Presence of faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes in ready-to-eat salads, from an area where crops are irrigated with untreated sewage water

International Journal of Food Microbiology

Volumn 156, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 176-180

  Castro Rosas, Javier ^a   Cerna Cortés, Jorge F ^b   Méndez Reyes, Eligio ^a   Lopez Hernandez, Daniel ^c   Gómez Aldapa, Carlos A ^a   Estrada Garcia, Teresa ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE HIDALGO   (Mexico)

^b INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL   (Mexico)

^c DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Crops irrigated with untreated sewage water; Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes; Escherichia coli; Faecal coliforms; Ready to eat salads

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; CATERING SERVICE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIARRHEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FECAL COLIFORM; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD QUALITY; HYGIENE; IRRIGATION (AGRICULTURE); LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEAFY VEGETABLE; MEXICO; MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; NONHUMAN; PATHOTYPE; RAW FOOD; ROOT VEGETABLE; SCREENING; SEWAGE; SPINACH;

AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; FECES; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HYGIENE; MEXICO; RESTAURANTS; SEWAGE; SHIGA TOXIN; SHIGA-TOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI; VEGETABLES; WATER;

ESCHERICHIA COLI; SPINACIA OLERACEA;

EID: 84860384284     PISSN: 01681605     EISSN: 18793460     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.025     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Abadias M., Usall J., Anguera M., Solsona C., Vinas I. Microbiological quality of fresh, minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, and sprouts from retail establishments. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2008, 123:121-129.
2. Adachi J.A., Mathewson J.J., Jiang Z.D., Ericsson C.D., DuPont H.L. Enteric pathogens in Mexican sauces of popular restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas. Annals of Internal Medicine 2002, 136:884-887.
3. Almualla N.A., Laleye L.C., Abushelaibi A.A., Al-Qassemi R.A., Wasesa A.A., Baboucarr J. Aspects of the microbiological quality and safety of ready-to-eat foods in Sharjah supermarkets in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Food Protection 2010, 73:1328-1331.
4. Buchholz U., Bernard H., Werber D., Bohmer M.M., Remschmidt C., Wilking H., Delere Y., an der Heiden M., Adlhoch C., Dreesman J., Ehlers J., Ethelberg S., Faber M., Frank C., Fricke G., Greiner M., Hohle M., Ivarsson S., Jark U., Kirchner M., Koch J., Krause G., Luber P., Rosner B., Stark K., Kuhne M. German outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 associated with sprouts. The New England Journal of Medicine 2011, 365:1763-1770.
5. Callaway T.R., Anderson R.C., Tellez G., Rosario C., Nava G.M., Eslava C., Blanco M.A., Quiroz M.A., Olguin A., Herradora M., Edrington T.S., Genovese K.J., Harvey R.B., Nisbet D.J. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and swine in central Mexico. Journal of Food Protection 2004, 67:2274-2276.
6. Castro-Rosas J., Gomez-Aldapa C.A., Acevedo-Sandoval O.A., Gonzalez Ramirez C.A., Villagomez-Ibarra J.R., Chavarria Hernandez N., Villarruel-Lopez A., Torres-Vitela M.del, R. Frequency and behavior of Salmonella and Escherichia coli on whole and sliced jalapeno and serrano peppers. Journal of Food Protection 2011, 74:874-881.
7. Cerna J.F., Nataro J.P., Estrada-Garcia T. Multiplex PCR for detection of three plasmid-borne genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2003, 41:2138-2140.
8. Cerna-Cortes J.F., Vega-Negrete W., Ortega-Villegas M.A., Zaidi M.B., Estrada-Garcia T. Consumption of street-vended beverage a potential exposure risk for non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection: the importance of testing for virulence loci. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2012, 54:154-155.
9. Cravioto A., Tello A., Navarro A., Ruiz J., Villafan H., Uribe F., Eslava C. Association of Escherichia coli HEp-2 adherence patterns with type and duration of diarrhoea. Lancet 1991, 337:262-264.
10. Downs T.J., Cifuentes-Garcia E., Suffet I.M. Risk screening for exposure to groundwater pollution in a wastewater irrigation district of the Mexico City region. Environmental Health Perspectives 1999, 107:553-561.
11. Estrada-Garcia T., Cerna J.F., Thompson M.R., Lopez-Saucedo C. Faecal contamination and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in street-vended chili sauces in Mexico and its public health relevance. Epidemiology and Infection 2002, 129:223-226.
12. Estrada-Garcia T., Cerna J.F., Paheco-Gil L., Velazquez R.F., Ochoa T.J., Torres J., DuPont H.L. Drug-resistant diarrheogenic Escherichia coli, Mexico. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2005, 11:1306-1308.
13. Estrada-Garcia T., Lopez-Saucedo C., Thompson-Bonilla R., Abonce M., Lopez-Hernandez D., Santos J.I., Rosado J.L., DuPont H.L., Long K.Z. Association of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes with infection and diarrhea among Mexican children and association of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli with acute diarrhea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2009, 47:93-98.
14. Ferguson D.D., Scheftel J., Cronquist A., Smith K., Woo-Ming A., Anderson E., Knutsen J., De A.K., Gershman K. Temporally distinct Escherichia coli 0157 outbreaks associated with alfalfa sprouts linked to a common seed source - Colorado and Minnesota, 2003. Epidemiology and Infection 2005, 133:439-447.
15. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological analytical manual on line Accessed 2 March 2012. http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/BacteriologicalAnalyticalManualBAM/default.htm.
16. Froder H., Martins C.G., De Souza K.L., Landgraf M., Franco B.D., Destro M.T. Minimally processed vegetable salads: microbial quality evaluation. Journal of Food Protection 2007, 70:1277-1280.
17. Gault G., Weill F.X., Mariani-Kurkdjian P., Jourdan-da Silva N., King L., Aldabe B., Charron M., Ong N., Castor C., Mace M., Bingen E., Noel H., Vaillant V., Bone A., Vendrely B., Delmas Y., Combe C., Bercion R., d'Andigne E., Desjardin M., de Valk H., Rolland P. Outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome and bloody diarrhoea due to Escherichia coli O104:H4, south-west France, June 2011. Euro Surveillance 2011, 16.
18. Grant J., Wendelboe A.M., Wendel A., Jepson B., Torres P., Smelser C., Rolfs R.T. Spinach-associated Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak, Utah and New Mexico, 2006. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008, 14:1633-1636.
19. Harris L.J., Farber J.N., Beuchat L.R., Parish M.E., Suslow T.V., Garrett E.H., Busta F.F. Outbreaks associated with fresh produce: incidence, growth, and survival of pathogens in fresh and fresh cut produce. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2003, 2:78-141.
20. Kaper J.B., Nataro J.P., Mobley H.L. Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nature Reviews. Microbiology 2004, 2:123-140.
21. Koo H.L., Jiang Z.D., Brown E., Garcia C., Qi H., Dupont H.L. Coliform contamination of vegetables obtained from popular restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008, 47:218-221.
22. Little C.L., Gillespie I.A. Prepared salads and public health. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2008, 105:1729-1743.
23. Lopez-Saucedo C., Cerna J.F., Villegas-Sepulveda N., Thompson R., Velazquez F.R., Torres J., Tarr P.I., Estrada-Garcia T. Single multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect diverse loci associated with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2003, 9:127-131.
24. Lopez-Saucedo C., Cerna J.F., Estrada-Garcia T. Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is the most prevalent diarrheagenic E. coli pathotype in street-vended taco dressings in Mexico City. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010, 50:450-451.
25. Lucho-Constantino C.A., Poggi-Varaldo H.M., Del Razo L.M., Cebrián I., Sastre-Conde I., Beltrán-Hernández R.I., Prieto-García F. Vol. I Chapter: Arsenic in soil, plants and food chain issues: Effect of wastewater irrigation on arsenic concentration in soils and selected crops of Irrigation District 03, Hidalgo State, Mexico. Natural Arsenic in groundwaters of Latin America 2008, Balkena A.A., Publishers, Taylor and Francis Publishers, United Kingdom. J. Bundschuh, P. Birkle, M.A. Armienta, P. Bhattacharya, J. Matschullat, P. Birkle, A.B. Mukherjee (Eds.).
26. Mercanoglu Taban B., Halkman A.K. Do leafy green vegetables and their ready-to-eat [RTE] salads carry a risk of foodborne pathogens?. Anaerobe 2011, 17:286-287.
27. Merson M.H., Morris G.K., Sack D.A., Wells J.G., Feeley J.C., Sack R.B., Creech W.B., Kapikian A.Z., Gangarosa E.J. Travelers' diarrhea in Mexico. A prospective study of physicians and family members attending a congress. The New England Journal of Medicine 1976, 294:1299-1305.
28. NMX-F-605-NORMEX-2004 Manejo higiénico en el servicio de alimentos preparados para la obtención del distintivo H Accessed 2 March 2012. http://www.normex.com.mx/catalogo-de-normas.
29. NOM-093-SSA1-1994 Norma oficial mexicana NOM-093-SSA1-1994, bienes y servicios. Practicas de higiene y sanidad en la preparación de alimentos que se ofrecen en establecimientos fijos 1995, http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/093ssa14.html. Accessed 2 March 2012.
30. Paniagua G.L., Monroy E., Garcia-Gonzalez O., Alonso J., Negrete E., Vaca S. Two or more enteropathogens are associated with diarrhoea in Mexican children. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2007, 6:17.
31. Paredes-Paredes M., Okhuysen P.C., Flores J., Mohamed J.A., Padda R.S., Gonzalez-Estrada A., Haley C.A., Carlin L.G., Nair P., DuPont H.L. Seasonality of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in the US students acquiring diarrhea in Mexico. Journal of Travel Medicine 2011, 18:121-125.
32. Pollack S. Consumer demand for fruit and vegetables: The U.S. example 2001, Economic Research Service/USDA, http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/wrs011/wrs011h.pdf. Accessed 2 March 2012.
33. Prieto-García F.Lucho, Constantino C.A., Poggi Valardo H., Alvarez Suárez M., Barrado Esteban E. Caracterización fisicoquímica y extracción secuencial de metales y elementos trazas en suelos de la región Actopan-Ixmiquilpan del distrito de riego 03, Valle de Mezquital, Hidalgo, México. Ciencia Ergo Sum 2007, 14:69-80.
34. Rodriguez-Cavallini E., Rodriguez C., Gamboa M.del, M., Arias M.L. [Microbiological evaluation of ready-to-eat foods manufactured by small Costa Rican industries]. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición 2010, 60:179-183.
35. Romero-Alvarez H. Case Study VII - The Mezquital Valley, Mexico. Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Management Principles 1998, Publishers, E & FN Spon. An imprint of Thomson Professional, London. Weinheim. New York. Tokyo. Melbourne. Madras. R. Helmer, I. Hespanhol (Eds.).
36. Sagoo S.K., Little C.L., Ward L., Gillespie I.A., Mitchell R.T. Microbiological study of ready-to-eat salad vegetables from retail establishments uncovers a national outbreak of salmonellosis. Journal of Food Protection 2003, 66:403-409.
37. Sivapalasingam S., Friedman C.R., Cohen L., Tauxe R.V. Fresh produce: a growing cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, 1973 through 1997. Journal of Food Protection 2004, 67:2342-2353.
38. Vigil K.J., Jiang Z.D., Chen J.J., Palumbo K.L., Galbadage T., Brown E.L., Yiang J., Koo H., DuPont M.W., Ericsson C., Adachi J.A., DuPont H.L. Coliform and Escherichia coli contamination of desserts served in public restaurants from Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009, 80:606-608.
39. Yoder J.S., Cesario S., Plotkin V., Ma X., Kelly-Shannon K., Dworkin M.S. Outbreak of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection with an unusually long duration of illness. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2006, 42:1513-1517.