Availability and rational use of drugs in primary healthcare facilities following the National Drug Policy of 1982: Is Bangladesh on right track?

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 99-108

  Ahmed, Syed Masud ^a   Islam, Qazi Shafayetul ^a  

^a RESEARCH AND EVALUATION DIVISION   (Bangladesh)

Author keywords

Bangladesh; Costs and cost analysis; Drug use; Drugs; Health expenditure; National drug policy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860562813     PISSN: 16060997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v30i1.11289     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Chaudhury RR, Parameswar R, Gupta U, Sharma S, Tekur U, Bapna JS. Quality medicines for the poor: experiences of the Delhi programme on rational use of drugs. Health Policy Plan 2005;20:124-36.
2. Swedish International Development Agency. Improving access to essential pharmaceuticals. Stockholm: Department for Democracy and Social Development, Swedish International Development Agency, 2001. 12 p.
3. Islam N. Bangladesh national drug policy: an example for the Third World? Trop Doct 1999;29:78-80.
4. Reich MA. Bangladesh pharmaceutical policy and politics. Health Policy Plan 1994;9:130-43.
5. Begum R. Pharmaceutical industries: potentials and possibilities. NDC J 2007;6:73-89.
6. Omer K, Cockcroft A. Bangladesh hospital improvement initiative: follow-up community based user's survey: final report. London: CIET Europe, 2003. 51 p. (http://www.ciet.org/_documents/2006227135026.pdf, accessed on 1 July 2011).
7. Guyon AB, Barman A, Ahmed JU, Ahmed AU, Alam MS. A baseline survey on use of drugs at the primary health care level in Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 1994;72:265-71.
8. Bangladesh. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. List of essential drugs. Bangladesh Gazette Notification No. janashasthya-1/oushod-13/2006/187 dated 22 May 2008. Dhaka: Public Health-1 Branch, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, 2008. (http://www.searo.who.int/Link-Files/Essential_Drugs_and_Medicines_BAN1.pdf, accessed on 4 July 2011).
9. Roy P. Essential drugs turn costlier: 20 top pharmaceutical companies to set minimum selling price. Daily Star 2005 Oct 13;5:1.
10. World Health Organization. Drug control and distribution in Bangladesh: a case study. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1985. 8 p. (WHO/CONRAD/WP/2.4.1).
11. World Bank. Public and private sector approaches to improving pharmaceutical quality in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Human Development Unit, South Asia Region, World Bank, 2008. 48 p. (Bangladesh development series no. 23).
12. Kamat VR, Nichter M. Pharmacies, self-medication and pharmaceutical marketing in Bombay, India. Soc Sci Med 1998;47:779-94.
13. Bangladesh. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Bangladesh national health accounts, 1999-2001. Dhaka: Health Economics Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, 2003. 189 p.
14. Islam MS, Farah SS. Misleading promotion of drugs in Bangladesh: evidence from drug promotional brochures distributed to general practitioners by the pharmaceutical companies. J Public Health (Oxf) 2007;29:212-3.
15. Babu MM. Factors contributing to the purchase of over the counter (OTC) drugs in Bangladesh: an empirical study. Internet J Third World Med 2008;6:20. (http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-third-world-medicine/volume-6-number-2/factors-contributing-to-the-purchase-of-over-thecounter-otc-drugs-in-bangladesh-an-empirical-study.html, accessed on 3 July 2011).
16. Fake drugs flood Bangladesh. Pharma industry: South Asia. A Chronicle Pharmabiz Special. Thursday, 28 October 2004. (http://saffron.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=24467§ionid=50, accessed on 4 July 2011).
17. United States Pharmacopeia. A review of drug quality in Asia with focus on anti-infectives. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeia, 2004. 51 p. (http://www.usp.org/pdf/EN/dqi/aneReview.pdf, accessed on 2 February 2011).
18. Cockcroft A, Andersson N, Milne D, Hossain MZ, Karim E. What did the public think of the health services reform in Bangladesh? Three national community-based surveys 1999-2003. Health Res Policy Systems 2007;5:1. (http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/5/1/1, accessed on 2 February 2011).
19. Essential laboratory services for NGO primary health care clinics in Bangladesh. Health Sci Bull 2007;5:4-9.
20. Brudon P, Rainhorn JD, Reich MR. Indicators for monitoring national drug policies: a practical manual. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999:17-29.
21. Islam MS. A review on the policy and practice of therapeutic drug uses in Bangladesh. Calicut Med J 2006;4:e2.
22. Ahmed SM, Islam QS. Rational use of essential drugs in the public and private sector PHC facilities in Bangladesh: current situation and future directions. Dhaka: James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 2009. 37 p. (Bangladesh Health Watch 2008 background paper no. 1).
23. World Health Organization. How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993. 92 p. (WHO/DAP/93.1) (EDM research series no. 007).
24. Bangladesh. Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development & Co-operatives. Second Urban Primary Health Care Project: quarterly performance report, Jan.- Mar. 2009. Dhaka: Project Management Unit, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development & Co-operatives, Government of Bangladesh, 2009. 44 p.
25. Jankovic SM, Vasic LM, Maksimovic MR, Cupurdija VB, Kostic IR, Kovacevic ZN. An analysis of drug use indicators in primary care health facilities operating in the city of Kragujevac. General practice on-line 1999. (http://priory.com/fam/Kosovo.htm, accessed on 4 July 2011).
26. Karande S, Sankhe P, Kulkarni M. Patterns of prescription and drug dispensing. Indian J Pediatr 2005;72:117-21.
27. Keohavong B, Syhakhang L, Sengaloundeth S, Nishimura A, Ito K. Rational use of drugs: prescribing and dispensing practice at public health facilities in Lao PDR. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006;5:344-7.
28. Nsimba SE. Assessing prescribing and patient care indicators for children under five years old with malaria and other disease conditions in public primary health care facilities. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2006;37:206-14.
29. Chareonkul C, Khun VL, Boonshuyar C. Rational drug use in Cambodia: study of three pilot health centers in Kampong Thom province. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002;33:418-24.
30. Arustiyono. Promoting rational use of drugs at the community health centers in Indonesia. Boston: Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 1999. (MPH dissertation). (http://archives.who.int/prduc2004/Resource_Mats/Asia_papers/PROMOTING%20RATIONAL%20USE%20OF%20DRUGS%20IN%20INDONESIA.htm, accessed on 4 July 2011).
31. Larsson M. Antibiotic use and resistance: assessing and improving utilization and provision of antibiotics and other drugs in Vietnam. Stockholm: Karolinska University Press, 2003. 92 p. (PhD thesis). (http://publications.ki.se/jspui/bitstream/10616/38492/1/ thesis.pdf, accessed on 4 July 2011).
32. Mendis S, Fukino K, Cameron A, Laing R, Filipe A, Jr., Khatib O et al. The availability and affordability of selected essential medicines for chronic diseases in six low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 2007;85:279-88.
33. Chowdhury N, Kabir ER. Per pill price differences across therapeutic categories: a study of the essential drugs brands marketed by multinational and local pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. Afr J Market Manage 2009;1:220-6.
34. Babar ZUD, Ibrahim MI, Singh H, Bukahri NI, Creese A. Evaluating drugs prices, availability, affordability, and price components: implications for access to drugs in Malaysia. PLoS Med 2007;4:e82.
35. Maïga D, Williams-Jones B. Assessment of the impact of market regulation in Mali on the price of essential medicines provided through the private sector. Health Policy 2010;97:130-5.
36. World Health Organization. The world medicines situation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004: 61-74. (WHO/EDM/PAR/2004.5).
37. van Doorslaer E, O'Donnell O, Rannan-Eliya RP, Somanathan A, Adhikari SR, Garg CC et al. Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia. Health Econ 2007;16:1159-84.
38. World Health Organization. The world health report 2000. Health systems: improving performance. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000. 215 p.
39. World Health Organization. Health laboratory services in support of primary healthcare in South-East Asia. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007. 235 p. (WHO regional publications, SEARO series no. 24).