Effect of processing conditions on properties of PET/Clay nanocomposite films

International Polymer Processing

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 219-228

  Ghasemi, H ^a   Carreau, P J ^a   Kamal, M R ^b   Chapleau, N ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APPLIED STRAIN; CHILL ROLL; CLAY LAYERS; CLAY PLATELETS; CLOISITE; FEEDING RATE; INTERLAYER DISTANCE; MACHINE DIRECTIONS; MACRO SCALE; MIXING ELEMENTS; OXYGEN PERMEABILITY; PROCESSING CONDITION; RESIDENCE TIME; SCREW SPEED; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TEM; UNIAXIAL STRETCHING; WIDE-ANGLE X-RAY DIFFRACTION; XRD PATTERNS;

POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATES; SCREWS; STRAIN; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS;

EID: 84860911959     PISSN: 0930777X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3139/217.2446     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Barber, G. D., et al., "Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Ionomer Based Clay Nanocomposites Produced via Melt Extrusion", Polymer, 46, 6706-6714 (2005), DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.024
2. Barker, C. P., et al., "Atomic Force Microscopy and Permeability Study of Stretching-induced Gas Barrier Loss of Alox Layers", Thin Solid Films, 259, 46-52 (1995), DOI:10.1016/0040-6090(95)80054-9
3. Bikiaris, D., et al., "A New Approach to Prepare Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Silica Nanocomposites with Increased Molecular Weight and Fully Adjustable Branching or Crosslinking by SSP", Macromol. Rapid Commun., 27, 1199-1205 (2006), DOI:10.1002/marc.200600268
4. Brandao L. S., et al., "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Lamellar Zirconium Phosphate Nanocomposites", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, 3868-3876 (2006). DOI:10.1002/app.24096
5. Chen, X., et al., "EffectoOf Molecular Weight on Crystallization, Melting Behavior and Morphology of Poly(trimethylene terephalate)", Polym. Test., 26, 144-153 (2007), DOI:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.08.011
6. Cho, J. W., Paul, D. R., "Nylon 6 Nanocomposites by Melt Compounding", Polymer, 42, 1083-1094 (2001), DOI:10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00380-3
7. Chung, J. W., et al., "Thermally Stable Exfoliated Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Nanocomposites as Prepared by Selective Removal of Organic Modifiers of Layered Silicate", Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 93, 252-259 (2008), DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.09.009
8. Costache, M. C., et al., "Preparation and Characterization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Clay Nanocomposites by Melt Blending Using Thermally Stable Surfactants", Polym. Advan. Technol., 17, 764-771 (2006), DOI:10.1002/pat.752
9. Davis, C. H., et al., "Effects of Melt-Processing Conditions on the Quality of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Montmorillonite Clay Nanocomposites", J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys., 40, 2661-2666 (2002), DOI:10.1002/polb.10331
10. Dennis, H. R., et al., "Effect of Melt Processing Conditions on the Extent of Exfoliation in Organoclay-based Nanocomposites" Polymer, 42, 9513-9522 (2001), DOI:10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00473-6
11. Fasulo, P. D., et al., "Extrusion Processing of TPO Nanocomposites", Polym. Eng. Sci., 44, 1036-1045 (2004), DOI:10.1002/pen.20097
12. Fornes, T. D., et al., "Nylon 6 Nanocomposites: The Effect of Matrix Molecular Weight", Polymer, 42, 9929-9940 (2002a), DOI:10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00552-3
13. Fornes, T. D., et al., "Effect of Organoclay Structure on Nylon 6 Nanocomposite Morphology and Properties", Polymer, 43, 5915-5933 (2002b), DOI:10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00400-7
14. Fornes, T. D., et al., "Effect of Sodium Montmorillonite Source on Nylon 6/Clay Nanocomposites", Polymer, 45, 2321-2331 (2004), DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.061
15. Ghasemi, H., et al., "Preparation and Characterization of PET/Clay Nanocomposites by Melt Compounding", Polym. Eng. Sci., in press (2011a)
16. Ghasemi, H., et al., "Properties of PET Nanocomposite Films", Polym. Eng. Sci., in press (2011b)
17. Gurmendi, U., et al., "Structure and Properties of Nanocomposites with a Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Matrix", Macromol. Mater. Eng., 292, 169-175 (2007), DOI:10.1002/mame.200600376
18. Hartley, P. A., Parfitt, G. D., "Dispersion of Powders in Liquids. 1. The Contribution of the Van Der Waals Force to the Cohesiveness of Carbon Black Powders", Langmuir, 1, 651-657 (1985), DOI:10.1021/la00066a003
19. Hotta, S., Paul, D. R., "Nanocomposites Formed From Linear Low Density Polyethylene and Organoclays" Polymer, 45, 7639-7654 (2004), DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.059
20. Ke, Z., Yongping, B., "Improve the Gas Barrier Property of PET Film with Montmorillonite by In Situ Interlayer Polymerization", Mater. Lett., 59, 3348-3351 (2005), DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.05.070
21. Kim, D., Lee, J. S., Barry, C. F., Mead, J. L., "Evaluation And Prediction Of The Effects Of Melt-Processing Conditions On The Degree Of Mixing In Alumina/Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Nanocomposites", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 109, 2924-2934 (2008), DOI:10.1002/app.28394
22. Lauritzen, J. I., Hoffman, J. D., "Extension of Theory of Growth of Chain-folded Polymer Crystals to Large Undercooling", J. Appl. Phys., 44, 4340 (1973), DOI:10.1063/1.1661962
23. Lertwimolnun, W., Vergnes, B., "Influence of Compatibilizer and Processing Conditions on the Dispersion of Nanoclay in a Polypropylene Matrix", Polymer, 46, 3462-3471 (2005), DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.018
24. Lertwimolnun, W., Vergnes, B., "Effect of Processing Conditions on the Formation of Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites in a Twin Screw Extruder" Polym. Eng. Sci., 46, 314-323 (2006), DOI:10.1002/pen.20458
25. Lertwimolnun, W., Vergnes, B., "Influence of Screw Profile and Extrusion Conditions on the Microstructure of Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites", Polym. Eng. Sci., 47, 2100-2109 (2007), DOI:10.1002/pen.20934
26. Li, X., et al., "Effect of Blending Sequence on the Microstructure and Properties of PBT/EVA-g-MAH/Organoclay Ternary Nanocomposites", Polym. Eng. Sci., 42, 2156-2164 (2002), DOI:10.1002/pen.11105
27. Lin, B., et al., "Nylon 66/Clay Nanocomposite Structure Development in a Twin Screw Extruder", Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 824-834 (2009), DOI:10.1002/pen.21327
28. Lu, C., Mai, Y. W., "Influence of Aspect Ratio on Barrier Properties of Polymer-clay Nanocomposites", Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 088303 (2005), DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.088303
29. Luo, Z. P., Koo, J. H., "Quantifying the Dispersion of Mixture Microstructures", J. Microsc., 225, 118-125 (2007), DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01722.x
30. Luo, Z. P., Koo, J. H., "Quantification of the Layer Dispersion Degree in Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites by Transmission Electron Microscopy", Polymer, 49, 1841-1852 (2008), DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.028
31. Manas-Zloczower, I.: "Mixing and Compounding of Polymers", Hanser, Munich, Ohio (2009)
32. Mckelvey, J. M.: Polymer Processing, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1962)
33. Modesti, M., et al., "Effect of Processing Conditions on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Polypropylene Nanocomposites", Polymer, 46, 10237-10245 (2005), DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.035
34. Peltola, P., et al., "Effect of Rotational Speed of Twin Screw Extruder on the Microstructure and Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Nanoclay-reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites", Polym. Eng. Sci., 46, 995-1000 (2006), DOI:10.1002/pen.20586
35. Ramirez-Vargas, E., et al., "Effect of Processing Conditions on the Structural Morphology of PP-EP/EVA/Organoclay Ternary Nanocomposites", Polym. Bull., 62, 391-403 (2009), DOI:10.1007/s00289-008-0015-x
36. Ray, S. S., et al., "Structure-Property Relationship in Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites", Macromolecules, 36, 2355-2367 (2003), DOI:10.1021/ma021728y
37. Schmachtenberg, E., et al., "Microwave Assisted HMDSO/Oxygen Plasma Coated Polyethylene Terephthalate Films: Effects of Process Parameters and Uniaxial Strain on Gas Barrier Properties, Surface Morphology, and Chemical Composition", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 1485-1495 (2006), DOI:10.1002/app.21266
38. Spencer, R. S., Wiley R. M., "The Mixing of Very Viscous Liquids", J. Colloid Sci., 6, 133-145 (1951), DOI:10.1016/0095-8522(51)90033-5
39. Roy, P., "Optical Properties of Packaging Materials", Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting, 9, 173-180 (1993), DOI:10.1177/875608799300900302
40. Tanoue, S., et al., "Effect of Screw Rotation Speed on the Properties of Polystyrene/Organoclay Nanocomposites Prepared by a Twin-screw Extruder", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101, 1165-1173 (2006), DOI:10.1002/app.24004
41. Tarapow, J. A., et al., "Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Clay Content, Polymer/Clay Compatibility, and Processing Conditions", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 111, 768-778 (2009)
42. Todorov, L. V., Viana, J. C., "Characterization of PET Nanocomposites Produced by Different Melt-based Production Methods", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106, 1659-1669 (2007), DOI:10.1002/app.26716
43. Xu, X., et al., "Degradation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Clay Nanocomposites during Melt Extrusion: Effect of Clay Catalysis and Chain Extension", Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 94, 113-123 (2009), DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.09.009
44. Yano, K., et al., "Synthesis and Properties of Polyimide-clay Hybrid Films", J. Polym. Sci. A1, 35, 2289-2294 (1997)
45. Zhao, Z., et al., "Effects of Surfactant Loadings on the Dispersion of Clays in Maleated Polypropylene", Langmuir, 19, 7157-7159 (2003), DOI:10.1021/la034575w
46. Zhu, L., Xanthos, M., "Effects of Process Conditions and Mixing Protocols on Structure of Extruded Polypropylene Nanocomposites", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93, 1891-1899 (2004), DOI:10.1002/app.20658