Falsify the currency!

South Atlantic Quarterly

Volumn 111, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 359-379

  Hardt, Michael ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860755693     PISSN: 00382876     EISSN: 15278026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/00382876-1548257     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. I explore the notion of biopolitical militancy that Foucault develops in these lectures in "The Militancy of Theory", South Atlantic Quarterly 110, no. 1(2011):19-35.
2. Michel Foucault, Le courage de la vérité: le gouvernement de soi et des autres II, Cours au Collège de France, 1983-1984 (The Courage of the Truth: The Government of Self and Others, vol. 2, Lectures at the Collège de France, 1983-1984), ed. Frédéric Gros (Paris: Gallimard/Seuil, 2009), 222.
3. For the classic analysis and indictment of casino capitalism, see Susan Strange, Casino Capitalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986).
4. Alain Badiou, "De quel réel cette crise est-elle le spectacle?" ("Of Which Real Is This Crisis the Spectacle?"), Le monde, October 18, 2008. Badiou rightly critiques the standard narrative that the cause of the current crisis is explained by the disjunction between the real and fictional economies.
5. For a sample of this extensive literature, see Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Commonwealth (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009);
6. Yann Moulier Boutang, Cognitive Capitalism (London: Polity Press, 2011);
7. and Andrea Fumagalli, Bioeconomia e capitalismo cognitivo (Bioeconomics and Cognitive Capitalism) (Rome: Carocci, 2007).
8. Michael Foucault, "Entretien", in Dits et écrits, vol. 4, ed. Daniel Denfert and François Ewald (Paris: Gallimard, 1994), 41-95, 74.
9. This is published in English as Michel Foucault, Remarks on Marx: Conversations with Duccio Trombadori (New York: Semiotext (e), 1991).
10. For Marx's analysis of the contest between mobile and immobile forms of property, see Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, in Early Writings, trans. Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton (London: Penguin, 1975), 279-400, 336-41.
11. In their excellent analysis of derivatives, Edward LiPuma and Benjamin Lee do not characterize the current era in terms of real and fictional economies but instead make a claim that we are undergoing a shift from a production-centered economy to a circulation-centered one dominated by speculative capital. See Li Puma and Lee, Financial Derivatives and the Globalization of Risk (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004).
12. For relevant critical assessments of the labor theory of value, see Moishe Postone, Time, Labor, and Social Domination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993);
13. Antonio Negri, Marx beyond Marx (New York: Autonomedia, 1989);
14. and Antonio Negri, "Twenty Theses on Marx", in Marxism beyond Marxism, ed. Saree Makdisi, Cesare Casarino, and Rebecca Karl (New York: Routledge, 1995), 149-80.
15. Christian Marazzi, "The Violence of Financial Capitalism", in Crisis in the Global Economy, ed. Andrea Fumagalli and Sandro Mezzadra, trans. Jason Francis McGimsey (New York: Semiotext (e), 2010), 17-59, 36.
16. Li Puma and Lee, Financial Derivatives, 141.
17. Robert Skidelsky, Keynes: The Return of the Master (New York: Public Affairs, 2009), 32-42 and 83-88.
18. Dick Bryan and Michael Rafferty, "Financial Derivatives and the Theory of Money", Economy and Society 36, no. 1(2007):134-58, 142.
19. Lawrence Grossberg, "Modernity and Commensuration", Cultural Studies 24, no. 3(2010):295-332, 299.
20. Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics, ed. Michel Senellart, trans. Graham Burchell (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008); hereafter cited parenthetically by page number. Even though these lectures were delivered before the Thatcher and Reagan governments implemented neoliberalism, Foucault grasps some of the dominant elements of neoliberalism under which we live today, primarily through readings of German-language authors and postwar actions of the German government.
21. On Foucault's interpretation of the cynics, see Hardt, "The Militancy of Theory."
22. Michel Foucault, "Le chef mythique de la révolte de l'Iran" ("The Mythical Leader of the Revolt in Iran"), in Dits et écrits, vol. 3(Paris: Gallimard, 1994), 713-16, 716.
23. During this same period Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari wrote of the emergence of a new planetary war machine in very similar terms. "The war machine reforms a smooth space that now claims to control, to surround the entire earth. Total war itself is surpassed, toward a form of peace more terrifying still. The war machine has taken charge of the aim, worldwide order, and the States are now no more than objects or means adapted to that machine." Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, trans. Brian Massumi (1980; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987), 421.
24. Foucault, "Le chef mythique", 715.
25. Michel Foucault, "Réponse de Michel Foucault à une lectrice iranienne" ("Response from Michel Foucault to a Female Iranian Reader"), in Dits et écrits, vol. 3, 708.
26. Michel Foucault, "L'esprit d'un monde sans esprit" ("The Spirit of a World without Spirit"), in Dits et écrits, vol. 3, 743-55, 749, 754.
27. Dr. Kugelmann, in Civil War in France: The Paris Commune [New York: International Publishers, 1989], 87). Foucault remains inspired, despite their defeat, by the biopolitical nature of the struggles, that is, their aim to produce new forms of life, new subjectivities, a new existence.
28. Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978, trans. Graham Burchell (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
29. Giuseppe Cocco, "As biolutas e a constituição do comum" ("Biostruggles and the Constitution of the Common"), Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil, no. 46(2011):36-37.
30. Raúl Sanchez Cedillo, "15M, multitude que se sirve de máscaras para ser una" ("15M, the Multitude That Uses Masks in Order to Be One"), Madrilonia.orgblog, http://madrilonia.org/?p=3177 (accessed July 8, 2011).
31. See also Toni Negri, "Riflessioni spagnole" ("Spanish Reflections"), UniNomade 2.0 blog, June 4, 2011, http://uninomade.org/ rifessioni-spagnole/ (accessed July 8, 2011).