Skin Lymphoma

Clinical Oncology

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 371-385

  Morris, S L ^a  

^a GUY'S AND ST THOMAS' NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cutaneous lymphoma; Mycosis fungoides; Radiotherapy; Total skin electron beam radiotherapy

Indexed keywords

BEXAROTENE; CHLORMETHINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOXORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; GEMCITABINE; INTERFERON; LENALIDOMIDE; RITUXIMAB; VINCRISTINE;

ARTICLE; B CELL LYMPHOMA; CANCER STAGING; CUTANEOUS B CELL LYMPHOMA; CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA; ELECTRON THERAPY; HUMAN; MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA; MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; SEZARY SYNDROME; SKIN LYMPHOMA; SUBCUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; T CELL LEUKEMIA; TECHNOLOGY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

HUMANS; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, CUTANEOUS; NEOPLASM STAGING; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84860455340     PISSN: 09366555     EISSN: 14332981     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.02.007     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Groves F.D., Linet M.S., Travis L.B., Devesa S.S. Cancer Surveillance Series: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence by histologic subtype in the United States from 1978 through 1995. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000, 92:1240-1251.
2. Newton R., Ferlay J., Beral V., Devesa S.S. The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: comparison of nodal and extra-nodal sites. Int J Cancer 1997, 72(6):923-930.
3. Willemze R., Jaffe E.S., Burg G., et al. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood 2005, 105:3768-3785.
4. Bradford P.T., Devesa S.S., Anderson W.F., et al. Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: a population based study of 3884 cases. Blood 2009, 113:5064-5073.
5. Scholtz W. Ueber den einfluss der rontgenstrahlen auf die haut in gesunden und krankem zustande. Arch Dermat U Syph 1902, 59:421.
6. Bagshaw M.A., Schneidman H.M., Farber E.M., et al. Electron beam therapy for mycosis fungoides. Calif Med 1961, 95:292-297.
7. Olsen E., Vonderheid E., Pimpinelli N., et al. Revisions to the staging and classification of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: a proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Blood 2007, 110:1713-1722.
8. Kim Y.H., Willemze R., Pimpinelli N., et al. TNM classification system for primary cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: a proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Blood 2007, 110:P479-484.
9. Agar N., Wedgeworth E., Crichton S., et al. Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome: validation of the revised International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Staging Proposal. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28(3):4730.
10. Golling P., Cozzio A., Dummer R., French L., Kempf W. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas - clinicopathological, prognostic and therapeutic characterisation of 54 cases according to the WHO-EORTC classification and the ISCL/EORTC TNM classification system for primary cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Leuk Lymphoma 2008, 49(6):1094-1103.
11. Kaye F.J., Bunn P.A., Steinberg S.M., et al. A randomized trial comparing combination electron beam radiation and chemotherapy with topical therapy in the initial treatment of mycosis fungoides. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:1748-1790.
12. Hoope R.T. Mycosis fungoides: radiation therapy. Dermatol Ther 2003, 16:347-354.
13. Neelis K.J., Schimmel E.C., Vermer M.H., Senff N.J., Willemze R., Noordijk E.M. Low dose palliative radiotherapy for cutaneous B and T cell lymphomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 47(1):154-158.
14. Cotter G.W., Baglan R.J., Wasserman T.H., Mill W. Palliative radiation treatment of cutaneous mycosis fungoides-a dose-response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1983, 9:1477-1480.
15. Kirova Y.M., Piedbois Y., Haddad E., et al. Radiotherapy in the management of mycosis fungoides: indications, results, prognosis. Twenty years' experience. Radiother Oncol 1999, 51(2):147-151.
16. Neelis K.J., Schimmel E.C., Vermeer M.H., Senff N.J., Willemze R., Noordijk E.M. Low-dose palliative radiotherapy for cutaneous B- and T-cell lymphomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 74(1):154-158.
17. Whittaker S.J., Marsden J.R., Spittle M., et al. Joint British Association of Dermatologists and UK Cutaneous Lymphoma Group guidelines for the management of primary cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2003, 149:1095-1107.
18. Jones G.W., Hoppe R.T., Glatstein E. Electron beam treatment for cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Haematol Oncol Clin North Am 1995, 9:1057-1076.
19. Bittoun J., Saint-Jalmes H., Querleux B.G., et al. In vivo high resolution MR imaging of the skin in a whole body system at 1.5 T1. Radiology 1990, 176:457-460.
20. Bliznak J., Staple T.W. Roentgenographic measurement of skin thickness in normal individuals. Radiology 1975, 116:55-60.
21. Mellenberg D.E., Schoeppel S.L. Total scalp treatment of mycosis fungoides: the 4 × 4 technique. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993, 27(4):953-958.
22. Wojcicka J.B., Lasher D.E., McAfee S.S., Fortier G.A. Dosimetric comparison of three different treatment techniques in extensive scalp lesion irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2009, 91(2):255-260.
23. Liebmann A., Pohlmann S., Heinicke F., Hildebrandt G. Helmet mold-based surface brachytherapy for homogeneous scalp treatment: a case report. Strahlenther Onkol 2007, 183(4):211-214.
24. Khuntia D., Jaradat H., Orton N., Tomé W., Mehta M.P., Welsh J.S. Helical tomotherapy as a means of administering total or partial scalp irradiation: in regards to Bedford et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006, 64(4):1288-1289. (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;62:1549-1558), author reply 1289-1290.
25. Duvic M., Martin A.G., Kim Y., et al. Phase 2 and 3 clinical trial of oral bexarotene (Targretin capsules) for the treatment of refractory or persistent early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Arch Dermatol 2001, 137(5):581-593.
26. Vegna M.L., Papa G., Defazio D., et al. Interferon alpha-2a in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 1990, 52(Suppl.):32-35.
27. Olsen E.A., Rosen S.T., Vollmer R.T., et al. Interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989, 20:395-407.
28. Duvic M., Hymes K., Heald P., et al. Bexarotene is effective and safe for treatment of refractory advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: multinational phase II-III trial results. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19(9):2456-2471. Bexarotene Worldwide Study Group.
29. Wollina U., Dummer R., Brockmeyer N.H., et al. Multicenter study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cancer 2003, 98(5):993-1001.
30. Lorenzo G., Di Trolio R., Delfino M., De Placido S. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in stage IVB mycosis fungoides. Br J Dermatol 2005, 153(1):183-185.
31. Zinzani P.L., Baliva G., Magagnoli M. Gemcitabine treatment in pretreated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: experience in 44 patients. J Clin Oncol 2000, 18(13):2603-2606.
32. Bagot M.A. Phase III study of lenalidomide maintenance after debulking with gemcitabine or liposomal doxorubicin +/- radiotherapy in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma not previously treated with IV chemotherapy. NCT01098656. EORTC 21081.
33. Wilson L.D., Kacinski B.M., Jones G.W. Local superficial radiotherapy in the management of minimal stage IA cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998, 40:109-115.
34. Micaily B., Miyamoto C., Kantor G., et al. Radiotherapy for unilesional mycosis fungoides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998, 42:361-364.
35. Barrett A., Dobbs J., Morris A., Roques T. Practical radiotherapy planning 2009, Hodder Arnold.
36. Sawyer E.J., Timothy A.R. Low dose palliative radiotherapy in low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Radiother Oncol 1997, 42(1):49-51.
37. Hallahan D., Griem M., Griem S., Duda E., Baron J. Mycosis fungoides involving the central nervous system. J Clin Oncol 1986, 4(11):1638-1644.
38. Karzmark C.J., Loevinger R., Steele R.E., Weissbluth M. A technique for large-field, superficial electron therapy. Radiology 1960, 74:633-644.
39. Page V., Gardner A., Karzmark C.J. Patient dosimetry in the electron treatment of large superficial lesions. Radiology 1970, 94:635-641.
40. Szur L., Silvester J.A., Bewley D.K. Treatment of the whole body surface with electrons. Lancet 1962, 1:1373-1377.
41. Jones G.W., Kacinski B.M., Wilson L.D., et al. Total skin electron radiation in the management of mycosis fungoides: consensus of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Cutaneous Lymphoma Project Group. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002, 47(3):364-370.
42. Karzmark CJ, Anderson J, Fessenden P, et al. AAPM report No 23. Total Skin Electron Therapy: Technique and Dosimetry. Repost of Task Group 30 Radiation Therapy Committee AAPM. American Association of Physicists in Medicine, 1988.
43. Harrison C, Young J, Navi D, et al. Revisiting low dose total skin electron beam radiotherapy in mycosis fungoides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81(4):e651-e657.
44. Morris SL. Results of a five week schedule of modern total skin electron beam radiotherapy (TSEB) for mycosis fungoides in patients treated at the St Johns Institute of Dermatology and Guys and St Thomas Hospital from 2006 to 2011. Oral Presentation O-08. EORTC CTLF. Cutaneous Lymphoma Clinical Meeting 23-25 September. Minden, Germany.
45. Kamstrup M., Specht L., Skovgaard G., et al. A prospective, open-label study of low-dose total skin electron beam therapy in mycosis fungoides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 71(4):1204-1207.
46. Kim Y. Low dose (12 Gy) TSEB + Vorinostat versus low-dose TSEB monotherapy in mycosis fungoides. NCT01187446.
47. Chinnaiyan P., Vallabhaneni G., Armstrong E., Huang S.M., Harari P.M. Modulation of radiation response by histone deacetylase inhibition. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005, 62(1):223-229.
48. Quiros P.A., Jones G.W., Kacinski B.M., et al. Total skin electron beam therapy followed by adjuvant psoralen/ultraviolet-A in the management of patients with T1 and T2 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997, 38(5):1027-1035.
49. Chinn D.M., Chow S., Kin Y.H., Hoppe R.T. Total skin electron beam therapy with or without adjuvant topical nitrogen mustard or nitrogen mustard alone as initial treatment of T2 and T3 mycosis fungoides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol 1999, 43(5):951-958.
50. Navi D., Riaz N., Levin Y.S., Sullivan N.C., Kin Y.H., Hoppe R.T. The Stanford University experience with conventional dose, total skin electron beam therapy in the treatment of generalised patch or plaque (T2) and tumour (T3) mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol 2011, 147(5):561-567.
51. Jones G.W., Rosenthal D., Wilson L.D. Total skin electron radiation for patients with erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome). Cancer 1999, 85(9):1985-1995.
52. Wilson L.D., Jones G.W., Kim D., et al. Experience with total skin electron beam therapy in combination with extracorporeal photopheresis in the management of patients with erythrodermic (T4) mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000, 43(1 Pt 1):54-60.
53. Duvic M., Donata M., Dabaja B., et al. Total skin electron beam and non-myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in advanced mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:2365-2372.
54. Wilson L.D. Delivery and sequelae of total skin electron beam radiotherapy. Arch Dermatol 2003, 139:812.
55. Yu J.B., Khan A.M., Jones G.W., Reavely M.M., Wilson L.D. Patient perspectives regarding the value of total skin electron beam therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma/mycosis fungoides: a pilot study. Am J Clin Oncol 2009, 32(2):142-144.
56. Mühlhoff C., Krenkel B., Rübben A., Megahed M. [Pagetoid reticulosis in a patient with mycosis fungoides. Successful therapy with localized electron beam irradiation]. Hautarzt 2010, 61(5):378-382.
57. Benton E.C., Morris S.L., Robson A., Whittaker S.J. An unusual case of granulomatous slack skin disease with necrobiosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2008, 30(5):462-465.
58. Suga M., Yamaguchi M., Ichimiya M., Yoshikawa Y., Hamamoto Y., Muto M. A rare case of the cutaneous form of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma: assessment of remission by PCR for clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements in an electron beam-irradiated cutaneous lesion. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005, 30(1):40-42.
59. Bekkenk M.W., Geelen F.A., van Voorst Vader P.C., et al. Primary and secondary cutaneous CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders: a report from the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group on the long-term follow-up data of 219 patients and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood 2000, 95(12):3653-3661.
60. Liu H.L., Hoppe R.T., Kohler S., Harvell J.D., Reddy S., Kim Y.H. CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders: the Stanford experience in lymphomatoid papulosis and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003, 49(6):1049-1058.
61. Gonzalez C.L., Medeiros L.J., Braziiel R.M., Jaffe E.S. T-cell lymphoma involving subcutaneous tissue. A clinicopathologic entity commonly associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 1991, 15:17-27.
62. Burg G., Dummer R., Wilhelm M., et al. A subcutaneous delta-positive T-cell lymphoma that produces interferon gamma. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:1078-1081.
63. Salhany K.E., Macon W.R., Choi J.K., et al. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic analysis of alpha/beta and gamma/delta subtypes. Am J Surg Pathol 1998, 22:881-893.
64. Weenig R.H., Ng C.S., Perniciaro C. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2001, 23:206-215.
65. Santucci M., Pimpinelli N., Massi D., et al. Cytotoxic/natural killer cell cutaneous lymphomas. Report of EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force Workshop. Cancer 2003, 97:610-627.
66. Hoque S.R., Child F.J., Whittaker S.J., et al. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular analysis of six patients. Br J Dermatol 2003, 148:516-525.
67. Yates L. Total skin electron beam therapy in the management of non-mycosis fungoides cutaneous malignancies. Oral presentation O-07. EORTC CTLF. Cutaneous Lymphoma Clinical Meeting 23-25 September, Minden, Germany.
68. Rijlaarsdam J.U., van der Putte S.C.J., Berti E., et al. Cutaneous immunocytomas: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Histopathology 1993, 23:119-125.
69. Schmid U., Eckert F., Griesser H., et al. Cutaneous follicular lymphoid hyperplasia with monotypic plasma cells. A clinicopathologic study of 18 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 1995, 19:12-20.
70. Torne R., Su W.P.D., Winkelmann R.K., Smolle J., Kerl H. Clinicopathologic study of cutaneous plasmacytoma. Int J Dermatol 1990, 29:562-566.
71. Li C., Inagaki H., Kuo T.T., Huo S., Okabe M., Eimoto T. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. A molecular and clinicopathologic study of 24 Asian cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2003, 27:1061-1069.
72. Cerroni L., Signoretti S., Höfler G., et al. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: a recently described entity of low-grade malignant cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1997, 21:1307-1315.
73. Bailey E.M., Ferry J.A., Harris N.L., Mihm M.C., Jacobson J.O., Duncan L.M. Marginal zone lymphoma (low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type) of skin and subcutaneous tissue: a study of 15 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 1996, 20:1011-1023.
74. Grange F., Bekkenk M.W., Wechsler J., et al. Prognostic factors in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas: a European multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19:3602-3610.
75. Senff N.J., Noordijk E.M., Kim Y.H., et al. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma consensus recommendations for the management of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2008, 112(5):1600-1609.
76. Eich H.T., Eich D., Micke O., et al. Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and prognostic factors of radiotherapy in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003, 55:899-906.
77. Gronbaek K., Moller P.H., Nedergaard T., et al. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a clinical, histological, phenotypic and genotypic study of 21 cases. Br J Dermatol 2000, 142:913-923.
78. Kiyohara T., Kumakiri M., Kobayashi H., Nakamura H., Ohkawara A. Cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: a case accompanied by massive plasmacytoid cells. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003, 48:S82-S85.
79. Sah A., Barrans S.L., Parapia L.A., Jack A.S., Owen R.G. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: pathological spectrum and clinical outcome in 51 consecutive patients. Am J Hematol 2004, 75:195-199.
80. Senff N.J., Hoefnagel J.J., Neelis K.J., et al. Results of radiotherapy in 153 primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas classified according to the WHO- EORTC classification. Arch Dermatol 2007, 143:1520-1526.
81. Smith B.D., Glusac E.J., McNiff J.M., et al. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma treated with radiotherapy: a comparison of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the WHO classification systems. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:634-639.
82. Yap L.M., Blum R., Foley P., et al. Clinical study of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma using both the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and World Health Organization classifications. Australas J Dermatol 2003, 44:110-115.
83. Zenahlik P., Fink-Puches R., Kapp K.S., Kerl H., Cerroni L. Therapy of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Hautarzt 2000, 51:19-24.
84. Zinzani P.L., Quaglino P., Pimpinelli N., et al. Prognostic factors in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: the Italian Study Group for Cutaneous Lymphomas. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:1376-1382.
85. Piccinno R., Caccialanza M., Berti E., Baldini L. Radiotherapy of cutaneous B cell lymphomas: our experience in 31 cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993, 27(2):385-389.
86. Lowry L., Smith P., Qian W., et al. Reduced dose radiotherapy for local control in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a randomized phase III trial. Radiother Oncol 2011, 100(1):86-92.
87. NCRI lymphoma and Radiotherapy group: FoRT. A phase III muti-centre randomised controlled trial of low dose palliative radiotherapy for follicular lymphoma. ISRCTN 65687030. http://public.ukcrn.org.uk/search/StudyDetail.aspx?StudyID=1721.
88. Vermeer M.H., Geelen F.A.M.J., van Haselen C.W., et al. Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas of the legs. A distinct type of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma with an intermediate prognosis. Arch Dermatol 1996, 132:1304-1308.
89. Goodlad J.R., Krajewski A.S., Batstone P.J., et al. Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Prognostic significance and clinicopathologic subtypes. Am J Surg Pathol 2003, 27:1538-1545.
90. Olsen E.A., Whittaker S., Kim Y.H., et al. Clinical end points and response criteria in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: a consensus statement of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas, the United States Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium, and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011, 29(18):2598-2607.
91. Harrington K., Jankowska P., Hingorani M. Molecular biology for the radiation oncologist: the 5Rs of radiobiology meet the hallmarks of cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007, 19(8):561-571.