Door locking and exit security measures on acute psychiatric admission wards

Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

Volumn 18, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 614-621

  Nijman, H ^a,b   Bowers, L ^c   Haglund, K ^e   Muir Cochrane, E ^f   Simpson, A ^d   van der Merwe, M ^d  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

^b Altrecht Mental Health Institute   (Netherlands)

^c Section of Mental Health Nursing   (United Kingdom)

^d CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e UPPSALA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^f FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Absconding; Aggression; Coercion; Locked wards

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HOSPITAL SUBDIVISIONS AND COMPONENTS; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; NURSING; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE; PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT; SAFETY; UNITED KINGDOM; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; COMMITMENT OF MENTALLY ILL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HOSPITAL UNITS; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; PREVALENCE; PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT, HOSPITAL; SAFETY MANAGEMENT; SECURITY MEASURES;

EID: 84860411222     PISSN: 13510126     EISSN: 13652850     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01716.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Adams B. (2000) Locked doors or sentinel nurses? Psychiatric Bulletin 24, 327-328.
2. Ashmore R. (2008) Nurses' accounts of locked ward doors: ghosts of the asylum or acute care in the 21st century? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 15, 175-185.
3. Boardman J. (2005) Beyond the Water Towers - The Unfinished Revolution in Mental Health Services. The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London.
4. Bongar B. (1991) The Suicidal Patient: Clinical and Legal Standards of Care. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. pp. 277-283.
5. Bowers L., Jarrett M., Clark N., etal. (1999) Absconding: how and when patients leave the ward. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 6, 207-212.
6. Bowers L., Alexander J., Callaghan P., etal. (2002) Safety and security policies on psychiatric acute admission wards: results from a London-wide survey. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 9, 427-433.
7. Bowers L., Simpson A. & Alexander J. (2003a) Patient-staff conflict: results of a survey on acute psychiatric wards. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 38, 402-408.
8. Bowers L., Alexander J. & Gaskell C. (2003b) A controlled trial of an intervention to reduce absconding from acute psychiatric wards. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 10, 410-416.
9. Bowers L., Douzenis A., Galeazzi G., etal. (2005) Disruptive and dangerous behaviour by patients on acute psychiatric wards in three European centres. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, 822-828.
10. Bowers L., Flood C., Brennan G., etal. (2006) A trial to reduce conflict and containment on acute psychiatric wards: city nurses. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 13, 165-172.
11. Bowers L., Whittington R., Nolan P., etal. (2007) The City 128 Study of Observation and Outcomes on Acute Psychiatric Wards. Report to the NHS SDO Programme. NHS SDO Programme, London.
12. Bowers L., Allan T., Haglund K., etal. (2008) The City 128 extension: locked doors in acute psychiatry, outcome and acceptability. Report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation (NCCSDO). Available at: (accessed 22 December 2010).
13. Cleary M., Hunt G.E., Walter G., etal. (2009) Locked inpatient units in modern mental health care: values and practice issues. Journal of Medical Ethics 35, 644-646.
14. Folkard S. (1960) Aggressive behaviour in relation to open wards in a mental hospital. Mental Hygiene 44, 155-161.
15. Garcia I., Kennett C., Quraishi M., etal. (2005) Acute Care 2004. A National Survey of Adult Psychiatric Wards in England. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London.
16. Haglund K., von Knorring L. & von Essen L. (2006) Psychiatric wards with locked doors - advantages and disadvantages according to nurses and mental health assistants. Journal of Clinical Nursing 15, 387-394.
17. Haglund K., van der Meiden E., von Knorring L., etal. (2007) Psychiatric care behind locked doors. A study regarding the frequency of and the reasons for locked psychiatric wards in Sweden. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 14, 49-54.
18. Kiely J. (1991) Some conceptual problems in multivariable analysis of perinatal mortality. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 5, 243-257.
19. Muralidharan S. & Fenton M. (2006) Containment strategies for people with serious mental illness. Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, Issue 3. Art. No. CD002084.
20. Neuenschwander M., Meyer P.C. & Hell D. (2003) Verlauf und Einflussfaktoren der offnungszeiten von leiloffen gefuhrten psychiatrischen akutstationen. Schweizer archiv fur neurologie und psychiatrie 154, 20-27.
21. Nijman H.L.I., Allertz W.W.F., Merckelbach H.L.G.J., etal. (1997) Aggressive behaviour on an acute psychiatric admissions ward. European Journal of Psychiatry 11, 106-114.
22. Rittmannsberger H., Sartorius N., Brad M., etal. (2004) Changing aspects of psychiatric inpatient treatment. A census investigation in five European countries. European Psychiatry 19, 483-488.
23. Silver J. & Yudofsky S. (1987) Documentation of aggression in the assessment of the violent patient. Psychiatric Annals 17, 375-384.
24. Silver J. & Yudofsky S. (1991) The overt aggression scale. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 3, S22-S29.
25. Ukoumunne O.C., Gulliford M., Chinn S., etal. (1999) Methods for evaluating area-wide and organisation-based interventions in health and health care: a systematic review. Health Technology Assessment 3, iii-i92.
26. Yudofsky S.C., Silver J.M., Jackson W., etal. (1986) The overt aggression scale for the objective rating of verbal and physical aggression. American Journal of Psychiatry 143, 35-39.