Empirical evidence of the economic importance of Central Himalayan forests to rural households

Forest Policy and Economics

Volumn 20, Issue , 2012, Pages 25-35

  Rayamajhi, Santosh ^a   Smith Hall, Carsten ^a   Helles, Finn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Diversification; Forest dependency; Forest income; Livelihoods; Nepal; Rural households

Indexed keywords

DIVERSIFICATION; FOREST DEPENDENCY; FOREST INCOME; LIVELIHOODS; NEPAL; RURAL HOUSEHOLDS;

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; SURVEYS;

FORESTRY;

AGRICULTURE; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DIVERSIFICATION; FORESTS; INCOMES; NEPAL;

EID: 84860885039     PISSN: 13899341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.02.007     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Adhikari B. Poverty, property rights and collective action: understanding the distributive aspects of common property resource management. Environment and Development Economics 2005, 10:7-31.
2. Adhikari B., Falco S.D., Lovett J.C. Household characteristics and forest dependency: evidence from common property forest management in Nepal. Ecological Economics 2004, 48:245-257.
3. Adhikari B., Williams F., Lovett J.C. Local benefits from community forests in the middle hills of Nepal. Forest Policy and Economics 2007, 9:464-478.
4. Anderson E., Deshingkar P. Livelihood diversification in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. Rural livelihoods and poverty reduction policies 2005, 62-81. Routledge, London. F. Ellis, H.A. Freeman (Eds.).
5. Angelsen A., Wunder S. Exploring the forest-poverty link: key concepts, issues and research implications. CIFOR Occasional Paper no. 40 2003.
6. Aryal B., Angelsen A. Poor participants and even poorer free riders in Nepal's community forestry programme 2007, Department of Economics and Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas.
7. Babulo B., Muys B., Nega F., Tollens E., Nyssen J., Deckers J., Mathijs E. The economic contribution of forest resource use to rural livelihoods in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 2009, 11:109-117.
8. Baral N., Stern M.J., Heinen J.T. Integrated conservation and development project life cycles in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: is development overpowering conservation?. Biodiversity and Conservation 2007, 16:2903-2917.
9. Bhandari B.S., Grant M. Analysis of livelihood security: a case study in the Kali-Khola watershed of Nepal. Journal of Environmental Management 2007, 85:17-26.
10. Bishop B.C. Karnali under stress - livelihood strategies and seasonal rhythms in a changing Nepal Himalaya. Geography Research Paper Nos. 228-29 1990, University of Chicago, Chicago.
11. Blaikie P., Coppard D. Environmental change and livelihood diversification in Nepal: where is the problem?. Himalayan Research Bulletin 1998, XVIII:28-39.
12. Blaikie P., Cameron J., Seddon D. Understanding 20 years of change in West-Central Nepal: continuity and change in lives and ideas. World Development 2002, 30:1255-1270.
13. Bohle H.-G., Adhikari J. Rural livelihoods at risk: how Nepalese farmers cope with food insecurity. Mountain Research and Development 1998, 18:321-332.
14. Cavendish W. Empirical regularities in the poverty-environment relationship of rural households: evidence from Zimbabwe. World Development 2000, 28:1979-2003.
15. Cavendish W. Quantitative methods for estimating the economic value of resource use to rural households. Uncovering the hidden harvest: valuation methods for woodland and forest resources 2002, 17-66. Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. B.M. Campbell, M.K. Luckert (Eds.).
16. Chhetri B.B.K. Income distribution disparity and inequality measure: the case of community forests in Kaski, Nepal. IOF Discussion Paper 5 2005, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara.
17. Cunningham A.B. Applied ethnobotany 2001, Earthscan Publications, London.
18. Davis B., Winters P., Carletto G., Covarrubias K., Quiñones E.J., Zezza A., Stamoulis K., Azzarri C., Digiuseppe S. A cross-country comparison of rural income generating activities. World Development 2010, 38:48-63.
19. Degen A.A., Kam M., Pandey S.B., Upreti C.R., Pandey S., Regmi P. Transhumant pastoralism in yak production in the lower Mustang District of Nepal. Nomadic Peoples 2007, 11:57-85.
20. Dev O.P., Yadav N.P., Springate-Baginski O., Soussan J. Impacts of community forestry on livelihoods in the middle hills of Nepal. Journal of Forest and Livelihood 2003, 3:64-77.
21. Ellis F., Freeman H.A. Comparative evidence from four African countries. Rural livelihoods and poverty reduction policies 2005, 31-47. Routledge, London. F. Ellis, H.A. Freeman (Eds.).
22. Fisher M. Household welfare and forest dependence in Southern Malawi. Environment and Development Economics 2004, 9:135-154.
23. Gilmour D.A., Fisher R.J. Villagers, forests and foresters 1991, Sahayogi Press Pvt Ltd, Kathmandu.
24. Godoy R., Overman H., Demmer J., Apaza L., Byron E., Huanca T., Leonard W., Perez E., Reyes-Garcia V., Vadez V., Wilkie D., Cubas A., McSweeney K., Brokaw N. Local financial benefits of rain forests: comparative evidence from Amerindian societies in Bolivia and Honduras. Ecological Economics 2002, 40:397-409.
25. Gunatilake H.M., Senaratne D.M.A.H., Abeygunawardena P. Role of non-timber forest products in the economy of peripheral communities of Knuckles National Wilderness Area of Sri Lanka: a farming systems approach. Economic Botany 1993, 47:275-281.
26. Hegde R., Enters T. Forest products and household economy: a case study from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India. Environmental Conservation 2000, 27:250-259.
27. Kamanga P., Vedeld P., Sjaastad E. Forest incomes and rural livelihoods in Chiradzulu District, Malawi. Ecological Economics 2009, 68:613-624.
28. Larsen H.O., Olsen C.S., Boon T.E. The non-timber forest policy process in Nepal: actors, objectives and power. Forest Policy and Economics 2000, 1:267-281.
29. Lund J.F., Larsen H.O., Chhetri B.B.K., Rayamajhi S., Nielsen Ø.J., Olsen C.S., Uberhuaga P., Puri L., Prado J.P.P. When theory meets reality - how to do forest income surveys in practice. Forest & Landscape Working Paper No. 29-2008 2008, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
30. Maltsoglou I., Taniguchi K. Poverty, livestock and household typologies in Nepal. ESA Working Paper No. 04-15 2004, Agricultural and Development Economics Division, FAO, Rome.
31. Mamo G., Sjaastad E., Vedeld P. Economic dependence on forest resources: a case from Dendi District, Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 2007, 9:916-927.
32. McElwee P.D. Forest environmental income in Vietnam: household socioeconomic factors influencing forest use. Environmental Conservation 2008, 35:147-159.
33. Metz J.J. A framework for classifying subsistence production types of Nepal. Human Ecology 1989, 17:147-176.
34. Micevska M., Rahut D.B. Rural nonfarm employment and incomes in the Himalayas. Economic Development and Cultural Change 2008, 57:163-193.
35. Narain U., Gupta S., van't Veld K. Poverty and resource dependence in rural India. Ecological Economics 2008, 66:161-176.
36. Neumann R.P., Hirsch E. Commercialisation of non-timber forest products: review and analysis of research 2000, CIFOR, Bogor.
37. Nielsen Ø.J., Rayamajhi S., Uberhuaga P., Smith-Hall C., Meilby H. Quantifying rural livelihood strategies in developing countries using an activity choice approach 2010, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
38. Oksanen T., Mersmann C. Forests in poverty reduction strategies - an assessment of PRSP processes in sub-Saharan Africa. Forests in poverty reduction strategies: capturing the potential, EFI Proceedings No. 47 2003, 121-155. T. Oksanen, B. Pajari, T. Tuomasjukka (Eds.).
39. Olsen C.S. A framework for integrating villages, vegetation and non-timber forest products in Central Nepal. Forestry Discussion Paper 3 1996, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen.
40. Olsen C.S. Forests sustain livelihoods. Vital forest graphics 2008, 16-17. UNEP, Arendal. C. Lambrechts, M.L. Wilkie, I. Rucevska, M. Sen, K.M. Conrad, M. Joshi, L. Laestadius, L. Løvold, C. Martin, R. Päivinen, C.S. Olsen (Eds.).
41. Olsen C.S., Larsen H.O. Alpine medicinal plant trade and Himalayan mountain livelihood strategies. The Geographical Journal 2003, 169:243-254.
42. Olsen C.S., Larsen H.O., Meilby H., Nielsen Ø.J., Rayamajhi S., Herslund L. Empirically based analysis of household-level adaptive capacity in the Central Himalaya. Paper presented at the Climate Change Conference, 12 March, Copenhagen 2009.
43. PEN PEN technical guidelines version 4 2007, Poverty and Environment Network, accessed 1 July 2008. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/pen.
44. PEN PEN Nepali questionnaire 2007, Poverty and Environment Network, accessed 9 June 2008. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/pen.
45. PEN, undated. PEN data cleaning procedure. Poverty and Environment Network, http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/pen, accessed 26 January 2010.
46. Rayamajhi, S., 2009. Forest dependency, livelihoods and conservation of high altitude forests in Nepal. PhD thesis, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
47. Rayamajhi S., Olsen C.S. Estimating forest products value in Central Himalaya - methodological experiences. Scandinavian Forest Economics 2008, 42:468-488.
48. Rijal S.P. Livelihood strategies and income level of people of Modi Watershed, Nepal. Himalayan Review 2006, 37:19-37.
49. Sjaastad E., Angelsen A., Vedeld P., Bojö J. What is environmental income?. Ecological Economics 2005, 55:37-46.
50. Spiteri A., Nepal S.K. Evaluating local benefits from conservation in Nepal's Annapurna Conservation Area. Environmental Management 2008, 42:391-401.
51. Thoms C.A. Community control of resources and the challenge of improving local livelihoods: a critical examination of the community forestry in Nepal. Geoforum 2008, 39:1452-1465.
52. Tschakert P., Coomes O.T., Potvin C. Indigenous livelihoods, slash-and-burn agriculture, and carbon stocks in Eastern Panama. Ecological Economics 2007, 60:807-820.
53. Vedeld P., Angelsen A., Bojö J., Sjaastad E., Berg G.K. Forest environmental incomes and the rural poor. Forest Policy and Economics 2007, 9:869-879.
54. Vinding M. The Thakali: A Himalayan Ethnography 1998, Serindia Publication, London.
55. Wooldridge J.M. Introductory econometrics 2006, Thomson/South-Western, Mason. Third ed.