Can mailed swab samples be dry-shipped for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis by nucleic acid amplification tests?

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Volumn 73, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 16-20

  Gaydos, Charlotte A ^a   Farshy, Carol ^b   Barnes, Mathilda ^a   Quinn, Nicole ^a   Agreda, Patricia ^a   Rivers, Charles A ^c   Schwebke, Jane ^c   Papp, John ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Chlamydia; Dry shipped simulated swabs; Gonorrhea; NAAT testing; Trichomonas

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DILUTION; DISEASE CONTROL; DRY SHIPPED SIMULATED SWAB; GENE REPLICATION; INOCULATION; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MICROORGANISM DETECTION; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION; POSTAL MAIL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHIPPING; TRANSPORT MEDIUM; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; VAGINA SMEAR;

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; DESICCATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES; PILOT PROJECTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SPECIMEN HANDLING; TEMPERATURE; TIME FACTORS; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84860740030     PISSN: 07328893     EISSN: 18790070     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.02.008     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. CDC Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2009 2010, US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
2. CDC Sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines (2010) MMWR Dec 17, 2010. Available at:, CDC 59:1-110. http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010.
3. Cook R.L., Ostergaard L., Hillier S.L., Murray P.J., Chang C.C., Comer D.M., et al. Home screening for sexually transmitted diseases in high risk young women: randomized controlled trial. Sex Transm Inf 2007, 83:285-291.
4. Cotch M.F., Pastorek J.G., Nugent R.P., Hillier S.L., Gibbs R.S., Martin D.H., et al. Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. Sex Tansmit Dis 1997, 24:353-360.
5. Gaydos C.A., Rompalo A.M. The use of urine and self-obtained vaginal swabs for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2002, 4:148-157.
6. Gaydos C.A., Barnes M., Aumakham B., Quinn N., Agreda P., Whittle P., et al. Can E-technology through the Internet be used as a new tool to address the Chlamydia trachomatis epidemic by home sampling and vaginal swabs?. Sex Tansmit Dis 2009, 36:577-580.
7. Gaydos C.A., Crotchfield K.A., Shah N., Tennant M., Quinn T.C., Gaydos J.C., et al. Evaluation of dry and wet transported intravaginal swabs in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in female soldiers by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2002, 40:758-761.
8. Gaydos C.A., Dwyer K., Barnes M., Rizzo-Price P.A., Wood B.J., Flemming T., et al. Internet based screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to reach non-clinic populations with mailed self-administered vaginal swabs. Sex Tansmit Dis 2006, 33:451-457.
9. Gaydos C.A., Hsieh Y.H., Barnes M., Quinn N., Jett-Goheen M., Whittle P., et al. Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women who submit self-collected vaginal samples after Internet recruitment. Sex Transm Dis 2011, 38:828-832.
10. Grasek A.A., Secura G.M., Allsworth J.E., Madden T., Peipert J.F. Home-screening compared with clinic-based screening for sexually transmitted infections. Obstet Gynecol 2010, 115:745-752.
11. Hardick A., Wood B.J., Holden J., Agreda P., Gaydos C.A. Comparison of sensitivity for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis serial dilutions in dry swabs by GEN-PROBE APTIMA COMBO 2®, ROCHE AMPLICOR PCR, and Becton Dickinson ProbeTec™ ET Tests. 105th ASM Annual Meet, Atlanta, GA, June 5-9, C-068 2005, 46.
12. Hobbs M.M., Van Der Pol B., Totten P., Gaydos C.A., Wald A., Warren T., et al. From the NIH: proceedings of a workshop on the importance of self-obtained vaginal specimens for detection of sexually transmitted infections. Sex Tansmit Dis 2008, 35:8-13.
13. Huang W., Gaydos C.A., Barnes M., Jett-Goheen M., Blake D.R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis screening via Internet-based self-collected swabs compared to clinic-based sample collection. Sex Transm Dis 2011, 38:815-820.
14. Maciosek M.V., Coffield A.B., Edwards N.M., Flottemesch J.T., Goodman M.J., Solberg L.I. Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: results of a systematic review and analysis. Am J Prev Med 2006, 31:52-61.
15. Masek B.J., Arora N., Quinn N., Aumakham B., Holden J., Hardick A., et al. Performance of three nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of self-collected vaginal swabs obtained via an Internet-based screening program. J Clin Microbiol 2009, 47:1663-1667.
16. Michel C.E., Sonnex C., Carne C.A., Michel C.E., Sonnex C., Carne C.A., et al. Chlamydia trachomatis load at matched anatomic sites: implications for screening strategies. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45:1395-1402.
17. Millman K., Black C.M., Johnson R.E., Stamm W.E., Jones R.B., Hook E.W., et al. Population-based genetic and evolutionary analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital strain variation in the United States. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:2457-2465.
18. National Committee for Quality Assurance The State of Health Care Quality 2010: HEDIS Measures of Care, Washington, DC 43-44. http://www.ncqa.org/portals/0/state%20of%20health%20care/2010/SOHC%202010%20-%20Full2.pdf.
19. Novak D.P., Karlsson R.B. Simplifying chlamydia testing: an innovative Chlamydia trachomatis testing approach using the internet and a home sampling strategy: population based study. Sex Transm Infect 2006, 82:142-147.
20. Ostergaard L., Andersen B., Moller J.K., Olesen F. Home sampling versus conventional swab sampling for screening of Chlamydia trachomatis in women: a cluster-randomized 1-year follow-up study. Clin Inf Dis 2000, 31:951-957.
21. Ostergaard L., Anderson B., Olesen F., et al. Efficacy of home sampling for screening of Chlamydia trachomatis: randomized study. BMJ 1998, 317:26-27.
22. Papp J., Taylor S., Knaup R., McGloster N., Steece R., Phillips C., et al. Effect of specimen transport temperatures encountered during postal shipping on detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) using GenProbe Aptima Combo 2 2007.
23. Shafer M.A., Moncada J., Boyer C.B., Betsinger K., Flinn S.D., Schachter J. Comparing first-void urine specimens, self-collected vaginal swabs, and endocervical specimens to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by a nucleic acid amplification test. J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41:4395-4399.
24. Schachter J., Chernesky M.A., Willis D.E., Fine P.M., Martin D.H., Fuller D., et al. Vaginal swabs are the specimens of choice when screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: results from a multicenter evaluation of the APTIMA assays for both infections. Sex Transmit Dis 2005, 32:725-728.
25. Schachter J., McCormick W.M., Chernesky M.A., Martin D.H., Van Der Pol B., Rice P., et al. Vaginal swabs are appropriate specimens for diagnosis of genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41:3784-3789.
26. Schwebke J.R., Burgess D. Trichomoniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004, 17:794-803.
27. Smith K.J., Cook R.L., Ness R.B. Cost comparisons between home- and clinic-based testing for sexually transmitted diseases in high-risk young women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2007, 2007:62467.
28. U.S.Preventive Services Task Force Screening for chlamydial infection: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2007, 147:128-134.
29. van den Broek I.V.F., Hoebe C.J.P.A., van Bergen J.E.A.M., Brouwers E.E.H.G., Feijter E.M., Fennema J.S.A., et al. Evaluation design of a systemic selective internet-based Chlamydia trachomatis screening implementation in the Netherlands, 2008-2010: implications of first results for the analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2010, 10:89.
30. Van Der Pol B., Ferrero D., Buck-Barrington L., Hook I.I.I.E., Lenderman C., Quinn T.C., et al. Multicenter evaluation of the BDProbeTec ET system for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine specimens, female endocervical swabs, and male urethral swabs. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:1008-1016.
31. Van Der Pol B., Williams J.A., Orr D.P., Batteiger B.E., Fortenberry J.D. Prevalence, incidence, natural history, and response to treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among adolescent women. J Infect Dis 2005, 192:2039-2044.
32. Weinstock H., Berman S., Cates W. Sexually transmitted disease among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2004, 36:6-10.
33. World Health Organization (WHO), (2010). Trichomonas. http://search.who.int/search?ie=utf8&site=default_collection&client=WHO&proxystylesheet=WHO&output=xml_no_dtd&oe=utf8&query=trichomonas.