Magnetic fields in the large-scale structure of the universe

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 166, Issue 1-4, 2012, Pages 1-35

  Ryu, D ^a   Schleicher, D R G ^b   Treumann, R A ^c   Tsagas, C G ^d   Widrow, L M ^e  

^a Chungnam National University   (South Korea)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^c ISSI   (Switzerland)

^d ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^e QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Large scale structure of the universe; Magnetic field; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

EARLY UNIVERSE; INTRA-CLUSTER MEDIUM; LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE; LARGE SCALE STRUCTURES; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION;

ASTRONOMY; PLANETARY SURFACE ANALYSIS; TURBULENCE;

MAGNETIC FIELDS;

EID: 84860785480     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: 15729672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-011-9839-z     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. T. Abel G.L. Bryan M.L. Norman 2002 The formation of the first star in the universe Science 295 93 98 10.1126/science.1063991 2002Sci...295...93A
2. A. Achterberg J. Wiersma 2007 The Weibel instability in relativistic plasmas. I. Linear theory Astron. Astrophys. 475 1 36 10.1051/0004-6361:20065365 2007A&A...475....1A 1206.85015
3. J. Adams U.H. Danielson D. Grasso H.R. Rubinstein 1996 Distortion of the acoustic peaks in the CMBR due to a primordial magnetic field Phys. Lett. B 388 253 258 10.1016/S0370-2693(96)01171-9 1996PhLB..388..253A
4. T. Akahori D. Ryu 2010 Faraday rotation measure due to the intergalactic magnetic field Astrophys. J. 723 467 481 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/476 2010ApJ...723..476A
5. J. Aleksić and MAGIC Collaboration, et al. 2010 Search for an extended VHE γ-ray emission from Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 with the MAGIC Telescope Astron. Astrophys. 524 A77 10.1051/0004-6361/201014747
6. T.G. Arshakian R. Beck M. Krause D. Sokoloff 2009 Evolution of magnetic fields in galaxies and future observational tests with the Square Kilometre Array Astron. Astrophys. 494 21 32 10.1051/0004-6361:200810964 2009A&A...494...21A
7. J.D. Barrow P.G. Ferreira J. Silk 1997 Constraints on a primordial magnetic field Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3610 3613 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3610 1997PhRvL..78.3610B
8. J.D. Barrow R. Maartens C.G. Tsagas 2007 Cosmology with inhomogeneous magnetic fields Phys. Rep. 449 131 171 10.1016/j.physrep.2007.04.006 2328834 2007PhR...449..131B
9. E. Battaner E. Florido J. Jimenez-Vicente 1997 Magnetic fields and large scale structure in a hot universe. I. General equations Astron. Astrophys. 326 13 22 1997A&A...326...13B
10. A.R. Bell 2004 Turbulent amplification of magnetic field and diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic rays Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 353 550 558 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08097.x 2004MNRAS.353..550B
11. L. Biermann 1950 Über den Ursprung der Magnetfelder auf Sternen und im interstellaren Raum Z. Naturforsch. A 5 65 71 37631 1950ZNatA...5...65B 0036.28701
12. A. Bonafede L. Feretti M. Murgia F. Govoni G. Giovannini D. Dallacasa K. Dolag G.B. Taylor 2010 The Coma cluster magnetic field from Faraday rotation measures Astron. Astrophys. 513 A30 10.1051/0004-6361/200913696 2010A&A...513A..30B
13. J.R. Bond L. Kofman D. Pogosyan 1996 How filaments of galaxies are woven into the cosmic web Nature 380 603 606 10.1038/380603a0 1996Natur.380..603B
14. A. Brandenburg K. Subramanian 2005 Astrophysical magnetic fields and nonlinear dynamo theory Phys. Rep. 417 1 209 10.1016/j.physrep.2005.06.005 2169958 2005PhR...417....1B
15. A. Brandenburg, K. Subramanian, D.D. Sokoloff, Turbulent dynamos. Space Sci. Rev. (2010, this issue)
16. V. Bromm A. Loeb 2003 Formation of the first supermassive black holes Astrophys. J. 596 34 46 10.1086/377529 2003ApJ...596...34B
17. S. Brown D. Farnsworth L. Rudnick 2010 Cross-correlation of diffuse synchrotron and large-scale structures Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 402 2 6 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15867.x 2010MNRAS.402....2B
18. M. Brüggen, A. Bykov, D. Ryu, H. Röttgering, Magnetic fields, relativistic particles, and shock waves in cluster outskirts. Space Sci. Rev. (2010, this issue)
19. M. Bruni, Cosmological collapses of irrotational dust, in Mapping, measuring and modelling the universe, ed. by P. Coles, V. Martinez, M.-J. Pons-Borderia. ASP Conference Series, vol. 94 (1996), pp. 31-36
20. M. Bruni R. Maartens C.G. Tsagas 2003 Magnetic field amplification in cold dark matter anisotropic collapse Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 338 785 789 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06095.x 2003MNRAS.338..785B
21. C. Caprini R. Durrer 2002 Gravitational wave production: a strong constraint on primordial magnetic fields Phys. Rev. D 65 023517 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.023517 2002PhRvD..65b3517C
22. C.L. Carilli, S. Rawlings, Science with the Square Kilometre Array. New Astronomy Reviews, vol. 48. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004)
23. C.L. Carilli G.B. Taylor 2002 Cluster magnetic fields Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 40 319 348 10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093852 2002ARA&A..40..319C
24. R. Cassano G. Brunetti T. Venturi G. Setti D. Dallacasa S. Giacintucci S. Bardelli 2008 Revised statistics of radio halos and the reacceleration model Astron. Astrophys. 480 687 697 10.1051/0004-6361:20078986 2008A&A...480.. 687C
25. + ions in helium and argon Aust. J. Phys. 38 587 601 1985AuJPh..38..587C
26. R. Cen J.P. Ostriker 1999 Where are the baryons? Astrophys. J. 514 1 6 10.1086/306949 1999ApJ...514....1C
27. R. Cen J.P. Ostriker 2006 Where are the baryons? II. Feedback effects Astrophys. J. 650 560 572 10.1086/506505 2006ApJ...650..560C
28. R. Cen J.P. Ostriker J.X. Prochaska A.M. Wolfe 2003 Metallicity evolution of damped Ly systems in ΛCDM cosmology Astrophys. J. 598 741 755 10.1086/378881 2003ApJ...598..741C
29. J. Cho D. Ryu 2009 Characteristic lengths of magnetic field in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence Astrophys. J. 705 L90 L94 10.1088/0004-637X/705/ 1/L90 2009ApJ...705L..90C
30. J. Cho E.T. Vishniac 2000 The generation of magnetic fields through driven turbulence Astrophys. J. 538 217 225 10.1086/309127 2000ApJ...538..217C
31. J. Cho E.T. Vishniac A. Beresnyak A. Lazarian D. Ryu 2009 Growth of magnetic fields induced by turbulent motions Astrophys. J. 693 1449 1461 10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1449 2009ApJ...693.1449C
32. P.C. Clark S.C.O. Glover R.S. Klessen V. Bromm 2011 Gravitational fragmentation in turbulent primordial gas and the initial mass function of population III stars Astrophys. J. 727 110 10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/110 2011ApJ...727..110C
33. T.E. Clarke 2004 Faraday rotation observations of magnetic fields in galaxy clusters J. Korean Astron. Soc. 37 337 342 2004JKAS...37..337C
34. T.E. Clarke P.P. Kronberg H. Böhringer 2001 A new radio-X-ray probe of galaxy cluster magnetic fields Astrophys. J. 547 L111 L114 10.1086/318896 2001ApJ...547L.111C
35. S. Das H. Kang D. Ryu J. Cho 2008 Propagation of ultra-high-energy protons through the magnetized cosmic web Astrophys. J. 682 29 38 10.1086/588278 2008ApJ...682...29D
36. G. Davies L.M. Widrow 2000 A possible mechanism for generating galactic magnetic fields Astrophys. J. 540 755 764 10.1086/309358 2000ApJ...540..755D
37. C.D. Dermer M. Cavadini S. Razzaque J.D. Finke J. Chiang B. Lott 2011 Time delay of cascade radiation for TeV blazars and the measurement of the intergalactic magnetic field Astrophys. J. Lett. 733 L21 L24 10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/L21 2011ApJ...733L..21D
38. 2 diffusion cross sections J. Phys. B 15 1371 1376 10.1088/0022-3700/15/9/013 1982JPhB...15.1371D
39. K. Dolag M. Bartelmann H. Lesch 2002 Evolution and structure of magnetic fields in simulated galaxy clusters Astron. Astrophys. 387 383 395 10.1051/0004-6361:20020241 2002A&A...387..383D
40. J. Donnert K. Dolag H. Lesch E. Müller 2009 Cluster magnetic fields from galactic outflows Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 392 1008 1021 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14132.x 2009MNRAS.392.1008D
41. A.J. Fennelly C.R. Evans 1980 Magnetohydrodynamic perturbations of Robertson-Walker universes and of anisotropic Bianchi type-I universes Nuovo Cimento A 60 1 45 10.1007/BF02723065 604493
42. C. Federrath S. Sur D.R.G. Schleicher R. Banerjee R.S. Klessen 2011 A new jeans resolution criterion for (M)HD simulations of self-gravitating gas: application to magnetic field amplification by gravity-driven turbulence Astrophys. J. 71 62 10.1088/0004-637X/731/1/62 2011ApJ...731...62F
43. B.D. Fried 1959 Mechanism for instability of transverse plasma waves Phys. Fluids 2 337 10.1063/1.1705933 114839 1959PhFl....2..337F
44. S. Fromang S.A. Balbus C. Terquem J. De Villiers 2004 Evolution of self-gravitating magnetized disks. II. Interaction between magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and gravitational instabilities Astrophys. J. 616 364 375 10.1086/424829 2004ApJ...616..364F
45. S.C.O. Glover D.W. Savin 2009 Is cooling ever important in primordial gas? Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 393 911 948 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14156.x 2009MNRAS.393..911G
46. F. Govoni L. Feretti 2004 Magnetic fields in clusters of galaxies Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 13 1549 1594 10.1142/S0218271804005080 2004IJMPD..13.1549G 1062.85004
47. D. Grasso H.R. Rubinstein 2001 Magnetic fields in the early universe Phys. Rep. 348 163 266 10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00110-1 2001PhR...348..163G
48. A. Gruzinov 2001 Gamma-ray burst phenomenology, shock dynamics, and the first magnetic fields Astrophys. J. Lett. 563 L15 L18 10.1086/324223 2001ApJ...563L..15G
49. A. Gruzinov E. Waxman 1999 Gamma-ray burst afterglow: polarization and analytic light curves Astrophys. J. 511 852 861 10.1086/306720 1999ApJ...511..852G
50. D. Guidetti M. Murgia F. Govoni P. Parma L. Gregorini H.R. deRuiter R.A. Cameron R. Fanti 2008 The intracluster magnetic field power spectrum in Abell 2382 Astron. Astrophys. 483 699 713 10.1051/0004-6361:20078576 2008A&A...483..699G
51. N.E.L. Haugen A. Brandenburg W. Dobler 2004 Simulations of nonhelical hydromagnetic turbulence Phys. Rev. E 70 016308 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.016308 2004PhRvE..70a6308H
52. N.E.L. Haugen A. Brandenburg W. Dobler 2004 High-resolution simulations of nonhelical MHD turbulence Astrophys. Space Sci. 292 53 60 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000045000.08395.a3 2004Ap&SS.292...53H 1064.85007
53. N.E.L. Haugen A. Brandenburg A.J. Mee 2004 Mach number dependence of the onset of dynamo action Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 353 947 952 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08127.x 2004MNRAS.353..947H
54. F. Hoyle 1969 Magnetic fields and highly condensed objects Nature 223 936 10.1038/223936a0 1969Natur.223..936H
55. C.H. Jaroschek M. Hoshino 2009 Radiation dominated relativistic current sheets Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 075002 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.075002 2009PhRvL.103g5002J
56. C.H. Jaroschek H. Lesch R.A. Treumann 2005 Ultra-relativistic plasma shell collision s in gamma-ray burst sources: dimensional effects and the final steady state magnetic field Astrophys. J. 618 822 831 10.1086/426066 2005ApJ...618..822J
57. C.H. Jaroschek M. Hoshino H. Lesch R.A. Treumann 2008 Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets Adv. Space Res. 41 481 490 10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.001 2008AdSpR..41..481J
58. H. Kang D. Ryu R. Cen D. Song 2005 Shock-heated gas in the large-scale structure of the universe Astrophys. J. 620 21 30 10.1086/426931 2005ApJ...620...21K
59. H. Kang D. Ryu R. Cen J.P. Ostriker 2007 Cosmological shock waves in the large-scale structure of the universe: nongravitational effects Astrophys. J. 669 729 740 10.1086/521717 2007ApJ...669..729K
60. K.T. Kim P.P. Kronberg G. Giovannini T. Venturi 1989 Discovery of intergalactic radio emission in the Coma-A1367 supercluster Nature 341 720 723 10.1038/341720a0 1989Natur.341..720K
61. K.T. Kim P.P. Kronberg P.D. Dewdney T.L. Landecker 1990 The halo and magnetic field of the Coma cluster of galaxies Astrophys. J. 355 29 37 10.1086/168737 1990ApJ...355...29K
62. E.-J. Kim A.V. Olinto R. Rosner 1996 Generation of density perturbations by primordial magnetic fields Astrophys. J. 468 28 50 10.1086/177667 1996ApJ...468...28K
63. E.W. Kolb, M.S. Turner, The Early Universe (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, 1990)
64. M. Krause P. Alexander R. Bolton J. Geisbüsch D.A. Green J. Riley 2009 Measurements of the cosmological evolution of magnetic fields with the Square Kilometre Array Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 400 646 656 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15489.x 2009MNRAS.400..646K
65. P.P. Kronberg Q.W. Dufton H. Li S.A. Colgate 2001 Magnetic energy of the intergalactic medium from galactic black holes Astrophys. J. 560 178 186 10.1086/322767 2001ApJ...560..178K
66. R.M. Kulsrud E.G. Zweibel 2008 On the origin of cosmic magnetic fields Rep. Prog. Phys. 71 046901 10.1088/0034-4885/71/4/046901 2008RPPh...71d6901K
67. R.M. Kulsrud R. Cen J.P. Ostriker D. Ryu 1997 The protogalactic origin for cosmic magnetic fields Astrophys. J. 480 481 491 10.1086/303987 1997ApJ...480..481K
68. M.I. Large D.S. Mathewson C.G.T. Haslam 1959 A high-resolution survey of the Coma cluster of galaxies at 408 Mc/s Nature 183 1663 1664 10.1038/1831663a0 1959Natur.183.1663L
69. R.B. Larson 1969 Numerical calculations of the dynamics of collapsing proto-star Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 145 271 295 1969MNRAS.145..271L
70. A. Lazarian 1992 Diffusion-generated electromotive force and seed magnetic field problem Astron. Astrophys. 264 326 330 1992A&A...264..326L
71. M.N. Machida K. Omukai T. Matsumoto S. Inutsuka 2006 The first jets in the universe: protostellar jets from the first stars Astrophys. J. Lett. 647 L1 L4 10.1086/507326 2006ApJ...647L...1M
72. M.N. Machida S. Inutsuka T. Matsumoto 2008 T. High- and low-velocity magnetized outflows in the star formation process in a gravitationally collapsing cloud Astrophys. J. 676 1088 1108 10.1086/528364 2008ApJ...676.1088M
73. H. Maki H. Susa 2004 Dissipation of magnetic flux in primordial gas clouds Astrophys. J. 609 467 473 10.1086/421103 2004ApJ...609..467M
74. S. Matarrese, Relativistic cosmology: from superhorizon to small scales, in Dark Matter in the Universe, ed. by S. Bonometto, J.R. Primack, A. Provenzale (IOS Press, Oxford, 1996), pp. 601-628
75. M.V. Medvedev A. Loeb 1999 Generation of magnetic fields in the relativistic shock of gamma-ray burst sources Astrophys. J. 526 697 706 10.1086/308038 1999ApJ...526..697M
76. M.V. Medvedev L.O. Silva M. Kamionkowski 2006 Cluster magnetic fields from large-scale structure and galaxy cluster shocks Astrophys. J. Lett. 642 L1 L4 10.1086/504470 2006ApJ...642L...1M
77. F. Miniati A.R. Bell 2011 Resistive magnetic field generation at cosmic dawn Astrophys. J. 729 73 10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/73 2011ApJ...729...73M
78. P.C. Myers V.K. Khersonsky 1995 On magnetic turbulence in interstellar clouds Astrophys. J. 442 186 196 10.1086/175434 1995ApJ...442..186M
79. D. Nagai A. Vikhlinin A.V. Kravtsov 2007 Testing X-ray measurements of galaxy clusters with cosmological simulations Astrophys. J. 655 98 108 10.1086/509868 2007ApJ...655...98N
80. A. Neronov I. Vovk 2010 Evidence for strong extragalactic magnetic fields from Fermi observations of TeV Blazars Science 328 73 75 10.1126/science. 1184192 2010Sci...328...73N
81. K.I. Nishikawa J. Niemiec P.E. Hardee M. Medvedev H. Sol Y. Mizuno B. Zhang M. Pohl M. Oka D.H. Hartmann 2009 Weibel instability and associated strong fields in a fully three-dimensional simulation of a relativistic shock Astrophys. J. Lett. 698 L10 L13 10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/L10 2009ApJ...698L..10N
82. P.J.E. Peebles 1968 Recombination of the primeval plasma Astrophys. J. 153 1 11 10.1086/149628 1968ApJ...153....1P
83. M.V. Penston 1969 Dynamics of self-gravitating gaseous spheres. III. Analytical results in the free-fall of isothermal cases Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 144 425 448 1969MNRAS.144..425P
84. C. Pfrommer V. Springel T.A. Enlin M. Jubelgas 2006 Detecting shock waves in cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 367 113 131 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09953.x 2006MNRAS.367..113P
85. C. Pinto D. Galli 2008 Three-fluid plasmas in star formation. II. Momentum transfer rate coefficients Astron. Astrophys. 484 17 28 10.1051/0004-6361:20078819 2008A&A...484...17P 1148.85318
86. C. Pinto D. Galli F. Bacciotti 2008 Three-fluid plasmas in star formation. I. Magneto-hydrodynamic equations Astron. Astrophys. 484 1 15 10.1051/0004-6361:20078818 2008A&A...484....1P 1148.85319
87. R.E. Pudritz J. Silk 1989 The origin of magnetic fields and primordial stars in protogalaxies Astrophys. J. 342 650 659 10.1086/167625 1989ApJ...342..650P
88. 2 system in a rigid-rotor approximation: potential energy surface and transport coefficients J. Phys. B 35 1707 1725 10.1088/0953-4075/35/7/309 2002JPhB...35.1707R
89. K. Roettiger J.M. Stone J.O. Burns 1999 Magnetic field evolution in merging clusters of galaxies Astrophys. J. 518 594 602 10.1086/307298 1999ApJ...518..594R
90. D. Ryu, H. Kang, Vorticity and turbulence in the large-scale structure of the universe, in Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows (Astronum 2007), ed. by N.V. Pogorelov, E. Audit, G.P. Zank. ASP Conference Series, vol. 385 (2008), pp. 44-49
91. D. Ryu J.P. Ostriker H. Kang R. Cen 1993 A cosmological hydrodynamic code based on the total variation diminishing scheme Astrophys. J. 414 1 19 10.1086/173051 1993ApJ...414....1R
92. D. Ryu H. Kang P.L. Biermann 1998 Cosmic magnetic fields in large scale filaments and sheets Astron. Astrophys. 335 19 25 1998A&A...335...19R
93. D. Ryu H. Kang E. Hallman T.W. Jones 2003 Cosmological shock waves and their role in the large-scale structure of the universe Astrophys. J. 593 599 610 10.1086/376723 2003ApJ...593..599R
94. D. Ryu H. Kang J. Cho S. Das 2008 Turbulence and magnetic fields in the large-scale structure of the universe Science 320 909 912 10.1126/science. 1154923 2008Sci...320..909R
95. D. Ryu S. Das H. Kang 2010 Intergalactic magnetic field and arrival direction of ultra-high-energy Protons Astrophys. J. 710 1422 1431 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1422 2010ApJ...710.1422R
96. T.V. Ruzmaikina A.A. Ruzmaikin 1971 Gravitational stability of an expanding universe in the presence of a magnetic field Sov. Astron. 14 963 966 1971SvA....14..963R
97. J.I. Sakai R. Schlickeiser P.K. Shukla 1999 Simulation studies of magnetic field generation in cosmological plasmas Phys. Lett. A 330 384 389 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.08.007 2004PhLA..330..384S
98. A.A. Schekochihin S.C. Cowley S.F. Taylor J.L. Maron J.C. McWilliams 2004 Simulations of the small-scale turbulent dynamo Astrophys. J. 612 276 307 10.1086/422547 2004ApJ...612..276S
99. A.A. Schekochihin, M. Brüggen, L. Feretti, M.W. Kunz, L. Rudnick, Magnetic fields in galaxy clusters: why bother. Space Sci. Rev. (2010, this issue)
100. D.R.G. Schleicher R. Banerjee R.S. Klessen 2008 Reionization: a probe for the stellar population and the physics of the early universe Phys. Rev. D 78 083005 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.083005 2008PhRvD..78h3005S
101. D.R.G. Schleicher D. Galli S.C.O. Glover R. Banerjee F. Palla R. Schneider R.S. Klessen 2009 The influence of magnetic fields on the thermodynamics of primordial star formation Astrophys. J. 703 1096 1106 10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/1096 2009ApJ...703.1096S
102. D.R.G. Schleicher R. Banerjee S. Sur T.G. Arshakian R.S. Klessen R. Beck M. Spaans 2010 Small-scale dynamo action during the formation of the first stars and galaxies. I. The ideal MHD limit Astron. Astrophys. 522 A115 10.1051/0004-6361/201015184 2010A&A...522A.115S
103. R. Schlickeiser P.K. Shukla 2003 Cosmological magnetic field generation by the Weibel instability Astrophys. J. Lett. 599 L57 L60 10.1086/381246 2003ApJ...599L..57S
104. P. Schuecker A. Finoguenov F. Miniati H. Böhringer U.G. Briel 2004 Probing turbulence in the Coma galaxy cluster Astron. Astrophys. 426 387 397 10.1051/0004-6361:20041039 2004A&A...426..387S
105. S. Seager D.D. Sasselov D. Scott 1999 A new calculation of the recombination epoch Astrophys. J. Lett. 523 L1 L5 10.1086/312250 1999ApJ...523L...1S
106. S.K. Sethi K. Subramanian 2005 Primordial magnetic fields in the post-recombination era and early reionization Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 356 778 788 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08520.x 2005MNRAS.356..778S
107. S.K. Sethi B.B. Nath K. Subramanian 2008 Primordial magnetic fields and formation of molecular hydrogen Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 387 1589 1596 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13302.x 2008MNRAS.387.1589S
108. J. Silk M. Langer 2006 On the first generation of stars Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 371 444 450 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10689.x 2006MNRAS.371..444S
109. A.G. Sitenko, Electromagnetic Fluctuations in Plasma (Academic Press, New York, 1967). Chap. 4
110. S.W. Skillman B.W. O'Shea E. Hallman J.O. Burns M.L. Norman 2008 Cosmological shocks in adaptive mesh refinement simulations and the acceleration of cosmic rays Astrophys. J. 689 1063 1077 10.1086/592496 2008ApJ...689.1063S
111. R.S. de Souza R. Opher 2010 Origin of magnetic fields in galaxies Phys. Rev. D 81 067301 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.067301 2010PhRvD..81f7301D
112. K. Subramanian 1999 Unified treatment of small- and large-scale dynamos in helical turbulence Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 2957 2960 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2957 1999PhRvL..83.2957S
113. K. Subramanian J.D. Barrow 1998 Magnetohydrodynamics in the early universe and the damping of nonlinear Alfvén waves Phys. Rev. D 58 083502 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.083502 1998PhRvD..58h3502S
114. K. Subramanian D. Narashimha S.M. Chitre 1994 Thermal generation of cosmological seed magnetic fields in ionization fronts Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 271 L15 L18 1994MNRAS.271L..15S
115. S. Sur D.R.G. Schleicher R. Banerjee C. Federrath R.S. Klessen 2010 The generation of strong magnetic fields during the formation of the first stars Astrophys. J. Lett. 721 L134 L138 10.1088/2041-8205/721/2/L134 2010ApJ...721L.134S
116. S.I. Syrovatskii, in Interstellar Gas Dynamics, ed by H.J. Habing (Springer, New York, 1970)
117. H. Takami K. Sato 2008 Distortion of ultra-high-energy sky by galactic magnetic field Astrophys. J. 681 1279 1286 10.1086/588513 2008ApJ...681.1279T
118. J.C. Tan E.G. Blackman 2004 Protostellar disk dynamos and hydromagnetic outflows in primordial star formation Astrophys. J. 603 401 413 10.1086/381668 2004ApJ...603..401T
119. H. Tashiro N. Sugiyama 2006 Early reionization with primordial magnetic fields Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 368 965 970 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10178.x 2006MNRAS.368..965T
120. The Pierre Auger Collaboration 2007 Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects Science 318 938 943 10.1126/science.1151124 2007Sci...318..938P
121. R.A. Treumann R. Nakamura W. Baumjohann 2010 Collisionless reconnection: mechanism of self-ignition in thin plane current homogeneous sheets Ann. Geophys. 28 1935 1943 10.5194/anngeo-28-1935-2010 2010AnGeo..28.1935T
122. C.G. Tsagas 2002 Gravitational waves and cosmic magnetism: a cosmological approach Class. Quantum Gravity 19 3709 3722 10.1088/0264-9381/19/14/311 1922147 2002CQGra..19.3709T 1004.83063
123. C.G. Tsagas J.D. Barrow 1997 A gauge-invariant analysis of magnetic fields in general-relativistic cosmology Class. Quantum Gravity 14 2539 2562 10.1088/0264-9381/14/9/011 1477806 1997CQGra..14.2539T 0888.53071
124. C.G. Tsagas R. Maartens 2000 Magnetized cosmological perturbations Phys. Rev. D 61 083519 10.1103/PhysRevD.61.083519 2000PhRvD..61h3519T
125. C.G. Tsagas R. Maartens 2000 Cosmological perturbations on a magnetized Bianchi I background Class. Quantum Gravity 17 2215 2241 10.1088/0264-9381/17/ 11/305 1763108 2000CQGra..17.2215T 0957.83044
126. M.J. Turk T. Abel B. O'Shea 2009 The formation of population III binaries from cosmological initial conditions Science 325 601 605 10.1126/science. 1173540 2009Sci...325..601T
127. F. Vazza G. Brunetti C. Gheller 2009 Shock waves in Eulerian cosmological simulations: main properties and acceleration of cosmic rays Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 395 1333 1354 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14691.x 2009MNRAS.395.1333V
128. C. Vogt T. Enlin 2005 A Bayesian view on Faraday rotation maps seeing the magnetic power spectra in galaxy clusters Astron. Astrophys. 434 67 76 10.1051/0004-6361:20041839 2005A&A...434...67V
129. S. Wang 2010 New primordial-magnetic-field limit from the latest LIGO S5 data Phys. Rev. D 81 023002 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.023002 2010PhRvD..81b3002W
130. I. Wasserman 1978 On the origins of galaxies, galactic angular momenta and galactic magnetic fields Astrophys. J. 224 337 343 10.1086/156381 1978ApJ...224..337W
131. E. Weibel 1959 Spontaneously growing transverse waves in a plasma due to anisotropic velocity distribution Phys. Rev. Lett. 2 83 84 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 2.83 1959PhRvL...2...83W
132. L.M. Widrow 2002 Origin of galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 775 823 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.775 2002RvMP...74..775W
133. L.M. Widrow, D. Ryu, D.R.G. Schleicher, K. Subramanian, R.A. Treumann, C. Tsagas, The first magnetic fields. Space Sci. Rev. (2010, this issue)
134. H. Xu B.W. O'Shea D.C. Collins M.L. Norman H. Li S. Li 2008 The Biermann battery in cosmological MHD simulations of population III star formation Astrophys. J. Lett. 688 L57 L60 10.1086/595617 2008ApJ...688L..57X
135. Y. Xu P.P. Kronberg S. Habib Q.W. Dufton 2006 A Faraday rotation search for magnetic fields in large-scale structure Astrophys. J. 637 19 26 10.1086/498336 2006ApJ...637...19X
136. N. Yoshida K. Omukai L. Hernquist 2008 Protostar formation in the early universe Science 321 669 671 10.1126/science.1160259 2008Sci...321..669Y
137. Y.B. Zeldovich 1970 The hypothesis of cosmological magnetic inhomogeneity Sov. Astron. 13 608 611 1970SvA....13..608Z
138. Y.B. Zeldovich 1970 Separation of uniform matter into parts under the action of gravitation Astrofizika 6 319 335 1970Afz.....6..319Z
139. Y.B. Zeldovich V.G. Kurt R.A. Sunyaev 1969 Recombination of hydrogen in the hot model of the universe Sov. Phys. JETP 28 146 150 1969JETP...28..146Z
140. Y.B. Zeldovich, A.A. Ruzmaikina, D.D. Sokolov, Magnetic Fields in Astrophysics (Gordon & Breach, New York, 1983)