메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 177, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 531-540

Former combatants in liberia: The Burden of possible traumatic brain injury among Demobilized combatants

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; COST OF ILLNESS; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HUMAN; LIBERIA; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; VETERAN;

EID: 84860634692     PISSN: 00264075     EISSN: 1930613X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00185     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (35)
  • 1
    • 84860610135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at, accessed February 15, 2011
    • United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Available at http://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/featurearticle_mar.asp; accessed February 15, 2011.
    • United States Department of Veterans Affairs
  • 2
    • 85038455813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at, accessed February 15, 2011
    • Vermont Veteran Services Directory. Available at http://veterans.vermont.gov/healthcare/tbi; accessed February 15, 2011.
    • Vermont Veteran Services Directory
  • 3
    • 85038468366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at, accessed February 15, 2011
    • Network of Care for Behavioral Health. Available at http://berks.pa.networkofcare.org/mh/library/detail.cfm?id=2278&cat=457; accessed February 15, 2011.
    • Network of Care for Behavioral Health
  • 4
    • 66749092224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health care for Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans
    • Burnam MA, Meredith LS, Tanielian T, Jaycox LH: Mental health care for Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans. Health Aff 2009; 28(3): 771-82.
    • (2009) Health Aff , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 771-782
    • Burnam, M.A.1    Meredith, L.S.2    Tanielian, T.3    Jaycox, L.H.4
  • 5
    • 85038451073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Rights Watch. How to Fight, How to Kill, Available at; accessed May 2
    • Human Rights Watch. How to Fight, How to Kill: Child Soldiers in Liberia. Available at http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/402d1e8a4.html; accessed May 2, 2011.
    • (2011) Child Soldiers in Liberia
  • 6
    • 84900146138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations, Available at, accessed May 1, 2011
    • United Nations. United Nations Mission in Liberia. Available at http://unmil.org/documents/sgreports/sg21pr.pdf; accessed May 1, 2011.
    • United Nations Mission in Liberia
  • 7
    • 49249087286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between combatant status and sexual violence and health and mental health in postconflict Liberia
    • Johnson K, Asher J, Rosborough S, et al: Association between combatant status and sexual violence and health and mental health in postconflict Liberia. JAMA 2008; 300(6): 676-90.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.6 , pp. 676-690
    • Johnson, K.1    Asher, J.2    Rosborough, S.3
  • 8
    • 85038460957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Center, Available at, accessed May 2
    • United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Center: Liberia. Available at http://www.unddr.org/country programmes.php?c=52&search=Liberia_DDR#approach; accessed May 2, 2011.
    • (2011) Liberia
  • 10
    • 34547622264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda: A randomized controlled trial
    • Bolton P, Bass J, Betancourt T, et al: Interventions for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007; 298(5): 519-27.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , Issue.5 , pp. 519-527
    • Bolton, P.1    Bass, J.2    Betancourt, T.3
  • 11
    • 3242881750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma and PTSD symptoms in Rwanda: Implications for attitudes toward justice and reconciliation
    • Pham PN, Weinstein HM, Longman T: Trauma and PTSD symptoms in Rwanda: implications for attitudes toward justice and reconciliation. JAMA 2004; 292(5): 602-12.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , Issue.5 , pp. 602-612
    • Pham, P.N.1    Weinstein, H.M.2    Longman, T.3
  • 12
    • 33846921322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic health, women's health, and mental health among internally displaced persons in Nyala Province, South Darfur, Sudan
    • Kim G, Torbay R, Lawry L: Basic health, women's health, and mental health among internally displaced persons in Nyala Province, South Darfur, Sudan. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(2): 353-61.
    • (2007) Am J Public Health , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 353-361
    • Kim, G.1    Torbay, R.2    Lawry, L.3
  • 13
    • 84878536917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Committee of the Red Cross, Available at, accessed April 27, 2011
    • International Committee of the Red Cross. The Geneva Conventions. Available at http://www.icrc.org/eng/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions/index.jsp; accessed April 27, 2011.
    • The Geneva Conventions
  • 15
    • 84870469320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, (Ed 4, text rev.) Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (Ed 4, text rev.) Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 17
    • 0034030630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the PTSD Symptom-Scale Interview Version and the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale
    • Foa EB, Tolin DF: Comparison of the PTSD Symptom-Scale Interview Version and the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale. J Trauma Stress 2000; 13(2): 181-191.
    • (2000) J Trauma Stress , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-191
    • Foa, E.B.1    Tolin, D.F.2
  • 18
    • 34547634884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to war crimes and implications for peace building in Northern Uganda
    • Vinck P, Pham PN, Stover E, Weinstein HM: Exposure to war crimes and implications for peace building in Northern Uganda. JAMA 2007; 298(5): 543-54.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-554
    • Vinck, P.1    Pham, P.N.2    Stover, E.3    Weinstein, H.M.4
  • 19
    • 45849124251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience
    • Betancourt T, Khan K: The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: protective processes and pathways to resilience. Int Rev Psychiatry 2008; 20(3): 317-28.
    • (2008) Int Rev Psychiatry , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-328
    • Betancourt, T.1    Khan, K.2
  • 20
    • 33846921322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic, mental, and women's health among internally displaced persons in Nyala province, South Darfur, Sudan
    • Kim G, Torbay R, Lawry L: Basic, mental, and women's health among internally displaced persons in Nyala province, South Darfur, Sudan. American J Public Health 2007; 97(2): 353-61.
    • (2007) American J Public Health , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 353-361
    • Kim, G.1    Torbay, R.2    Lawry, L.3
  • 21
    • 85038454767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Available at; accessed May 2
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Suicidal Ideation. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/suicide/definitions.html; accessed May 2, 2011.
    • (2011) Suicidal Ideation
  • 24
    • 0035875146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: Preclinical and clinical studies
    • Heim C, Nemeroff CB: The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 49: 1023-39.
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 1023-1039
    • Heim, C.1    Nemeroff, C.B.2
  • 25
    • 84977322098 scopus 로고
    • Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and "use-dependent" development of the brain: How "states" become traits
    • Perry BD, Pollard RA, Blakley TL, Baker WI, Vigilante D: Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and "use-dependent" development of the brain: how "states" become "traits". Infant Ment Health J 1995; 16(4): 271-91.
    • (1995) Infant Ment Health J , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-291
    • Perry, B.D.1    Pollard, R.A.2    Blakley, T.L.3    Baker, W.I.4    Vigilante, D.5
  • 26
    • 28644446595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and social interventions for individuals with traumatic brain injury: A summary of the research with clinical implications
    • Ylvisaker M, Turkstra LS, Coelho C: Behavioral and social interventions for individuals with traumatic brain injury: a summary of the research with clinical implications. Semin Speech Lang 2005; 26(4): 256-67.
    • (2005) Semin Speech Lang , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 256-267
    • Ylvisaker, M.1    Turkstra, L.S.2    Coelho, C.3
  • 27
    • 85038479464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reintegration and reconciliation February-March 2006, United Nations Development Program, Available at; accessedMay 2
    • Pugel J; United Nations Development Program: Key findings from the nation-wide survey of ex-combatants in Liberia: reintegration and reconciliation February-March 2006. Available at http://www.lr.undp.org/Ex-combatants%20Nationwide%20Survey%20-%20Key%20Findings.pdf; accessedMay 2, 2011.
    • (2011) Key findings from the nation-wide survey of ex-combatants in Liberia
    • Pugel, J.1
  • 28
    • 0035185860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between head injuries and psychiatric disorders: Findings from the New Haven NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study
    • Silver JM, Kramer R Greenwald S, Weissman M: The association between head injuries and psychiatric disorders: findings from the New Haven NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Brain Inj 2001; 15: 935-45.
    • (2001) Brain Inj , vol.15 , pp. 935-945
    • Silver, J.M.1    Kramer, R.2    Greenwald, S.3    Weissman, M.4
  • 30
    • 0034816657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide after traumatic brain injury: A population study
    • Teasdale TW, Engberg AW: Suicide after traumatic brain injury: a population study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71: 436-70.
    • (2001) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 436-470
    • Teasdale, T.W.1    Engberg, A.W.2
  • 31
    • 84966765363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1993-2003: Report of the Mapping Exercise documenting the most serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law committed within the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between March 1993 and June 2003. United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, August 2010. Available at, accessed November 12
    • United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner: Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1993-2003: Report of the Mapping Exercise documenting the most serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law committed within the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between March 1993 and June 2003. August 2010. Available at http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/DRC_MAPPING_REPORT_FINAL_EN.pdf, accessed November 12, 2010.
    • (2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • 32
    • 77955288334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Johnson K, Scott J, Rughita B, et al: Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Democratic Republic of Congo. JAMA 2010; 304(5): 553-62.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , Issue.5 , pp. 553-562
    • Johnson, K.1    Scott, J.2    Rughita, B.3
  • 33
    • 68349113736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Steel Z, Chey T, Silove D, Marnane C, Bryant RA, van Ommeren M: Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2009; 302(5): 537-49.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-549
    • Steel, Z.1    Chey, T.2    Silove, D.3    Marnane, C.4    Bryant, R.A.5    van Ommeren, M.6
  • 34
    • 0030739036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of responses to SF-36 Health Survey questions with oneweek and four-week recall periods
    • Keller SD, Bayliss MS, Ware JE, Hsu MA, Damiano AM, Goss TF: Comparison of responses to SF-36 Health Survey questions with oneweek and four-week recall periods. Health Serv Res 1997; 32(3): 367-84.
    • (1997) Health Serv Res , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 367-384
    • Keller, S.D.1    Bayliss, M.S.2    Ware, J.E.3    Hsu, M.A.4    Damiano, A.M.5    Goss, T.F.6
  • 35
    • 0035710182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What happens if you retest autobiographical memory 10 years on?
    • Burt CD, Kemp S, Conway M: What happens if you retest autobiographical memory 10 years on? Mem Cognit 2001; 29: 127-36.
    • (2001) Mem Cognit , vol.29 , pp. 127-136
    • Burt, C.D.1    Kemp, S.2    Conway, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.