메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 674-683

Use of beta-blockers for the treatment of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia: A systematic review

Author keywords

Advanced Life Support; Beta blockade; Beta blockers; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Ventricular fibrillation

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ATENOLOL; CARVEDILOL; CATECHOLAMINE; ESMOLOL; PHENYLEPHRINE; PLACEBO; PRAZOSIN; PROPRANOLOL; TROPONIN; VASOPRESSIN; ZATEBRADINE;

EID: 84860487124     PISSN: 03009572     EISSN: 18731570     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.01.025     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (46)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 79955863611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Care Science with Treatment Recommendations
    • ILCOR Writing Group
    • ILCOR Writing Group International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 2010, 81:e1-e332.
    • (2010) Resuscitation , vol.81
  • 2
    • 0037132575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing incidence of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, 1980-2000
    • Cobb L.A., Fahrenbruch C.E., Olsufka M., Copass M.K. Changing incidence of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, 1980-2000. JAMA 2002, 288:3008-3013.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 3008-3013
    • Cobb, L.A.1    Fahrenbruch, C.E.2    Olsufka, M.3    Copass, M.K.4
  • 3
    • 4444257415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current burden of sudden cardiac death: multiple source surveillance versus retrospective death certificate-based review in a large U.S. community
    • Chugh S.S., Jui J., Gunson K., et al. Current burden of sudden cardiac death: multiple source surveillance versus retrospective death certificate-based review in a large U.S. community. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 44:1268-1275.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 1268-1275
    • Chugh, S.S.1    Jui, J.2    Gunson, K.3
  • 4
    • 34247511150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a physician staffed emergency medical system according to the Utstein style
    • Estner H.L., Gunzel C., Ndrepepa G., et al. Outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a physician staffed emergency medical system according to the Utstein style. Am Heart J 2007, 153:792-799.
    • (2007) Am Heart J , vol.153 , pp. 792-799
    • Estner, H.L.1    Gunzel, C.2    Ndrepepa, G.3
  • 6
    • 66349093085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved patient survival using a modified resuscitation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Garza A.G., Gratton M.C., Salomone J.A., Lindholm D., McElroy J., Archer R. Improved patient survival using a modified resuscitation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2009, 119:2597-2605.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 2597-2605
    • Garza, A.G.1    Gratton, M.C.2    Salomone, J.A.3    Lindholm, D.4    McElroy, J.5    Archer, R.6
  • 7
    • 0019558485 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of epinephrine in resuscitation from asphyxial arrest
    • Otto C.W., Yakaitis R.W., Blitt C.D. Mechanism of action of epinephrine in resuscitation from asphyxial arrest. Crit Care Med 1981, 9:321-324.
    • (1981) Crit Care Med , vol.9 , pp. 321-324
    • Otto, C.W.1    Yakaitis, R.W.2    Blitt, C.D.3
  • 8
    • 0345707536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence favoring the use of an alpha2-selective vasopressor agent for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Pellis T., Weil M.H., Tang W., et al. Evidence favoring the use of an alpha2-selective vasopressor agent for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 2003, 108:2716-2721.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 2716-2721
    • Pellis, T.1    Weil, M.H.2    Tang, W.3
  • 9
    • 0021258173 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms by which epinephrine augments cerebral and myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs
    • Michael J.R., Guerci A.D., Koehler R.C., et al. Mechanisms by which epinephrine augments cerebral and myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Circulation 1984, 69:822-835.
    • (1984) Circulation , vol.69 , pp. 822-835
    • Michael, J.R.1    Guerci, A.D.2    Koehler, R.C.3
  • 10
    • 0026002759 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion defects induced by epinephrine during CPR
    • Tang W., Weil M.H., Gazmuri R.J., Sun S., Duggal C., Bisera J. Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion defects induced by epinephrine during CPR. Circulation 1991, 84:2101-2107.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 2101-2107
    • Tang, W.1    Weil, M.H.2    Gazmuri, R.J.3    Sun, S.4    Duggal, C.5    Bisera, J.6
  • 11
    • 0034307126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamines in cardiac arrest: role of alpha agonists, beta-adrenergic blockers and high-dose epinephrine
    • Hilwig R.W., Kern K.B., Berg R.A., Sanders A.B., Otto C.W., Ewy G.A. Catecholamines in cardiac arrest: role of alpha agonists, beta-adrenergic blockers and high-dose epinephrine. Resuscitation 2000, 47:203-208.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.47 , pp. 203-208
    • Hilwig, R.W.1    Kern, K.B.2    Berg, R.A.3    Sanders, A.B.4    Otto, C.W.5    Ewy, G.A.6
  • 12
    • 0030998739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac resuscitation. The search for hemodynamically more effective methods
    • Gazmuri R.J., Becker J. Cardiac resuscitation. The search for hemodynamically more effective methods. Chest 1997, 111:712-723.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 712-723
    • Gazmuri, R.J.1    Becker, J.2
  • 13
    • 0001801631 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake of the nonworking left ventricle
    • Mckeever W.P., Gregg D.E., Canney P.C. Oxygen uptake of the nonworking left ventricle. Circ Res 1958, 6:612-623.
    • (1958) Circ Res , vol.6 , pp. 612-623
    • Mckeever, W.P.1    Gregg, D.E.2    Canney, P.C.3
  • 14
    • 33645492506 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow during potassium-induced cardiac arrest and during ventricular fibrillation
    • Berglund E., Monroe R.G., Schreiner G.I. Myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow during potassium-induced cardiac arrest and during ventricular fibrillation. Acta Physiol Scand 1957, 41:261-268.
    • (1957) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.41 , pp. 261-268
    • Berglund, E.1    Monroe, R.G.2    Schreiner, G.I.3
  • 15
    • 0028876970 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine increases the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction
    • Tang W., Weil M.H., Sun S., Noc M., Yang L., Gazmuri R.J. Epinephrine increases the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Circulation 1995, 92:3089-3093.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 3089-3093
    • Tang, W.1    Weil, M.H.2    Sun, S.3    Noc, M.4    Yang, L.5    Gazmuri, R.J.6
  • 17
    • 4444367635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calstabin deficiency, ryanodine receptors, and sudden cardiac death
    • Lehnart S.E., Wehrens X.H., Marks A.R. Calstabin deficiency, ryanodine receptors, and sudden cardiac death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004, 322:1267-1279.
    • (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.322 , pp. 1267-1279
    • Lehnart, S.E.1    Wehrens, X.H.2    Marks, A.R.3
  • 18
    • 33847058737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic enhancement of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leak in cardiacmyocytes is mediated by calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase
    • Curran J., Hinton M.J., Ríos E., Bers D.M., Shannon T.R. Beta-adrenergic enhancement of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leak in cardiacmyocytes is mediated by calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase. Circ Res 2007, 100:391-398.
    • (2007) Circ Res , vol.100 , pp. 391-398
    • Curran, J.1    Hinton, M.J.2    Ríos, E.3    Bers, D.M.4    Shannon, T.R.5
  • 19
    • 14644421602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists at the human beta1, beta2 and beta3 adrenoceptors
    • Baker J.G. The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists at the human beta1, beta2 and beta3 adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 2005, 144:317-322.
    • (2005) Br J Pharmacol , vol.144 , pp. 317-322
    • Baker, J.G.1
  • 20
    • 77957002544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in pharmacology of beta-blockers may contribute to heterogeneous results in trials of perioperative beta-blockade
    • Badgett R.G., Lawrence V.A., Cohn S.L. Variations in pharmacology of beta-blockers may contribute to heterogeneous results in trials of perioperative beta-blockade. Anesthesiology 2010, 113:585-592.
    • (2010) Anesthesiology , vol.113 , pp. 585-592
    • Badgett, R.G.1    Lawrence, V.A.2    Cohn, S.L.3
  • 21
    • 69149107165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement
    • The PRISMA Group
    • Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151. The PRISMA Group.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.151
    • Moher, D.1    Liberati, A.2    Tetzlaff, J.3    Altman, D.G.4
  • 22
    • 0028133575 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic blockade reduces myocardial injury during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Ditchey R.V., Rubio-Perez A., Slinker B.K. Beta-adrenergic blockade reduces myocardial injury during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994, 24:804-812.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.24 , pp. 804-812
    • Ditchey, R.V.1    Rubio-Perez, A.2    Slinker, B.K.3
  • 23
    • 0027955206 scopus 로고
    • Phenylephrine plus propranolol improves the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Ditchey R.V., Slinker B.K. Phenylephrine plus propranolol improves the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am Heart J 1994, 127:324-330.
    • (1994) Am Heart J , vol.127 , pp. 324-330
    • Ditchey, R.V.1    Slinker, B.K.2
  • 24
    • 0027198960 scopus 로고
    • Effect of vasopressin on hemodynamic variables, organ blood flow and acid base status in a pig model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Lindner K.H., Brinkmann A., Pfenninger E.G., Lurie K.G., Goertz A., Lindner I.M. Effect of vasopressin on hemodynamic variables, organ blood flow and acid base status in a pig model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anesth Analg 1993, 77:427-435.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.77 , pp. 427-435
    • Lindner, K.H.1    Brinkmann, A.2    Pfenninger, E.G.3    Lurie, K.G.4    Goertz, A.5    Lindner, I.M.6
  • 25
    • 0031043968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of epinephrine and vasopressin in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation
    • Lindner K.H., Dirks B., Strohmenger H.U., Prengel A.W., Lindner I.M., Lurie K.G. Randomized comparison of epinephrine and vasopressin in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Lancet 1997, 349:535-537.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 535-537
    • Lindner, K.H.1    Dirks, B.2    Strohmenger, H.U.3    Prengel, A.W.4    Lindner, I.M.5    Lurie, K.G.6
  • 26
    • 78751592074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective beta blockade improves the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest
    • Theochari E., Xanthos T., Papadimitriou D., et al. Selective beta blockade improves the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest. Ann Ital Chir 2008, 79:409-414.
    • (2008) Ann Ital Chir , vol.79 , pp. 409-414
    • Theochari, E.1    Xanthos, T.2    Papadimitriou, D.3
  • 27
    • 2542457296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-acting beta-adrenergic antagonist esmolol given at reperfusion improves survival after prolonged ventricular fibrillation
    • Killingsworth C.R., Wei C.C., Dell'Italia L.J., et al. Short-acting beta-adrenergic antagonist esmolol given at reperfusion improves survival after prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 2004, 109:2469-2474.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 2469-2474
    • Killingsworth, C.R.1    Wei, C.C.2    Dell'Italia, L.J.3
  • 28
    • 68349112647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect and mechanism of esmolol given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine ventricular fibrillation model
    • Jingjun L., Yan Z., Weijie, Dongdong Z., Guosheng L., Mingwei B. Effect and mechanism of esmolol given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine ventricular fibrillation model. Resuscitation 2009, 80:1052-1059.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 1052-1059
    • Jingjun, L.1    Yan, Z.2    Weijie3    Dongdong, Z.4    Guosheng, L.5    Mingwei, B.6
  • 29
    • 7244227703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta1-adrenergic blockade during cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival
    • Cammarata G., Weil M.H., Sun S., Tang W., Wang J., Huang L. Beta1-adrenergic blockade during cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:S440-S443.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32
    • Cammarata, G.1    Weil, M.H.2    Sun, S.3    Tang, W.4    Wang, J.5    Huang, L.6
  • 30
    • 0032733747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the specific bradycardic agent zatebradine on hemodynamic variables and myocardial blood flow during the early postresuscitation phase in pigs
    • Strohmenger H.U., Wenzel V., Eberhard R., Guth B.D., Lurie K.G., Lindner K.H. Effects of the specific bradycardic agent zatebradine on hemodynamic variables and myocardial blood flow during the early postresuscitation phase in pigs. Resuscitation 1999, 42:211-220.
    • (1999) Resuscitation , vol.42 , pp. 211-220
    • Strohmenger, H.U.1    Wenzel, V.2    Eberhard, R.3    Guth, B.D.4    Lurie, K.G.5    Lindner, K.H.6
  • 31
    • 44449175541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atenolol in combination with epinephrine improves the initial outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation
    • Bassiakou E., Xanthos T., Koudouna E., et al. Atenolol in combination with epinephrine improves the initial outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation. Am J Emerg Med 2008, 26:578-584.
    • (2008) Am J Emerg Med , vol.26 , pp. 578-584
    • Bassiakou, E.1    Xanthos, T.2    Koudouna, E.3
  • 32
    • 20544437243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol mitigates adverse effects of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Huang L., Weil M.H., Sun S., Tang W., Fang X. Carvedilol mitigates adverse effects of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2005, 10:113-120.
    • (2005) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.10 , pp. 113-120
    • Huang, L.1    Weil, M.H.2    Sun, S.3    Tang, W.4    Fang, X.5
  • 33
    • 35748979399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blockers for the treatment of cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation?
    • Bourque D., Daoust R., Huard V., Charneux M. Beta-blockers for the treatment of cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation?. Resuscitation 2007, 75:434-444.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.75 , pp. 434-444
    • Bourque, D.1    Daoust, R.2    Huard, V.3    Charneux, M.4
  • 34
    • 0033882186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating electrical storm: sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy
    • Nademanee K., Taylor R., Bailey W.E., Rieders D.E., Kosar E.M. Treating electrical storm: sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy. Circulation 2000, 102:742-747.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 742-747
    • Nademanee, K.1    Taylor, R.2    Bailey, W.E.3    Rieders, D.E.4    Kosar, E.M.5
  • 35
    • 77951874372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-selective blocker, on electrical storm refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs
    • Miwa Y., Ikeda T., Mera H., et al. Effects of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-selective blocker, on electrical storm refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Circ J 2010, 74:856-863.
    • (2010) Circ J , vol.74 , pp. 856-863
    • Miwa, Y.1    Ikeda, T.2    Mera, H.3
  • 37
    • 35748972132 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol (inderal) in persistent ventricular fibrillation
    • Sloman G., Robinson J.S., Mclean K. Propranolol (inderal) in persistent ventricular fibrillation. Br Med J 1965, 1:895-896.
    • (1965) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 895-896
    • Sloman, G.1    Robinson, J.S.2    Mclean, K.3
  • 38
    • 0014027172 scopus 로고
    • Effect of propranolol on paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation
    • Iwatsuki K., Yusa T., Hashimoto Y., Watabe Y. Effect of propranolol on paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation. Tohoku J Exp Med 1966, 88:257-262.
    • (1966) Tohoku J Exp Med , vol.88 , pp. 257-262
    • Iwatsuki, K.1    Yusa, T.2    Hashimoto, Y.3    Watabe, Y.4
  • 39
    • 0014301058 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol in persistent ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction
    • Ikram H. Propranolol in persistent ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1968, 75:795-798.
    • (1968) Am Heart J , vol.75 , pp. 795-798
    • Ikram, H.1
  • 40
    • 0014404692 scopus 로고
    • Management of persistently recurring ventricular fibrillation with propranolol hydrochloride
    • Rothfeld E.L., Lipowitz M., Zucker I.R., Parsonnet V., Bernstein A. Management of persistently recurring ventricular fibrillation with propranolol hydrochloride. JAMA 1968, 204:546-548.
    • (1968) JAMA , vol.204 , pp. 546-548
    • Rothfeld, E.L.1    Lipowitz, M.2    Zucker, I.R.3    Parsonnet, V.4    Bernstein, A.5
  • 41
    • 0022312411 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous propranolol in the treatment of repetitive ventricular tachyarrhythmias during resuscitation from sudden death
    • Mason J.R., Marek J.C., Loeb H.S., Scanlon P.J. Intravenous propranolol in the treatment of repetitive ventricular tachyarrhythmias during resuscitation from sudden death. Am Heart J 1985, 110:161-165.
    • (1985) Am Heart J , vol.110 , pp. 161-165
    • Mason, J.R.1    Marek, J.C.2    Loeb, H.S.3    Scanlon, P.J.4
  • 42
    • 0026328706 scopus 로고
    • Treatment with esmolol of ventricular fibrillation unresponsive to lidocaine and procainamide
    • van Dantzig J.M., Koster R.W., Biervliet J.D. Treatment with esmolol of ventricular fibrillation unresponsive to lidocaine and procainamide. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1991, 5:600-603.
    • (1991) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.5 , pp. 600-603
    • van Dantzig, J.M.1    Koster, R.W.2    Biervliet, J.D.3
  • 43
    • 0038772421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of electrical storm in a liver transplant patient
    • Schmidt T.D., Muir A.J. A case of electrical storm in a liver transplant patient. Transplant Proc 2003, 35:1437-1438.
    • (2003) Transplant Proc , vol.35 , pp. 1437-1438
    • Schmidt, T.D.1    Muir, A.J.2
  • 45
    • 14644407545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression by propranolol and amiodarone of an electrical storm refractory to metoprolol and amiodarone
    • Tsagalou E.P., Kanakakis J., Rokas S., Anastasiou-Nana M.I. Suppression by propranolol and amiodarone of an electrical storm refractory to metoprolol and amiodarone. Int J Cardiol 2005, 99:341-342.
    • (2005) Int J Cardiol , vol.99 , pp. 341-342
    • Tsagalou, E.P.1    Kanakakis, J.2    Rokas, S.3    Anastasiou-Nana, M.I.4
  • 46
    • 0025063935 scopus 로고
    • Coronary perfusion pressure and the return of spontaneous circulation in human cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Paradis N.A., Martin G.B., Rivers E.P., et al. Coronary perfusion pressure and the return of spontaneous circulation in human cardiopulmonary resuscitation. JAMA 1990, 263:1106-1113.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 1106-1113
    • Paradis, N.A.1    Martin, G.B.2    Rivers, E.P.3
  • 47
    • 0023686103 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial perfusion pressure: a predictor of 24-hour survival during prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs
    • Kern K.B., Ewy G.A., Voorhees W.D., Babbs C.F., Tacker W.A. Myocardial perfusion pressure: a predictor of 24-hour survival during prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs. Resuscitation 1988, 16:241-250.
    • (1988) Resuscitation , vol.16 , pp. 241-250
    • Kern, K.B.1    Ewy, G.A.2    Voorhees, W.D.3    Babbs, C.F.4    Tacker, W.A.5
  • 48
    • 0030069421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of endogenous vasopressors during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Lindner K.H., Haak T., Keller A., Bothner U., Lurie K.G. Release of endogenous vasopressors during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Heart 1996, 75:145-150.
    • (1996) Heart , vol.75 , pp. 145-150
    • Lindner, K.H.1    Haak, T.2    Keller, A.3    Bothner, U.4    Lurie, K.G.5
  • 50
    • 67651097690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential beneficial effects of beta adrenergic blockade in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation
    • [Review]
    • Bassiakou E., Xanthos T., Papadimitriou L. The potential beneficial effects of beta adrenergic blockade in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 2009, 616:1-6. [Review].
    • (2009) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.616 , pp. 1-6
    • Bassiakou, E.1    Xanthos, T.2    Papadimitriou, L.3
  • 51
    • 0029883279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and functional role of β1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in primate and rodent: in vivo versus isolated myocytes
    • Cui Y., Shen Y.T., Kalthof B., et al. Identification and functional role of β1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in primate and rodent: in vivo versus isolated myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1996, 28:1307-1317.
    • (1996) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.28 , pp. 1307-1317
    • Cui, Y.1    Shen, Y.T.2    Kalthof, B.3
  • 52
    • 0035199497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence, distribution and physiological function of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the human heart
    • Brodde O.E., Bruck H., Leineweber K., Seyfarth T. Presence, distribution and physiological function of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the human heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2001, 96:528-538.
    • (2001) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 528-538
    • Brodde, O.E.1    Bruck, H.2    Leineweber, K.3    Seyfarth, T.4
  • 53
    • 0033575997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation
    • Kudenchuk P.J., Cobb L.A., Copass M.K., et al. Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:871-878.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 871-878
    • Kudenchuk, P.J.1    Cobb, L.A.2    Copass, M.K.3
  • 54
    • 24744461858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind trial of sotalol versus lignocaine in out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachyarrhythmia
    • Kovoor P., Love A., Hall J., et al. Randomized double-blind trial of sotalol versus lignocaine in out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Intern Med J 2005, 35:518-525.
    • (2005) Intern Med J , vol.35 , pp. 518-525
    • Kovoor, P.1    Love, A.2    Hall, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.