:399-417.
69. Parker G. On the cause and characteristic scales of meandering and braiding. Journal Fluid Mechanics 1976, 76:457-480.
70. Payne L.X., Moore J.W. Mobile scavengers create hotspots of freshwater productivity. Oikos 2006, 115:69-80.
71. Peterson D.P., Foote C.J. Disturbance of small-stream habitat by spawning sockeye salmon in Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 2000, 129:924-934.
72. Powers P.D., Orsborn J.F. Analysis of barriers to upstream fish migration: an investigation of the physical and biological conditions affecting fish passage success at culverts and waterfalls. Part 4 of 4. Final Report. Prepared by Albrook Hydraulics Laboratory, Washington State University for Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR 1985.
73. Prowse T.D. River ice ecology. I: Hydrologic, geomorphic, and water-quality aspects. Journal Cold Regions Engineering 2003, 15:1-16.
74. Quinn T.P. The behavior and ecology of pacific salmon and trout 2005, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
75. Rennie, C.D., 1998. Bed mobility of gravel rivers: Mobilization (scour) depth of chum salmon redds, and equilibrium bedload transport. M.A.S. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
76. Rennie C.D., Millar R.G. Spatial variability of stream bed scour and fill: a comparison of scour depth in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) redds and adjacent bed. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2000, 57:928-938.
77. Richards K. Rivers: form and process in alluvial channels 1982, Methuen, London.
78. Roni P., Liermann M.C., Jordan C., Steel E.A. Steps for designing a monitoring and evaluation program. Monitoring Stream and Watershed Restoration 2005, 13-34. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda MD. P. Roni (Ed.).
79. Rukhlov F.N. Materials characterizing the texture of bottom material in the spawning grounds and redds of the pink salmon, (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum)) and the autumn chum (Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum)) on Sakhalin. Problems Ichthyology 1969, 9:635-644.
80. Salo E.O. Life history of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Pacific Salmon Life Histories 1991, 231-309. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C. C. Groot, L. Margolis (Eds.).
81. Scheuerell M.D., Levin P.S., Zabel R.W., Williams J.G., Sanderson B.L. A new perspective of marine-derived nutrients to threatened stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2005, 62:961-964.
82. Schindler D.E., Scheuerell M.D., Moore J.W., Gende S.M., Francis T.B., Palen W.J. Pacific salmon and the ecology of coastal ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2003, 1:31-37.
83. Schuett-Hames D.E., Peterson N.P., Conrad R., Quinn T.P. Patterns of gravel scour and fill after spawning by chum salmon in a western Washington stream. North American Journal Fisheries Management 2000, 20:610-617.
84. Scrivener J.C., Macdonald J.S. Interrelationships of streambed gravel, bedload transport, beaver activity and spawning sockeye salmon in Stuart-Takla tributaries, British Columbia and possible impacts from forest harvesting. Forest and Fish Conference: Land Management Practices Affecting Aquatic Ecosystems. Ministry of Natural Resources, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Informational Report NOR-X-356, Edmonton, Alberta 1998, 267-282. M.K. Brewin, D.M.A. Monita (Eds.).
85. Sear D.A., DeVries P. Salmonid spawning habitat in rivers: physical controls, biological responses, and approaches to remediation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 2008, 65. Bethesda, MD.
86. Statzner B., Arens M.F., Champagne J.Y., Morel R., Herouin E. Silk producing stream insects and gravel erosion: significant biological effects on critical shear stress. Water Resources Research 1999, 35:3495-3506.
87. Stuart T.A. Spawning migration, reproduction and young stages of Loch trout (Salmo trutta L.). Freshwater Salmon Fisheries Research No. 5 1953, Scottish Home Department, Edinburgh.
88. Takao A., Negishi J.N., Nunokawa M., Gomi T., Nakahara O. Potential influences of a net-spinning caddisfly (Trichoptera:Stenopsyche marmorata) on stream substratum stability in heterogeneous field environments. Journal North American Benthological Society 2006, 25:545-555.
89. Thompson K.E. Determining stream flows for fish life. Proceedings of the Instream Flow Requirements Workshop 1972, 31-50. Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission, Portland, Oregon.
90. Thurow R.F., King J.G. Attributes of Yellowstone cutthroat trout redds in a tributary of the Snake River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1994, 123:37-50.
91. Tiegs S.D., Chaloner D.T., Levi P., Ruegg J., Tank J.L., Lamberti G.A. Timber harvest transforms ecological roles of salmon in southeast Alaska rain forest streams. Ecological Applications 2008, 18:4-11.
92. Tiegs S.D., Campbell E.Y., Levi P.S., Ruegg J., Benbow M.E., Chaloner D.T., Merritt R.W., Tank J.L., Lamberti G.A. Separating physical disturbance and nutrient enrichment caused by Pacific salmon in stream ecosystems. Freshwater Biology 2009, 54:1864-1875.
93. Tutty B.D. Dune formations associated with multiple redd construction by chinook salmon in the upper Nechako River, British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Manuscript Reports Fisheries Aquatic Sciences, No. 1893 1986.
94. Viles H.A. Biogeomorphology 1988, Basil Blackwell, New York, NY.
95. Walter J.K., Bilby R.E., Fransen B.R. Effects of Pacific salmon spawning and carcass availability on the caddisfly Ecclisomyia conspersa (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Freshwater Biology 2006, 51:1211-1218.
96. Wilcock P.R., Kenworthy S.T., Crowe J.C. Experimental study of the transport of mixed sand and gravel. Water Resources Research 2001, 37:3349-3358.
97. Willson M.F., Gende S.M., Marston B.H. Fishes and the forest: expanding perspectives on fish-wildlife interactions. BioScience 2004, 48:455-462.
98. Wipfli M.S., Hudson J.P., Chaloner D.T., Caouette J.P. Influence of salmon spawner densities on stream productivity in southeast Alaska. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1999, 56:1600-1611.
99. Wright J.P., Jones C.G. The concept of organisms as ecosystem engineers ten years on: progress, limitations, and challenges. BioScience 2006, 56:203-209.
100. Young M.K., Hubert W.A., Wesche T.A. Substrate alteration by spawning brook trout in a southeastern Wyoming stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1989, 118:379-385.